CN107146640A - Steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method suitable for fusion reactors - Google Patents
Steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method suitable for fusion reactors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及磁约束聚变装置运行方法领域，具体是一种适用聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行方法。The invention relates to the field of operating methods of magnetic confinement fusion devices, in particular to a steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method suitable for fusion reactors.
背景技术Background technique
高约束运行模式（H模）是现今托卡马克装置主要的基础运行模式。在H模约束下，在托卡马克边界形成密度和温度陡峭分布的台基区，即边界输运垒。一般来说，在进入H模之后，边界输运垒形成并不断升高，边界压强梯度和自举电流也不断增加，当达到一定阈值后，边界输运垒崩塌，爆发边界局域模。边界局域模随着边界输运垒的崩塌和建立周期性爆发。普遍认为边界局域模是一种由台基压力梯度驱动的气球模和边界电流密度驱动的剥离模共同驱动的磁流体力学不稳定性现象。边界局域模爆发，一方面有利于粒子和杂质的排出，另一方面大幅度边界局域模所带来的瞬态热负荷会侵蚀偏滤器靶板，并产生大量杂质污染芯部等离子体，破坏等离子体的约束，使得核反应条件难以稳定维持。因此，在高的边界输运垒，好的等离子体约束的情况下，缓解或者抑制高的边界输运垒崩塌，即大幅度的第一类边界局域模的爆发，维持等离子体的稳态运行，是世界磁约束聚变界面临的一个重要难题。The high-constraint operation mode (H-mode) is the main basic operation mode of tokamak devices today. Under the H-mode constraint, a platform base region with a steep distribution of density and temperature is formed at the boundary of the tokamak, that is, the boundary transport barrier. Generally speaking, after entering the H-mode, the boundary transport barrier is formed and continues to rise, and the boundary pressure gradient and bootstrap current also increase continuously. When a certain threshold is reached, the boundary transport barrier collapses and the boundary localized mode erupts. Boundary localized modes erupt periodically with the collapse and establishment of boundary transport barriers. It is generally believed that the boundary localized mode is a magnetohydrodynamic instability phenomenon driven jointly by the balloon mode driven by the platform pressure gradient and the stripped mode driven by the boundary current density. Boundary localized mode explosion, on the one hand, is conducive to the discharge of particles and impurities, on the other hand, the transient heat load brought by the large boundary localized mode will erode the divertor target plate, and produce a large number of impurities to pollute the core plasma. Breaking the confinement of the plasma makes it difficult to maintain stable nuclear reaction conditions. Therefore, in the case of a high boundary transport barrier and good plasma confinement, the collapse of the high boundary transport barrier, that is, the explosion of the first type of boundary localized mode, is alleviated or suppressed, and the steady state of the plasma is maintained. Operation is an important problem faced by the world magnetic confinement fusion community.
通过获得无边界局域模或小边界局域模的高约束运行模式可以避免大幅度边界局域模所带来的靶板热负荷问题。目前世界各大装置上已经获得多种小边界局域模或无边界局域模的H模，如第三类边界局域模，Dα增强型H模，高再循环H模， I模等运行模式。然而这些运行模式只能部分地解决上述维持高约束高参数稳态运行同时避免大幅度边界局域模爆发的难题。如第三类边界局域模虽然其边界局域模幅度较小，但其等离子体约束也相对较差。而无边界局域模H模虽然其等离子体约束能力一般较好，但要么其杂质排除能力差，容易发生杂质聚芯问题，影响等离子体稳态运行，要么不容易在高参数条件下实现。The problem of heat load on the target plate caused by the large boundary localized modes can be avoided by obtaining the highly constrained operation mode of the unbounded localized modes or small bounded localized modes. At present, a variety of H-modes with small boundary localized modes or no-boundary localized modes have been obtained on major devices in the world, such as the third type of boundary localized mode, Dα enhanced H-mode, high recirculation H-mode, I-mode, etc. model. However, these operating modes can only partially solve the above-mentioned problem of maintaining high-constraint and high-parameter steady-state operation while avoiding large-scale boundary localized mode explosions. For example, although the amplitude of the boundary localized mode of the third kind of boundary localized mode is small, its plasma confinement is relatively poor. Although the boundless localized mode H-mode generally has good plasma confinement ability, it either has poor impurity exclusion ability, is prone to impurity core problems, affects the steady-state operation of the plasma, or is not easy to realize under high parameter conditions.
可见，实现稳态高约束高参数运行同时避免大幅度边界局域模的爆发需要集成考虑。目前EAST装置已经安装了源功率高达12 MW的离子回旋波、10 MW的低杂波、8 MW的中性束和0.5MW的电子回旋加热系统。高的加热功率使得EAST装置具备并需要探索高约束高参数运行的区间。发展上述集成运行模式对于未来聚变堆以及EAST装置在高参数运行条件下，保持等离子体的高约束，同时保持小的边界局域模及到达偏滤器靶板的热负荷，避免杂质聚芯的发生，维持等离子体的长脉冲稳态运行，乃至最终聚变能的实现都具有重要的意义。It can be seen that to achieve steady-state high-constraint and high-parameter operation while avoiding the explosion of large-scale boundary local modes requires integrated consideration. At present, the EAST facility has installed ion cyclotron wave with source power up to 12 MW, low clutter wave with 10 MW, neutral beam with 8 MW and electron cyclotron heating system with 0.5 MW. The high heating power enables the EAST device to have and need to explore the high-constraint and high-parameter operation interval. The development of the above-mentioned integrated operation mode is for future fusion reactors and EAST devices to maintain high plasma confinement under high-parameter operating conditions, while maintaining a small boundary localized mode and heat load reaching the divertor target plate, and avoiding the occurrence of impurity cores , maintaining the long-pulse steady-state operation of the plasma, and even the realization of the final fusion energy are of great significance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种适用聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行方法，以同时满足EAST托卡马克装置及未来聚变堆装置高参数长脉冲运行的需要。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a steady-state, high-constraint, high-frequency, small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method suitable for fusion reactors, so as to meet the needs of high-parameter long-pulse operation of EAST tokamak devices and future fusion reactor devices.
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
适用聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行方法，其特征在于：在安全因子q95大于6的高安全因子q95条件下，极向比压大于1.6的高极向比压条件下，三角度大于0.55的高三角度条件下使聚变堆运行在高约束运行模式，实现一种稳态完全非感应的芯部高约束兼边界高频小幅度边界局域模的集成运行模式。The steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method suitable for fusion reactors is characterized in that: under the condition of a high safety factor q95 with a safety factor q95 greater than 6, the poloidal specific pressure is greater than 1.6. Under the condition of high pressure and high three angles greater than 0.55, the fusion reactor operates in a high-constraint operation mode, realizing a stable and completely non-inductive core high-constraint and boundary high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode integrated operation mode .
所述的适用聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行方法，其特征在于：能够在低动量注入条件下和低台基碰撞率情况下实现高约束运行模式。The steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method applicable to fusion reactors is characterized in that it can realize a high-constraint operation mode under the condition of low momentum injection and low platform collision rate.
所述的适用聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行方法，其特征在于：所述高约束运行模式对等离子体具有较高的约束能力，约束改善H98因子可达1.4。The steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method suitable for fusion reactors is characterized in that: the high-constraint operation mode has a high confinement ability for plasma, and the confinement improvement H 98 factor can reach 1.4 .
所述的适用聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行方法，其特征在于：所述高约束运行模式具有高的等离子体储能，高的自举电流份额，低的破裂风险。The steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method suitable for fusion reactors is characterized in that: the high-constraint operation mode has high plasma energy storage, high bootstrap current share, and low rupture risk.
所述的适用聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行方法，其特征在于：所述高约束运行模式具有等离子体边界高频小幅度边界局域模，所述边界局域模的频率超过1kHz，偏滤器靶板热流峰值远小于第一类边界局域模，接近于杂草型边界局域模。The steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary localized mode operation method applicable to fusion reactors is characterized in that: the high-constraint operation mode has a plasma boundary high-frequency small-amplitude boundary localized mode, and the boundary localized The frequency of the mode exceeds 1kHz, and the peak value of heat flux on the divertor target plate is much smaller than the first type of boundary localized mode, which is close to the weed type boundary localized mode.
与已有技术相比，本发明的有益效果体现在：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:
本发明提出了一种新的托卡马克运行模式概念设计方案，该设计运行在优化的高内感、高安全因子、高极向比压和高三角度条件下，获得高等离子体储能，高约束改善因子和幅度很小、频率超过1kHz的接近于杂草型的边界局域模。优化的高内感条件有助于获得更好的等离子体芯部约束。高安全因子条件能够显著降低等离子体破裂的风险。高极向比压条件能够获得较高的自举电流份额，有利于等离子体的稳态运行。高极向比压和高三角度条件有助于获得高频小幅度的边界局域模。该设计所要求的运行模式，可重复性强，具有良好的鲁棒性，可在低台基碰撞率和低动量注入条件下实现，与未来聚变反应堆的运行区间相兼容。该运行模式伴有的高频小幅度边界局域模有助解决第一壁瞬态热负荷问题，同时具有较强的粒子和杂质排除能力，避免等离子体芯部的杂质累积问题。The present invention proposes a new conceptual design scheme for the operation mode of the tokamak, which operates under optimized conditions of high internal inductance, high safety factor, high polar specific pressure, and high triangular angle to obtain high plasma energy storage and high Constrained improvement factors and boundary localized modes with small amplitudes and frequencies exceeding 1kHz are close to the weed type. The optimized high internal inductance conditions help to obtain better plasma core confinement. High safety factor conditions significantly reduce the risk of plasma breakage. The high polar specific pressure condition can obtain a higher bootstrap current share, which is beneficial to the steady-state operation of the plasma. High poloidal specific pressure and high three-angle conditions help to obtain high-frequency and small-amplitude boundary localized modes. The operation mode required by this design has strong repeatability and good robustness, and can be realized under the conditions of low platform collision rate and low momentum injection, and is compatible with the operation range of future fusion reactors. The high-frequency and small-amplitude boundary localized mode associated with this operation mode helps to solve the problem of transient heat load on the first wall, and at the same time has a strong ability to remove particles and impurities to avoid the accumulation of impurities in the plasma core.
这种运行方法是兼具等离子体芯部的高约束和等离子体边界高频小幅度边界局域模的集成运行模式，具有一个较宽的运行参数窗口，是比较理想的可能应用于反应堆级别的运行方法。This operation method is an integrated operation mode with both high confinement of the plasma core and high-frequency small-amplitude boundary localized modes at the plasma boundary. It has a wide operating parameter window and is ideal for reactor-level applications. run method.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行方法的技术方案示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the technical scheme of the steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation method.
图2为EAST装置实际实验的放电参数图。Fig. 2 is the discharge parameter diagram of the actual experiment of the EAST device.
图3为高频小幅度的边界局域模参数图。Figure 3 is a parameter diagram of the boundary local mode with high frequency and small amplitude.
图4为偏滤器靶板峰值热负荷参数图。Figure 4 is a parameter diagram of the peak thermal load of the divertor target plate.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1所示，适用于未来聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行模式，运行在优化的高内感、高边界安全因子、高极向比压和高三角度条件下。优化的高内感条件有助于获得更好的等离子体芯部约束。高边界安全因子条件能够有效降低等离子体破裂的风险。高极向比压条件能够获得高的自举电流份额。高极向比压和高三角度条件有助于获得高频小幅度的边界局域模。As shown in Figure 1, the steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary localized mode suitable for future fusion reactors operates under the optimized conditions of high internal inductance, high boundary safety factor, high polar specific pressure and high three-angle . The optimized high internal inductance conditions help to obtain better plasma core confinement. The high boundary safety factor condition can effectively reduce the risk of plasma breakage. The condition of high polar ratio voltage can obtain high bootstrap current share. High poloidal specific pressure and high three-angle conditions help to obtain high-frequency and small-amplitude boundary localized modes.
如图2所示，适用于未来聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行模式，在EAST装置上的具体实施，运行在高三角度条件下，三角度大于0.55，最高达0.65。所述高约束运行模式运行在高极向比压条件下，极向比压大于1.6，最高已超过2。所述高约束运行模式运行在高边界安全因子q95条件下，所述边界安全因子q95大于6。所述高约束运行模式运行在优化的高等离子体内感条件下，内感为1.1附近。所述高约束运行模式对等离子体具有好的约束能力，约束改善因子H98达1.4。所述高约束运行模式具有高的等离子体储能，最高储能超过210kJ。As shown in Figure 2, the steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary local mode operation mode suitable for future fusion reactors is implemented in the EAST device. It operates under high three-angle conditions, and the three-angle is greater than 0.55, up to 0.65 . The high-constraint operation mode operates under the condition of high directional specific pressure, and the polar specific pressure is greater than 1.6, and the highest has exceeded 2. The high-constraint operation mode operates under the condition of a high boundary safety factor q 95 , and the boundary safety factor q 95 is greater than 6. The high-constraint operation mode operates under optimized high plasma internal inductance conditions, and the internal inductance is around 1.1. The high confinement operation mode has a good confinement ability for plasma, and the confinement improvement factor H98 reaches 1.4. The high-constraint operation mode has high plasma energy storage, and the highest storage energy exceeds 210kJ.
如图3、图4所示，适用于未来聚变堆的稳态高约束高频小幅度边界局域模运行模式，具有等离子体边界高频小幅度边界局域模，其频率超过1kHz，接近于杂草型边界局域模，所造成的偏滤器靶板热流峰值小于2MW/m2，这远小于EAST装置目前的第一类边界局域模的8MW/m2左右的峰值热负荷。As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-amplitude boundary localized mode suitable for future fusion reactors has a plasma boundary high-frequency small-amplitude boundary localized mode, and its frequency exceeds 1kHz, close to The peak heat flow of the divertor target plate caused by the weed-type boundary localized mode is less than 2MW/m 2 , which is much smaller than the peak heat load of about 8MW/m 2 in the current first type of boundary localized mode of the EAST device.
本发明所提出的稳态高约束高频小边界局域模运行模式，适用于未来聚变堆和EAST托卡马克装置，有助于解决等离子体的高约束与边界局域模兼容的问题。同时，这种运行模式对等离子体具有好的约束能力，有效降低等离子体破裂风险，有利于等离子体稳态运行，且与未来聚变反应堆的运行区间相兼容，具有良好的鲁棒性和可重复性，是比较理想的可应用于未来聚变堆的运行模式。The steady-state high-constraint high-frequency small-boundary localized mode operation mode proposed by the invention is suitable for future fusion reactors and EAST tokamak devices, and helps to solve the problem of compatibility between high-constrained plasma and boundary localized modes. At the same time, this mode of operation has a good ability to restrain the plasma, effectively reduces the risk of plasma rupture, is conducive to the steady-state operation of the plasma, and is compatible with the operating range of future fusion reactors, and has good robustness and repeatability It is an ideal operation mode that can be applied to future fusion reactors.
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| CN112566350A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-26 | 西安交通大学 | Plasma energy storage system and energy storage method |
| CN112783033A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion plasma edge local area mode real-time control system and method |
| CN113792620A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-14 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Tokamak edge local area model real-time identification algorithm based on deep neural network |
| CN115023018A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-09-06 | 大连理工大学 | Discharge electrode for simulating boundary local mode |
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