CN107140937B - 一种类珍珠质层材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种类珍珠质层材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种类珍珠质层材料及其制备方法和应用,所述类珍珠质层材料的制备方法如下:S1:配制氯化钙和氨基酸的混合溶液,所述氯化钙和氨基酸摩尔比为1~10:1~10;S2:称量碳酸铵固体于容器中,并用封口膜密封容器;所述封口膜上扎有若干小孔,所述碳酸铵与氯化钙的摩尔比为100~150:1~2;S3:将S2所述容器和S1用于盛放混合溶液的容器置于干燥器中,于25~30℃条件下反应30~45天;将混合溶液干燥即得所述类珍珠质层材料。本发明提供的类珍珠质层材料无论在晶型晶貌还是物质组成上均与珍珠自身性质相似,X射线粉末衍射和傅里叶红外光谱证实本发明提供的类珍珠质层材料确实存在文石晶型。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及仿生合成生物材料技术领域,具体地,涉及一种类珍珠质层材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
自古以来,就有“东珠不如西珠,西珠不如南珠”之说,南珠泛指我国广东、广西、海南沿海所产珍珠。近年,由于养殖环境的恶化及母贝品质的退化,海水养殖珍珠的产量逐渐减少,劣质珍珠的占比不断增高,对有针对性的优化工艺要求不断增高,导致优化工艺中重要的漂白工艺难以把控,造成近60%的珍珠表面的脱落和破损,形成白雾珠、珠质剥落珠以及麻点珠这些残次珠,失去商品价值;另一方面,90%以上的天然及养殖海水珍珠中都混有杂质,更加制约了海水珍珠业的可持续发展。
天然珍珠是贝类外套膜的上皮细胞受到外来物的刺激向内凹陷,形成珍珠囊,珍珠囊分泌珍珠质包裹住外来物,形成的矿物球粒。珍珠中95%为无机相的碳酸钙,5%由蛋白质和多糖组成,具有典型的珍珠光泽,光泽柔和且带有虹晕色彩,硬度为2.5~4.5。珍珠由内至外分别是无定型基质层、棱柱层(方解石晶层)和珍珠层(文石晶层)。在不存在杂色物质的情况下,组成珍珠层的文石板片排列越规则越厚,珍珠的光泽越强,质量越好,文石晶层一般呈平板状,但也存在弯曲状。相关研究表明,珍珠中文石晶片和有机基质形成了高度有序的初级结构,使珍珠层的断裂功大约为文石晶片的3000倍、断裂强度比纯文石增大了数十倍。据此,在模拟生物矿化过程的基础上,探讨珍珠层的微结构特征及其特殊的组装方式将有利于类珍珠层材料的合成。
目前对生物材料的仿生合成研究较多、制备方法多样,有学者通过物理手段合成了叠层复合材料,但在力学性能和韧性机制方面效果不理想。清华大学研究团队利用生物方法取合浦珠母贝外套膜细胞进行培养以对其矿化功能进行研究,实验发现:只有当外套膜细胞和外套膜细胞的分泌物同时存在时才可以制得形貌大小各异的晶体,但对外套膜细胞分泌物的提取程序繁琐且条件较严格,提取的含量也很少,因此有一定的局限性。利用化学方法则选用不同的多糖、蛋白质、生物小分子、无机小分子、有机聚合物等作为添加剂以调控碳酸钙的结晶如Kotachi以壳聚糖为模板,不同时间段分别获得了菱形方解石聚集体,高度有序的球文石墙状超结构、柱状文石聚集体;冯庆玲也以胶原蛋白为模板得到了多层片状方解石和球状方解石聚集体;以天冬氨酸为有机质模板调控出了球霰石型碳酸钙晶体;在乙醇作溶剂的条件下加入镁离子则得到了六角星形的方解石晶体;Mann等以硬脂酸单分子膜诱导方解石和球文石的形成,以十八胺单分子膜诱导球文石生成。虽然,研究者得到了不同形貌的文石相碳酸钙,但其与生物体内的碳酸钙珍珠层还存在差距。
因此,仍需研究一种于碳酸钙珍珠层较为接近的类珍珠质层材料,以丰富对珍珠生物矿化机理的认识,为珍珠优化工艺及仿生生物材料的合成提供探索新的途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种类珍珠质层材料,本发明提供的类珍珠质层材料无论在晶型晶貌还是物质组成上均与珍珠自身性质相似,X射线粉末衍射和傅里叶红外光谱证实本发明提供的类珍珠质层材料确实存在文石晶型。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述类珍珠质层材料的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述类珍珠质层材料在涂料、造纸、油墨、化学建材中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种类珍珠质层材料,所述类珍珠质层材料的制备方法如下:
S1:配制氯化钙溶液和氨基酸溶液,混合得到混合溶液,所述氯化钙和氨基酸的摩尔比为1~10:1~10,所述氨基酸均为L型,精氨酸、赖氨酸、丙氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、谷氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸按体积比为56:45:40:31:49:57:12:72:25:33:51:32:20:201:1:18配制而得;
S2:称量碳酸铵固体于容器中,并用封口膜密封容器;所述封口膜上扎有若干小孔,所述碳酸铵与氯化钙的摩尔比为100~150:1~2;
S3:将S2所述容器和S1用于盛放混合溶液的容器置于干燥器中,于25~30℃条件下反应30~45天;将混合溶液干燥即得所述类珍珠质层材料。
本发明提供的类珍珠质层材料在低倍镜下可以看到明显的沉积,高倍镜下观察到出现文石层和方解石层互层结构,与珍珠内部结构中珍珠层与棱柱层互层相似。并且方解石层排列规则,生长到一定高度即停止,文石纳米颗粒自组装形成文石晶片在方解石层上横向生长进一步验证了前人研究珍珠层的生长提出的模板理论的正确性。
优选地,S1中,所述氯化钙和氨基酸的摩尔比为1~10:1~10。
优选地,S1中,所述氯化钙和氨基酸的摩尔比为1:1。
优选地,S2中,所述碳酸铵与氯化钙的摩尔比为100~150:1~2。
优选地,S2中,所述碳酸铵与氯化钙的摩尔比为150:1。
优选地,S3中,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为30天。
优选地,S1中,所述氯化钙溶液的浓度为10mmol/L,所述各氨基酸溶液的浓度为10mmol/L。
上述类珍珠质层材料在涂料、造纸、油墨、化学建材中的应用也在本发明的保护范围之内。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供的类珍珠质层材料无论在晶型晶貌还是物质组成上均与珍珠自身性质相似,X射线粉末衍射和傅里叶红外光谱证实本发明提供的类珍珠质层材料确实存在文石晶型。本发明提供的类珍珠质层材料的制备方法可以在珍珠残缺部位进行原位自组装,对优化加工中造成的残次珍珠进行仿生修复;同时可以丰富对珍珠生物矿化机理的认识,为珍珠优化工艺及仿生生物材料的合成提供探索的新途径。
附图说明
图1 实验所用海水养殖珍珠外表面扫描电镜图;
图2为实施例1制备得到的类珍珠质层材料在低倍镜下的扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例1制备得到的类珍珠质层材料在高倍镜下的扫描电镜图;
图4 实验所用海水养殖珍珠的傅里叶红外光谱图;
图5为实施例1制备得到的类珍珠质层材料的傅里叶红外光谱图;
图6为实施例1制备得到的类珍珠质层材料的X射线粉末衍射谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下例实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照本领域常规条件或按照制造厂商建议的条件。本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
实施例1 类珍珠质层材料的制备
取经1mol/l氢氧化钠乙醇(95%)溶液清洗过的玻璃棒若干、500ml烧杯、100ml烧杯各一个、5cm×5cm载玻片2片,并将所用载玻片及实验所用的量筒、移液管、玻璃棒、容量瓶、烧杯均需在1mol/l氢氧化钠乙醇溶液(95%)中浸泡3h后用蒸馏水清洗,放入恒温干燥箱中50℃烘干以备用。选取经蒸馏水洗涤过的干燥的残次流沙湾海水养殖珍珠10颗。
(1)用移液管移取10mmol/l氨基酸溶液100ml于500ml烧杯中;用100ml量筒量取100ml浓度为10mmol/l的氯化钙溶液于上述500ml烧杯中,制得氨基酸和氯化钙混合溶液,搅拌备用;将载玻片缓慢放入500ml的烧杯底部避免重叠,放入残次南珠10颗避免叠加在载玻片上;
(2)称取15g碳酸铵于100ml烧杯中用parafilm封口,使用医用注射器在盛有碳酸铵的烧杯的封口膜上均匀的地扎出小孔;
(3)将500ml烧杯置入300mm的玻璃干燥器中,后放入扎有小孔的300ml烧杯,盖上盖子,室温25℃反应1个月;反应完成后,用镊子夹出珍珠和载玻片于滤纸上,自然风干,即得类珍珠质层材料。
上述1mol/l氢氧化钠乙醇(95%)溶液,10mmol/l氯化钙溶液、100ml10mmol/l氨基酸溶液的配制如下:
所述1mol/l氢氧化钠乙醇溶液(95%)的配制,用电子天平称取120g氢氧化钠于500ml烧杯中;取950ml无水乙醇用玻璃棒引流至1000ml容量瓶中,加蒸馏水定容至刻度线,制得95%乙醇;取95%乙醇倒入盛有氢氧化钠的烧杯中,同时用玻璃棒搅拌,另取1000ml容量瓶,倒入乙醇(95%)氢氧化钠混合溶液,用乙醇(95%)定容至刻度线即可。
所述10mmol/l氯化钙溶液的配制,用分析天平称取1.1098g无水氯化钙置于100ml烧杯中加蒸馏水溶解,倒入1000ml容量瓶中加水定容至刻度线即可。
所述10mmol/l氨基酸溶液的配制,用分析天平称取精氨酸0.1742g、赖氨酸0.1462g、丙氨酸0.0891g、苏氨酸0.1191g、甘氨酸0.0751g、丝氨酸0.1051g、脯氨酸0.1151g、组氨酸0.1552g、天冬氨酸0.1331g、苯丙氨酸0.1652g、缬氨酸0.1171g、亮氨酸0.1312g、异亮氨酸0.1312g、蛋氨酸0.1492g、谷氨酸0.1471g、半胱氨酸0.1212g、酪氨酸0.1812g用100ml容量瓶加水定容至刻度线即可,用移液管分别取上述10mmol/l氨基酸溶液——精氨酸7.5ml、赖氨酸6.1ml、丙氨酸5.4ml、苏氨酸4.2ml、甘氨酸6.6ml、丝氨酸3.9ml、脯氨酸3.8ml、组氨酸1.6ml、天冬氨酸9.7ml、苯丙氨酸3.3ml、缬氨酸4.4ml、亮氨酸6.9ml、异亮氨酸4.3ml、蛋氨酸2.7ml、谷氨酸27.1ml、半胱氨酸0.1ml、酪氨酸2.4ml共100ml与500ml烧杯中即可。
性能测试
一、扫描电镜分析
用镊子和钳子小心地夹碎作为基底的珍珠,取结构较完整且无损伤并有明显沉积的珍珠碎片进行喷金处理,选用HITACHI S-4800扫描电镜分别在高倍镜和低倍镜下观察珍珠碎片的外表面(图1、2、3),得到与海水珍珠中棱柱层与珍珠质层互层相似的结构。
二、傅里叶红外光谱分析
粉末样品前处理:红外灯下烘烤溴化钾至石英研钵中研磨溴化钾时为细白状粉末且不会互相粘即可,溴化钾与样品比例按1:100加入实验中从载玻片上刮取的样品和实验中作为反应基底的海水养殖珍珠粉末,压片机压成透明薄片;
上机测试:傅里叶红外光谱仪美国Perkin-Elmer spectrum 100分辨率优于0.2cm-1,波数范围4000~400cm-1下对实验所用海水养殖珍珠和制备的类珍珠质层进行光谱分析;
结果表明:本实验中作为基底的海水珍珠的红外光谱吸收峰为:3442、2510、1787、1477、1084、868、713、699cm-1,其中1477、868cm-1为强吸收峰其余为弱吸收峰(如图4);合成的类珍珠质层的红外光谱吸收峰为:3434、2527、1792、1484、1080、864、712、698cm-1,其中3434、1484、864cm-1为强吸收峰其余为弱吸收峰(如图5),表明合成的类珍珠质层与所用海水珍珠的组成相似。
三、XRD数据分析
载玻片样品由中山大学测试中心检测,实验条件为瑞影(Empyrean)X射线衍射仪铜靶Kα射线,电压40kV,电流40mA,发射狭缝1/2°,防散射狭缝1°,防散射狭缝8.0mm,2θ范围:20°-60°,步长0.02°,每步停留时间80s。优质海水养殖珍珠XRD谱图几近文石标准谱,具有方解石3.03微弱峰,96%为文石相、4%为方解石。对实验所得粉末样品进行XRD分析得到衍射图谱(如图5),测试得到的衍射数据如下表1所示,
表1 实施例制备得到的类珍珠质层材料的衍射数据
上表1中,Pos为2θ即峰位、Height为峰高、d-spacing为晶面间距、Rel.Int为相对强度、Area为峰面积,文石粉晶d值和相对强度为:3.396(1)、3.273(0.52)、1.977(0.65),结合文石PDF卡片41-1475。可见实验制得的类珍珠层材料中晶体的晶型有文石和球文石及方解石,进一步证实了红外得到的结论。
Claims (6)
1.一种类珍珠质层材料,其特征在于,所述类珍珠质层材料的制备方法如下:S1:配制氯化钙溶液和氨基酸溶液,混合得到混合溶液,所述氯化钙和氨基酸的摩尔比为1~10:1~10,所述氨基酸均为L型,精氨酸、赖氨酸、丙氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、谷氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸按体积比为75:61:54:42:66:39:38:16:97:33:44:69:43:27:271:1:24配制而得;
S2:称量碳酸铵固体于容器中,并用封口膜密封容器;所述封口膜上扎有若干小孔,所述碳酸铵与氯化钙的摩尔比为100~150:1~2;
S3:将S2所述容器和S1用于盛放混合溶液的容器置于干燥器中,于25~30℃条件下反应30~45天;将混合溶液干燥即得所述类珍珠质层材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述类珍珠质层材料,其特征在于,S1中,所述氯化钙和氨基酸的摩尔比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述类珍珠质层材料,其特征在于,S2中,所述碳酸铵与氯化钙的摩尔比为150:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述类珍珠质层材料,其特征在于,S3中,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为30天。
5.根据权利要求1所述类珍珠质层材料,其特征在于,S1中,所述氯化钙溶液的浓度为10mmol/L,所述各氨基酸溶液的浓度均为10mmol/L。
6.权利要求1~5任一所述类珍珠质层材料在涂料、造纸、油墨、化学建材中的应用。
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CN105011488A (zh) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-11-04 | 广东海洋大学 | 一种漂白废珠的表面修饰液及其修饰废珠的方法 |
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