CN1071409C - Electromagnet beam-pumping unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel electromagnetic oil pumping machine, which is mainly used for exploring petroleum from a stratum. The present invention is composed of a stroke transformation device, an idle work balance block and an electromagnetic force driver, and has the advantages of remarkably increasing the stroke of a polished rod, reducing the height of an electromagnetic force driver and reducing cost. The idle work balance block effectively reduces idle work in the process of pumping oil and improves efficiency. The electromagnetic force driver is installed in a position with a certain distance away from an oil well. As long as large force is generated, oil can be normally pumped. Under the control of a programmable controller, two or a plurality of coils can be simultaneously energized to generate twice or many times of electromagnetic force. Thus, operability and maintainability are enhanced, and production and manufacture are simplified.

Description

The balanced type electromagnetic pumping unit

The present invention relates to the equipment technical field of producing oil from well, specifically is a kind of pumping unit that is mainly used in recover petroleum from the stratum.

Oil field, the present world, the well number of mechanical oil recovery is more than 90%, and wherein the sucker rod pumping well accounts for more than 90% of mechanical producing well again.According to statistics at the beginning of the nineties, sucker rod pumping equipment still tops the list and wants the status, and wherein China accounts for 91%, and the U.S. accounts for 85%, and the former Soviet Union accounts for about 75%.Sucker rod pumping equipment utilizes the motivational drive rod string to pump and pump, and the above ground portion of sucker rod pumping equipment is pumping unit, and most widely used so far is beam pumping unit.Through development, the improvement and perfect of decades, formed the sucker rod pumping machine of polytype slide beam and no slide beam.Which kind of but no matter the sucker rod pumping machine of form, all form by power engine, retarder, double-action mechanism, frame and the rope hanger etc. that is connected pumping unit under ground portion (polished rod, sucker rod, unidirectional fuel tap etc.).Their basic functional principle is: retarder is reduced to low speed with the high speed rotary motion of power engine, make the rope hanger that is suspended from the frame become straight line motion through double-action mechanism, thereby the drive subsurface reaches the sucker rod of 1～3km to pump, and by unidirectional fuel tap oil is extracted out ground.The maximum characteristics of this class pumping unit are can be round-the-clock in field operations, the reliability height; In addition, underground sucker rod etc. is easy to maintenance with ground double-action mechanism.Yet its efficient is low, and the transmission system link is many, and mechanical friction loss is bigger.According to its working principle, in the oil pumping process of polished rod upstroke, the weight of extracting oil column out only accounts for the sub-fraction of gross weight (weight sums such as oil column weight and polished rod, sucker rod, fuel tap); Prepare to flog a dead horse, thereby restrict the raising of efficient in the oil pumping process in the polished rod down stroke.In addition, according to differences such as stroke of polished rod, specified suspension point loads, must be divided into more than ten model, thereby increase the type kind and the complexity of product again, improve cost.The inventor once proposed electromagnetic pumping unit (patent No. 97121959.1) in December, 1997.It is that a kind of electromagnetic force of utilizing directly drives the new ideas sucker rod pumping machine that polished rod drive sucker rod pumps.It is fixing coaxially with a series of coils, and under the control of highly reliable programmable controller, N coil pulse energising (remaining disconnection) produces this armature piston motion of electromagnetic attracting force; Next is N+1 coil pulse energising constantly, produces electromagnetic attracting force armature piston and continue motion; Repeat this process, move up or down thereby directly drive polished rod drive sucker rod.This electromagnetic pumping unit is not only reliable, and simple in structure, efficient is higher; Owing to adopted modern program control technology, changed stroke, the jig frequency of oil pumping easily.Yet, it also exists some not enough: one, owing to it is fixedly mounted on the oil well, with direct driving sucker rod, make the maintenance of subsurface equipment (as sucker rod, oil pump etc.) and other operation be difficult to carry out, and this maintenance to all over the world up to a million mouthfuls similarly oil wells be essential.Its two, it does not overcome the low major defect of former efficiency of the pumping unit at all, polished rod, sucker rod and fuel tap etc. still pump and are doing idle work.Its three, this electromagnetic pumping unit increases stroke, is that mat increases the coil number and realizes; Improving specified polished rod load is that mat increase coil current is finished; When big stroke (for example 6m), big load (for example 200kN), to consume copper material a lot of, thereby improved cost.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of balanced type electromagnetic pumping unit, it can further improve the efficient of pumping unit, strengthens maintainalbility, reduces cost, and simplifies its producing process.

The present invention is achieved in that a kind of balanced type electromagnetic pumping unit, comprise that support, the overarm of single horse head lever and horse head oil rig (are prior art, in following examples, constitute) by wire rope, polished rod, sucker rod, unidirectional fuel tap etc., the other end that it is characterized in that hanging oneself from a beam is provided with a power horse head, the power horse head links to each other with the wire rope that is connected with equilibrium block, and wire rope links to each other with electromagnetic driver; The structure of electromagnetic driver is: have M coaxial coil, be provided with sliding sleeve in the coil, between coil and coil outside is provided with the magnetic circuit iron core, the armature piston that links to each other with wire rope is arranged in the sliding sleeve, and be provided with the control circuit that makes two neighbouring coil blackouts of armature piston and pulse electrifying when the armature piston descends.Its magneto drive principle is with above-mentioned prior art.

Above-mentioned armature piston can be 1,2 or several, is interrupted each other, and is provided with the control circuit that makes two neighbouring coil blackouts of each armature piston and pulse electrifying.To realize that segmentation drives, and reduces cost.Above-mentioned armature piston also plays the effect of inner equilibrium piece simultaneously.

Above-mentioned pumping unit, preferably making the lever two power wall length of hanging oneself from a beam is adjustable structure.Regulate the support position of the fulcrum and promptly play this effect.

The present invention can realize the purpose of inventing having improved efficient, has strengthened maintenance, has simplified processing technology, has reduced cost.

Be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.

Fig. 1 is its structural representation.

Referring to Fig. 1.

This kind electromagnetic pumping unit is made up of stroke converter, idle work equilibrium block and electromagnetic driver.Change the overarm fulcrum of stroke converter, the ratio of the both sides arm of force of then hanging oneself from a beam changes, and stroke is changed.The idle work equilibrium block is most of from weight in order to offset the polished rod that pumps all the time in the oil pumping process, sucker rod, fuel tap etc.Electromagnetic driver be installed in leave oil well and with 3 on support in line, only need to produce the electromagnetic force of being a bit larger tham and just can normally pump by oil pumping post weight; Its driver part also has one or several inner equilibrium pieces on the armature piston; Under the control of programmable controller, two or several coils are switched on simultaneously, the electromagnetic force that produces twice or be several times as much as single coil drives polished rod indirectly, sucker rod pumps.The stroke converter is a two horse head levers overarm 6, it by a minor axis and Bearing Installation thereof in the upper end of support 13, to form fulcrum.When its fulcrum moves to overarm 6 right sides, can increase the stroke of polished rod 9; Be moved to the left fulcrum, then reduce stroke.When need regulating stroke, will hang oneself from a beam and 6 hang down, also fix with liquid (oil) press traversing carriage 13 to desired location on platform.These parts all are cheaply, the utilized oil field existing equipment transformation of the way that has.Lever 6 one ends of hanging oneself from a beam are connected with polished rod 9, sucker rod 10, unidirectional fuel tap 12 etc. by wire rope 8, and the other end is connected with outer equilibrium block 4, inner equilibrium piece 3, armature piston 2 by wire rope 5; As fulcrum, the arm of force Lo of oil well one side and the arm of force Le ratio of electromagnetic driver one side are changed with the stroke adjustment hole 7 of diverse location, thereby changed the ratio of both sides strokes.For example: if Lo/Le=2/1, armature piston 2 moves up and down 3m so, just can make polished rod 9 move up and down 6m, and certainly the tractive force of electromagnetic driver one side also will increase and be twice.Because the given shape of two horse heads, when two horse head overarms 6 were moved, wire rope 5,8 was tangent, vertical with the horse head surface all the time; And they are with horse head surface or contact or break away from, and do not produce slip, thus the disadvantage of wire rope because of causing wire rope to be easy to damage when having avoided installing through year in year out sliding friction with pulley and so on.Obviously, change the distance that moves up and down of the armature 2 of electromagnetic driver and internal and external equilibrium piece 3,4, also can change the stroke of polished rod 9.Outer equilibrium block 4, the 3 main balanced actions that play the minimizing idle work of inner equilibrium piece.If Lo=Le, establishing again each time and being drawn out of oil column weight in the oil pumping process is 10kN, and the weight sum of polished rod 9, sucker rod 10 and unidirectional fuel tap 12 etc. is 90kN, regulates outer equilibrium block 4, inner equilibrium piece 3, make it with armature piston 2 weight sums be 80kN.Electromagnetic driver just can make polished rod move upward and pump as long as produce the power of working energetically 20kN so, and this moment, idle work reduced: (90kN-10kN)/and 90kN=88.8%; In preparing oil pumping process, a side such as polished rod is finished oil pumping preparatory work with the free fall of 10kN nt wt net weight.One side such as polished rod 9 grades will have certain weight free fall, immerses oil reservoir with the resistance that overcomes oil well PetroChina Company Limited. 11 and finishes oil pumping preparatory work, and then equilibrium block can not be overweight for this.If equilibrium block kicks the beam, not only can increase idle work and reduce efficient, and can make the suffered impact force that falls such as polished rod 9 excessive and influence the pumping unit smooth working.According to the different requirements of different oil wells, this free fall nt wt net weight is advisable with 5～20kN.Another effect of inner equilibrium piece 3 will be described hereinafter.Electromagnetic driver is the power source of balanced type electromagnetic pumping unit, is positioned at the opposite side of support 13, and it does not directly drive sucker rod.It mainly is made up of M identical coaxial coil 1, armature piston 2 and inner equilibrium piece 3.Though it also is to utilize 380V to exchange primary power under Controlled by Programmable Controller, making in M the coil certain pass to impulsive current produces electromagnetic attracting force armature piston 2 and pumps, finish the oil pumping overall process, but following characteristics have been compared with former electromagnetic pumping unit: first, mat stroke conversion equipment, it is fixedly mounted on from the oil well mouth suitably apart from part, has abdicated essential space for the maintenance of oil well and other operation.Second, by outer equilibrium block 4, inner equilibrium piece 3 and the 2 simply and effectively balanced actions of armature piston, offset most of idle work, if with much smaller electromagnetic attraction (in most cases be former electromagnetic pumping unit 1/10 in addition littler), just can normally pump.And the set-up procedure of at every turn pumping, all coils all need not the energising, no matter polished rod 9 grades finish the oil pumping set-up procedure from the weight free fall, thereby can raise the efficiency significantly.The 3rd, two times or several times of hub of a spool distances have increased an inner equilibrium piece 3 on armature piston 2.If the distance of two coil centerlines is d, during oil pumping under Controlled by Programmable Controller certain coil electricity produce electromagnetic attraction armature piston 2 moved downward; Making simultaneously also switches on apart from the coil at this coil 2d place produces electromagnetic attracting force inner equilibrium piece 3 and moves downward simultaneously; Because back one hot-wire coil is far away apart from armature piston 2, it can be ignored the pulling force that armature 2 makes progress.Inner equilibrium piece 3 is also made of soft iron, and 2d place still can increase by one or several inner equilibrium pieces (this moment, equilibrium block also played the armature effect) more thereon, so that three times of three coils or several coils electricity generations simultaneously or be several times as much as the electromagnetic attraction work of single coil.This structure, electromagnetic attraction can double or several times under the identical situation of coil current, and this is of great use when the static starting of pumping unit especially; This measure can reduce the line footpath of electrical current and coiling copper material under the identical situation of driving force, reduce cost thereby reduce copper loss.The 4th, for the running parameter of stroke of polished rod 0.3～6m and specified suspension point load 20～200kN, the beam pumping unit that more than 10 kind of model of need is traditional is corresponding with it; And former electromagnetic pumping unit maximum stroke also must reach 6m, and the coil maximum allowed current also must have multiple value corresponding with it, therefore causes multiple coil.And the balanced type electromagnetic pumping unit here is quite different, and maximum stroke 3m is enough; Because actual driving force needs only 5～20kN, a kind of coil can meet the demands.This has further reduced cost again, has also simplified processing, production to pumping unit.The 5th, its stroke and driving force, but not only mat increases the coil number, coil current is finely tuned, but and mat stroke converter carry out coarse adjustment.14 is the sliding sleeve of nonmagnetic substance, and 15 is the magnetic circuit iron core of magnetic material.

The balanced type electromagnetic pumping unit is compared with widely used in the world beam pumping unit so far, compares with the electromagnetic pumping unit that patent 97121959.1 is proposed, and it can reduce the idle work loss significantly, thereby raises the efficiency; Simplified processing technology, reduced cost thereby reduce raw materials consumption; Fully take into account actual use condition, strengthened maintainalbility; Owing to adopt control technique able to programme, and stroke and driving force be easy to change, thus it theoretical and engineering development will have important impetus to petroleum production.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of balanced type electromagnetic pumping unit, comprise support (13), the overarm of single horse head lever (6) and horse head oil rig, the other end that it is characterized in that hanging oneself from a beam also is provided with a horse head, and horse head links to each other with the wire rope that is connected with equilibrium block (4) (5), and wire rope (5) links to each other with electromagnetic driver; The structure of electromagnetic driver is: have M coaxial coil (1), be provided with sliding sleeve (14) in the coil, between coil and coil outside is provided with magnetic circuit iron core (15), the armature piston (2) that links to each other with wire rope (5) is arranged in the sliding sleeve (14), and be provided with the control circuit that makes two neighbouring coil blackouts of armature piston (2) and pulse electrifying when armature piston (2) descends.

2, pumping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the armature piston is 2 of being interrupted or several, and is provided with the control circuit that makes two neighbouring coil blackouts of each armature piston and pulse electrifying.

3, pumping unit according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that lever overarm (6) two power wall length are adjustable structure.