CN107147288A - 多用变流器 - Google Patents

多用变流器 Download PDF

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CN107147288A
CN107147288A CN201710307806.9A CN201710307806A CN107147288A CN 107147288 A CN107147288 A CN 107147288A CN 201710307806 A CN201710307806 A CN 201710307806A CN 107147288 A CN107147288 A CN 107147288A
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igbt
voltage
phase
current transformer
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汪隽迈
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/297—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal for conversion of frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/2932—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage, current or power

Abstract

本发明涉及电力电子技术领域，尤其涉及一种变流器，包括输入端和输出端，输入端连接有依次串联的4个IGBT管组成的IGBT管组，其中第一、第三IGBT管同向导通，第二、第四IGBT管同向导通，第一、第三IGBT管和第二、第四IGBT管反向导通，第二IGBT管、第三IGBT管通过滤波电路连接输出端。按本发明的技术方案，在简单的基础电路的技术上，输入不同电压以及基础电路之间组合，即可实现不同的功能用途，即采用简单的电路结构，就可实现多种用途的变流器，而且电路效率较高，功能较全面。

Description

多用变流器
技术领域
本发明涉及电力电子技术领域，尤其涉及一种变流器。
背景技术
变流器主要是使电源系统的电压、频率、相数和其他电量或特性发生变化的电器设备。现有变流器种类繁多，但是其能够实现的用途相对较少，目前将变流器作为调压器使用情况比较常见，但是其电路大多比较繁杂或者实现功能效率不高。现有的调压器分为电磁式和电子式两大类。最简单的电磁式交流调压器就是一台自耦变压器，用电刷在各匝之间滑动调压，如图1所示,为滑动电刷，它的相邻两匝将被电刷短路，短路电流由电刷的接触电阻限制。电刷的接触压降是不大的，因此每匝的电压不能太大，所以这种调压器的电压和容量均不能太大。比较大的电磁式交流调压器大多采用感应式调压器，它实际上就是一台绕线转子的感应电动机，定子和转子每相绕组串联成为一相。改变转子的角相位，就改变了转子电压的相位，也就改变了定子和转子串联电压的总和，也就实现调压。这种调压器效率不高、输出电压含有齿槽谐波、输出特性较软。而当交流调压器输出接了二极管整流器就成为直流调压器。最简单的电子式直流调压器就是一个斩波器，如图2所示。这种调压器平常电流、电压都是正向的，因此它平常是在第一象限运行。电流可以反向，使斩波器运行于第二象限，但电流反向时不能调压，因此我们称它为准二象限运行，不是完整的能在二象限运行，运行范围如图3所示，其使用还是有所限制的。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在变流器应用相对单一、电路功能受限等缺陷，本发明提供一种电路简单但又能实现多种功能用途的多用变流器。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
多用变流器，包括输入端和输出端，输入端连接有依次串联的4个IGBT管组成的IGBT管组，其中第一、第三IGBT管同向导通，第二、第四IGBT管同向导通，第一、第三IGBT管和第二、第四IGBT管反向导通，第二IGBT管、第三IGBT管通过滤波电路连接输出端。
作为优选，输入端输入直流电压，形成单相直流调压电路。
作为优选，直流电压为正电压，且第二IGBT管和第四IGBT管常通，第一IGBT管和第三IGBT管轮流通断。
作为优选，直流电压为负电压，且第一IGBT管和第三IGBT管常通，第二IGBT管和第四IGBT管轮流通断。
作为优选，输入端接到工频交流电压，形成单相交流调压电路。
作为优选，3个单相交流调压电路接成Y接法，形成三相交流调压电路，且三相的输入端分别接到三相交流电压。
作为优选，3个单相直流调压电路接成Y接法，且三相的输入端均连接到同一直流电压的正、负端，使第二IGBT管和第四IGBT管常通，第一IGBT管和第三IGBT管轮流通断。
作为优选，3个单相直流调压电路接成Y接法，且三相的输入端均连接到同一交流方波电压；方波的频率与第一IGBT管和第三IGBT管和第二IGBT管、第四IGBT管互换频率一致。
作为优选，所述IGBT管为带反并联二极管IGBT管。
作为优选，所述滤波电路为LC高频滤波电路。
按本发明的技术方案，采用简单的电路结构，就可实现多种用途的变流器，而且电路效率较高，功能较全面。
附图说明
图1为本发明现有技术中电磁式交流调压器电路示意图；
图2为本发明现有技术中电子式直流调压器电路示意图；
图3为本发明现有技术中电子式直流调压器的象限运行图；
图4为本发明技术方案的电路图；
图5为本发明实施例1的电路图；
图6为本发明实施例1的象限运行图；
图7为本发明实施例2的电路图；
图8为本发明实施例2的象限运行图；
图9为本发明实施例3的象限运行图；
图10为本发明实施例4的电路图；
图11为本发明实施例5的电路图。
具体实施例
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述：
如图4所示，多用变流器，包括输入端1和输出端4，输入端1连接有依次串联的IGBT管G1、IGBT管G2、IGBT管G3和IGBT管G4组成的IGBT组2，其中IGBT管G1、G3同向导通，IGBT管G2、G4反向导通，IGBT管G2、G3通过滤波电路3连接输出端4。
实施例1
如图5所示，当输入端1输入直流正电压+Ud时，IGBT管G2、G4导通，IGBT管G1、G3轮流通断，即IGBT管G2、G4处于常通状态；只用调节G1和G3的轮流通断比例就可以得到所要的输出电压Udout。此时电流是可以双向流动的，电压是正向可调的，因此它能真正的在第一和第二象限运行，它的运行范围如图6所示。即可获得在第一和第二象限运行的直流调压器，本实施例中滤波电路3为LC高频滤波电路，所以IGBT管G1、G3轮流通断是按高频工作的。
实施例2
如图7所示，当输入端1输入直流负电压-Ud时，IGBT管G1、G3是始终导通的，即G1、G3处于常通状态，IGBT管G2、G4轮流通断。根据要求输出电压-Udout的大小，调节G2和G4的轮流通断比例，就可以得到所要的-Udout。此时电流是可以双向流动的，电压是负向可调的，因此它能真正的在第三和第四象限运行，它的运行范围如附8所示，即可获得在第三和第四象限运行的直流调压器。
实施例3
结合实施例1和实施例2，即输入端1输入可切换的直流正电压和直流负电压时，即可获得能四象限运行的电压连续可调的直流调压器，其运行范围如图9所示。
实施例4
如图10所示，当输入端1连接工频交流电压Ua时，根据工频交流电压Ua的正半波或负半波，分别按上述实施例1和实施例2中轮流切换的状态工作，就成为能四象限运行的电压连续可调的交流调压器。其在保持输出恒定电压的变压器中都有具体应用，同原理也可以应用于没有主变压器的环境中单独工作，即可以将调压器安置在远离主变压器的用户侧，也可以在一个主变压器后面安置多个调压器等等。
实施例5
如图11所示，3个单相交流调压电路接成Y接法，形成三相交流调压电路，且三相的输入端分别接到三相交流电压Ua、Ub、Uc，形成一个三相交流调压器，它的每一相可以独立调节以保持三相平衡，消除负序电压和零序电压。
实施例6
在实施例5的基础上,3个单相直流调压电路接成Y接法，且三相的输入端均连接到同一直流电压的正、负端或负、正端，使IGBT管G2、G4常通，IGBT管G1、G3轮流通断；或IGBT管G1、G3常通，IGBT管G2、G4轮流通断。即将三相输入端均连接到同一直流电压的正、负端时，形成一个典型的三相逆变器电路。在上述三相逆变器中，如果将IGBT管G1、G3和IGBT管G2、G4两组互换一下，同时将输入的直流电压正、负端也互换一下，则仍然是一个典型的三相逆变器。
施以适当的触发脉冲相位可以使两个典型三相逆变器输出电压的相位完全一致。这个逆变器也可作为整流器运行，整流后的直流电压将大于三相交流用二极管整流后的直流电压。
实施例7
在实施例5的基础上,3个单相直流调压电路接成Y接法，且三相的输入端均连接到同一交流方波电压；IGBT管G1、G3和IGBT管G2、G4两组按较低的频率不断互换，即IGBT管G1、G3和IGBT管G2、G4是按低频轮流工作的，方波的频率与IGBT管G1、G3和IGBT管G2、G4的轮流工作互换频率一致。则此时就得到一个从单相方波交流直接变成三相正弦波(或其他波形)交流的交交变频器。反过来，从三相正弦波交流变成单相方波交流也是可以的，两者电压之间有一定关系，方波电压幅值将大于三相交流用二极管整流时的直流电压。比如在高铁和电力机车中用的都是单相交流电。
总之，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所作的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明专利的涵盖范围。

Claims (10)

1.多用变流器，包括输入端(1)和输出端(4)，其特征在于，输入端(1)连接有依次串联的IGBT管(G1)、IGBT管(G2)、IGBT管(G3)和IGBT管(G4)组成的IGBT管组(2)，其中IGBT管(G1、G3)同向导通，IGBT管(G2、G4)反向导通，IGBT管(G2、G3)通过滤波电路(3)连接输出端(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述多用变流器，其特征在于，输入端(1)输入直流电压，形成单相直流调压电路。
3.根据权利要求2所述多用变流器，其特征在于，直流电压为正电压(+Ud)，且IGBT管(G2、G4)常通，IGBT管(G1、G3)轮流通断。
4.根据权利要求1所述多用变流器，其特征在于，直流电压为为负电压(-Ud)且IGBT管(G1、G3)常通，IGBT管(G2、G4)轮流通断。
5.根据权利要求1所述多用变流器，其特征在于，输入端(1)接到工频交流电压(Ua)，形成单相交流调压电路。
6.根据权利要求5所述多用变流器，其特征在于，3个单相交流调压电路接成Y接法，形成三相交流调压电路，且三相的输入端分别接到三相交流电压(Ua、Ub、Uc)。
7.根据权利要求2所述多用变流器，其特征在于，3个单相直流调压电路接成Y接法，且三相的输入端均连接到同一直流电压的正、负端或负、正端，使IGBT管(G2、G4)常通，IGBT管(G1、G3)轮流通断；或IGBT管(G1、G3)常通，IGBT管(G2、G4)轮流通断。
8.根据权利要求2所述多用变流器，其特征在于，3个单相直流调压电路接成Y接法，且三相的输入端均连接到同一交流方波电压；IGBT管(G1、G3)和IGBT管(G2、G4)按低频进行互换，，且方波的频率与IGBT管(G1、G3)和IGBT管(G2、G4)互换频率相同。
9.根据权利要求1所述多用变流器，其特征在于，所述IGBT管为带反并联二极管IGBT管。
10.根据权利要求1所述多用变流器，其特征在于，所述滤波电路(3)为LC高频滤波电路。
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CN2751479Y (zh) * 2004-05-19 2006-01-11 高国浪 一种交流双向电力开关
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