CN107138733B - Ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares device, method and the 3D printing system of metal powder - Google Patents
Ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares device, method and the 3D printing system of metal powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN107138733B CN107138733B CN201710557437.9A CN201710557437A CN107138733B CN 107138733 B CN107138733 B CN 107138733B CN 201710557437 A CN201710557437 A CN 201710557437A CN 107138733 B CN107138733 B CN 107138733B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/17—Auxiliary heating means to heat the build chamber or platform
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/20—Cooling means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
- B22F12/33—Platforms or substrates translatory in the deposition plane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
- B22F12/37—Rotatable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses device, method and 3D printing systems that a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder, comprising: ultrasonic vibration system, ultrasonic variable amplitude device, wire, fastening system, wire feed system and heat source；Ultrasonic vibration system is connect with ultrasonic variable amplitude device, and the ultrasonic variable amplitude device is tubular or cavity at least is arranged in front end；The wire passes through the cavity by wire feed system；Fastening system is set on the ultrasonic variable amplitude device；The exit position of the cavity is arranged in the heat source.The invention has the advantages that: the loads using wire as amplitude transformer to carry out ultrasonic vibration atomization, can carry out under vacuum conditions, not consume inert gas, powder is avoided to pollute；The mode of continuous wire feed continuously powder processed can be used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the dresses that metal 3D printing technique field more particularly to a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization prepare metal powder
Set, working method and with its be auxiliary 3d print system.
Background technique
Metal 3D printing (also referred to as increasing material manufacturing, Quick-forming) technology mainly has silk/powder melt deposition method and powder constituency
Fusion method etc..Powder selective melting method is usually first to prepare spherical powder with fuel pulverizing plant, is then carried out using 3D printing equipment
Cloth powder, selective melting and gradually forming obtain the part of required shape and performance.Powder processed and forming process are usually in different dresses
It is respectively completed in setting, technique and equipment are all extremely complex, and cost is high.
The method for preparing spherical powder at present mainly has inert gas atomizer, radio frequency plasma are atomized, are rotating electrode atomized
Etc., equipment is expensive, inefficiency, and powder is easy to oxidize.
Ultrasonic atomizatio prepares metal powder, is cavitation and tension wave effect using ultrasonic wave, metal bath is broken
It is broken into fine drop, becomes spherical powder after solidification, generally comprises the modes such as supersonic gas atomization and ultrasonic activation atomization.It is super
Sound wave aerosolization is to combine ultrasonic wave with gas atomization, gentle using ultrasonic vibrational energy such as the Kohlswa technique of Sweden
Stream impact kinetic energy keeps liquid stream broken, aerosolization efficiency can be improved, but aerosolization needs to consume a large amount of inert gas, Er Qierong
Easily form hollow bead and satellite particle.The ultrasonic activation atomization that Ruthardt is proposed is that metal bath is flow to ultrasonic tool
Head surface upper berth transforms into liquid film, is smashed by ultrasonic wave, evokes into drop and fly out from vibration plane and be frozen into spherical powder.Ultrasonic wave
Vibratory atomizer can prepare metal powder under vacuum conditions, avoid the influence of gas medium, but by amplitude transformer and tool heads material
The limitation of material, this method are bad to refractory metal adaptability, and generation when Ultrasonic probe is in contact with metal bath
Cavitation corrosion.
Wang Zhigang, Wu Shengju et al. are loaded the metal bar of powder to be made as the amplitude transformer of ultrasonic transducer, are connected to
The output end of amplitude transformer, and the anode as arc plasma generator vibrate it according to ultrasonic transducer working frequency,
Metal bar top end surface is melted using plasma heating, and is atomized into powder under ultrasonic wave effect.Not due to metal bar
Disconnected to be consumed, frequency changes, and gradually loses the condition of resonance, atomization, can not achieve continuous powder by atomization.
Chinese patent CN201310377275.2 discloses the ultrasonic atomizatio preparation facilities and system of a kind of globular metallic powder
Metal bar material is mounted in amplitude transformer by Preparation Method, is made its fusing using plasma arc bombardment bar, is then passed through ultrasonic vibration
It is atomized molten metal and is frozen into spherical powder.This device still has the problem of being unable to continuous production, and cannot be true
Sky is lower to be used, powder vulnerable to pollution.
The heat source that 3D printing forming uses has the high energy beams such as laser, electron beam, makes its hair in irradiation to the powder bed of tiling
Raw selection fusing (or sintering).Electron beam is compared with laser, with capacity usage ratio is high, depth of interaction is big, material absorptivity is high
And the advantages that stablizing, but electron beam acts on spherical powder and easily " blowing powder " (powder is defeated and dispersed) occurs.It is asked to solve this
Topic is general using the methods of aspherical powder and the pre-heating powder of arranging in pairs or groups.Powder is preheated by bottom plate, it is thick with scanning part
Degree increases, and thermal resistance increases.
In conclusion existing metal 3D printing technique has the following technical problems:
(1) globular metallic powder needed for 3D printing, existing preparation method need to consume a large amount of inert gases, and powder is storing up
It is easy to oxidize during fortune.
(2) conventional ultrasound vibratory atomizer powder, is not suitable for refractory metal；With flour gold category to be made directly as luffing
When the load of bar carries out powder by atomization, because metal consumption causes frequency to change, it is difficult to continuously powder processed.
(3) conventional 3D printing technique is separately to carry out powder processed with printing, needs different devices, cost is too high, powder
It is easy to oxidize in storage and transport process.In addition when 3D printing has harsh requirement, especially electron beam to print to powder shape and granularity
" blowing powder " problem is difficult to solve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve above-mentioned problem, provide a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization to prepare metal powder
Device, working method and with its be auxiliary 3d print system, can under vacuum or other atmosphere continuously atomization preparation Gao Rong
Point metal powder, powder processed and 3D printing are integrated into an equipment, can common heat source, on demand powder processed, can control powder shape,
Granularity and temperature increase the cohesive force between powder, solve the problems, such as " blowing powder ".
To achieve the above object, concrete scheme of the invention is as follows:
A kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares the device of metal powder, comprising: ultrasonic vibration system, ultrasonic variable amplitude dress
It sets, wire, fastening system, wire feed system and heat source；
The ultrasonic vibration system is connect with ultrasonic variable amplitude device, and the ultrasonic variable amplitude device is for tubular or extremely
It is few that in front end, cavity is set；The wire passes through the cavity by wire feed system；On the ultrasonic variable amplitude device
Fastening system is set；The exit position of the cavity is arranged in the heat source.
Further, the ultrasonic variable amplitude device is single amplitude transformer, and the amplitude transformer is for tubular or at least preceding
Cavity is arranged in end.
Further, the fastening system includes locker and applicator；The locker is fixed on the front end of amplitude transformer,
The locker locks the front end of wire in no external force；The applicator is fixed in amplitude transformer, can generate pressure
Elastically-deformable power is tightly brought it about on locker.
Further, the ultrasonic variable amplitude device is the combination of at least two amplitude transformers, the combined luffing rod
At center cavity.
Further, the fastening system includes locker and applicator；The locker is fixed in amplitude transformer, is passed through
At least two amplitude transformer groups are combined into an entirety by coupling mechanism force；The applicator is fixed in amplitude transformer, can be generated and is pressed on
Elastically-deformable power is brought it about on locker.
Further, upper on the applicator that cooler is set, amplitude transformer is played when with amplitude transformer work end in contact
Cooling effect.
Further, the wire front is locked, and wire leaves the rear portion of cavity by way of flexible deformation
It is bent set angle, to keep a segment length of wire extensional vibration as fixed value.
A kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares the working method of the device of metal powder, comprising the following steps:
(1) wire is locked device locking, and stretches out one segment length of amplitude transformer；
(2) the energy size and scan path of heat source are adjusted, Source is thermally formed liquid gold in wire end
Belong to film；
(3) ultrasonic vibration system, which generates ultrasonic vibration, makes liquid metal film atomization be emitted into powder；
(4) ultrasonic wave stops vibration, and applicator applies relaxation force on locker, is detached from locker with wire and connects
Touching；
(5) wire is pushed forward certain length by wire feed system, to keep the length for stretching out one section of amplitude transformer constant；
(6) applicator lays down relaxation force, and the coupling mechanism force of locker makes wire be locked again.
Further, by change ultrasonic wave frequency and molten metal layer thickness change metal powder pattern,
Granularity；
The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is by changing the frequency for the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic vibration system generates and changing metal
The length of silk load patch is adjusted；
The thickness of the molten metal layer is adjusted by the energy size and irradiation time for changing heat source.
A kind of 3D printing system, comprising: ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares the device and work station subsystem of metal powder；
Metal powder, the metal powder deposition of the preparation are prepared by the device that ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder
To work station subsystem；
The heat source of the device of metal powder is prepared to the metal powder for depositing to work station subsystem by ultrasonic vibration atomization
End carries out selective melting；
By position adjusting mechanism adjust wire and work station subsystem at a distance from, the irradiation angle of heat source and energy ginseng
Number changes temperature, shape, the granularity of deposited metal powder, prevents " blowing powder ".
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1) using wire as amplitude transformer, load carries out ultrasonic vibration atomization, can carry out, not consume lazy under vacuum conditions
Property gas, avoids powder from polluting；The mode of continuous wire feed continuously powder processed can be used.
2) the powder size narrowly distributing prepared by, fine powder recovery rate are high.Also by adjusting atomization parameter obtain different shape,
The powder of granularity.
3) this ultrasonic vibration installation can be also used for the similar applications such as welding, melting.
4) powder processed and 3D printing are integrated together, common heat source, on demand powder processed, reduce powder storage and transportation, reduced to powder
Requirement, simplify device structure.
5) powder that different shape, granularity and temperature can be obtained by adjusting atomization parameter, using powder waste heat by powder
Last " fixation ", solves the problems, such as " blowing powder ".
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram that collet locking type ultrasonic vibration atomization of the present invention prepares metal powder；
Fig. 2 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram that present invention combination amplitude transformer locking type ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder；
Fig. 3 is metal wire structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is wire back curve commutation schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is 3D printing system structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Wherein, 2, energy converter, 3, amplitude transformer, 4, flange, 5, locker, 6, applicator, 7, wire, 8, wire feeder.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
On the one hand, the invention discloses the devices that a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder, comprising: ultrasonic activation
System, ultrasonic variable amplitude device, wire 7, fastening system, wire feed system and heat source；
Wherein, ultrasonic vibration system includes supersonic generator, energy converter 2 etc., to generate ultrasonic wave and transducing；It is super
Sound wave luffing device uses amplitude transformer 3；Fastening system includes locker 5 and applicator 6.
Locker 5 is provided in amplitude transformer 3, locker 5 becomes a part of amplitude transformer 3.Applicator 6 applies external force and is locking
On tight device 5, its internal diameter can be made to change.
7 front of wire be locked device 5 locking, back curve deflecting, in this way lock one section of 7 conduct of wire
The load of amplitude transformer 3, or a part as amplitude transformer 3.The position of 7 back curve deflecting of wire is preferably at node.
The diameter of wire 7 is D0, and the length of wire 7 can be endless, without interruption by wire feeding system, for silk system
Straightener appropriate can be set in system.Amplitude transformer 3 is tubular, or in front end is at least hollow.Locker 5 has internal diameter
For the cavity of D1 (D1≤D0).
Wire 7 is placed in locker 5 and the cavity of amplitude transformer 3, and locker 5 provides locking pressure and locks wire 7
Tightly.The locking pressure of locker 5 can be the elastic stress of locker 5 itself, be also possible to electromagnetic force or mechanical force, such as by
The magnet (permanent magnet or electromagnet) being disposed thereon provides.Locking pressure can also be provided by applicator 6, such as wire
When the power of 7 lockings is if it is electromagnetic force, which can also be provided by the electromagnetic field being located on applicator 6.
Applicator 6 applies a power opposite with locking pressure direction in amplitude transformer 3, can disengage it from and wire 7
Contact namely cavity front inner diameter D2 (D2 > D0 > D1) is become from D1.
The pressing force and dechucking forces of applicator 6 are provided by electromagnetic force or spring force, such as the magnet by being disposed thereon
(permanent magnet or electromagnet) provides suction and repulsion.The support section of applicator 6 is preferential to be fixed on flange 4.
According to the difference of 7 locking mode of wire, the device that ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder can be divided into collet
Locking type and combination 3 locking type of amplitude transformer, two kinds of structure types.
Collet locking type structure as shown in Figure 1, locker 5 be collet form, be fixed on the front end of amplitude transformer 3.
In some embodiments it is possible to regard amplitude transformer 3 itself as collet.
Collet can be stress locking type, be locked by the external force that applicator 6 applies, or also can use magnetostriction
Or electrostriction material generates coupling mechanism force, also the mechanical forces such as reliable spring generate coupling mechanism force.
Applicator 6 is subjected to displacement under external force (such as electromagnetic force) effect, is pressed on the collet of 3 end of amplitude transformer, is made
Flexible deformation occurs in it, and internal diameter becomes D2 (D1 < D2), unclamps wire 7 (D1 < D0 < D2).
3 locking type structure of amplitude transformer is combined as shown in Fig. 2, amplitude transformer 3 and the part being secured to are by two or more
Combination, combined amplitude transformer 3 forms center cavity, and the internal diameter of cavity front end is D1 (D1 < D0).Lock is provided in amplitude transformer 3
Tight device 5, is combined into an entirety for amplitude transformer 3 by coupling mechanism force.
Locker 5 is preferentially arranged in position corresponding with 3 node of amplitude transformer, such as 4 position of flange.Locker 5
Locking pressure can be electromagnetic force or mechanical force, such as the magnet by being disposed thereon (permanent magnet or electromagnet) provides.
Wire 7 is placed in cavity, and the front end of amplitude transformer 3 clamps as clamping head and locks wire 7.Applicator 6 is applied
Add external force on locker 5, amplitude transformer 3 is pulled open into separation, is disengaged with wire 7.
In some embodiments, cooler is set in 3 front end of amplitude transformer, when the temperature is excessively high, cooler can press amplitude transformer 3
Tightly in 3 front end of amplitude transformer, cool down to amplitude transformer 3.
In other embodiment, cooler is arranged on applicator 6, applicator 6 and the work end in contact of amplitude transformer 3
When cooling effect is played to amplitude transformer 3.Above-mentioned cooler can be cooled down by way of recirculated cooling water.
Wire feed system includes at least one set of wire feed rolls, and when wire 7 is locked the release of device 5, wire feed rolls clamps wire 7
And a distance is pushed, when wire 7 is locked by collet, wire feed rolls unclamps and is detached from wire 7.
Wire feed rolls may be provided in outside cavity, may be alternatively provided at cavity inside.When being located at cavity inside, preferential setting with change
The corresponding position of 3 node of width bar, such as 4 position of flange.The power section of wire feed system may be provided in outside cavity.
Wire 7 (D0 < D1) in cavity, cavity can be it is straight-through, as shown in Figure 1, can also be straight-through with front end, rear portion
Inclination, as shown in Figure 2.
7 front of wire be locked device 5 locking, the rear portion that wire 7 leaves cavity is bent by way of flexible deformation
Certain angle as the load of certain value namely amplitude transformer 3 is certain to keep a segment length of 7 extensional vibration of wire.
Particularly, if the raw material of powder processed is the metal for being difficult to flexible deformation, the metal bar being such as relatively large in diameter can then be adopted
Keep the length of load patch certain with the mode of segmentation connection.
Wire 7 can be polished rod, can also process thread like groove (rolling, rolling) to enhance and lock
Tightness between device 5 or amplitude transformer 3, at this time locker 5 or 3 inner cavity of amplitude transformer and 7 contact site of wire also be provided with
The protrusion to match, as shown in Figure 3.
Metal is transmitted to by the ultrasonic wave that the supersonic generator of ultrasonic vibration system, energy converter 2, amplitude transformer 3 generate
7 tops of silk, form pitch amplitude.
7 top of wire can be heated fusing a thin layer by heat source, then be emitted into powder through ultrasonic atomizatio, be deposited as powder bed.
As an implementation, heat source can be high energy beam (such as electron beam, laser, plasma) or other heat sources
The combination of one or more of (such as radio-frequency induction coil).
It should be noted that the ultrasonic vibration system in the present invention include supersonic generator, energy converter 2 and its
His component is technical characteristic well-known to those skilled in the art；Excessive introduction need not be done again.
The device that ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder should also include the components such as necessary route, bracket, pedestal, herein
It repeats no more.
If should also be wrapped in addition, the device that ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder is individually used as when preparing metal powder
Other facilities necessary to conventional powder by atomization are included, such as spray chamber, powder sieving and collecting packing system, vacuum system, gas
Regulation and control system etc., details are not described herein.
On the other hand, the working principle of the device of metal powder is prepared the invention discloses ultrasonic vibration atomization, comprising:
1) wire 7 is locked in amplitude transformer 3 under the coupling mechanism force effect of locker 5, and stretches out one section.
2) the energy size and scan path of high energy beam are adjusted.High energy beam is irradiated in 7 end of wire, is thermally formed liquid
Metal film.
3) ultrasonic vibration makes liquid metal atomization be emitted into powder.
4) ultrasonic wave stops vibration, and applicator 6 applies relaxation force on locker 5, makes amplitude transformer 3 or locker 5 and gold
Belong to silk 7 to disengage.
5) wire 7 is pushed forward certain length by wire feeder 8, to supplement the part of atomization loss, keeps stretching out one section
Length it is constant.
6) applicator 6 lays down relaxation force, and the coupling mechanism force of locker 5 makes wire 7 be locked.
7) performances such as the pattern of powder, granularity can be carried out by the frequency of ultrasonic wave and thickness of molten metal layer etc.
Adjustment.And the frequency of ultrasonic wave is by changing the frequency of supersonic generator and changing the length progress of 7 load patch of wire
Adjustment.The thickness of molten metal layer then passes through the energy size for changing high energy beam, irradiation time etc. and is adjusted.
The third aspect, the invention discloses a kind of ultrasonic atomizatio powder to assist 3D printing system, as shown in Figure 5, comprising: super
Sound powder by atomization subsystem P, high energy beam subsystem B, work station subsystem W, control system C and other assistant subsystems.
Wherein, ultrasonic atomizatio milling subsystem P: including the device that ultrasonic vibration atomization above-mentioned prepares metal powder,
It further include wire feeder, position adjusting mechanism etc..
High energy beam subsystem B: generation and its energy and track and position including high energy beam (being preferentially electron beam)
Regulating and controlling mechanism.The generation of high energy beam prepares the device heat source of metal powder, the high energy beam B1 of generation using ultrasonic vibration atomization
For melting wire 7, B2 for melting metal powder.
Workbench W: flat including operating position regulation (D translation, rotation, inclination) mechanism, powder container W1, powder
The mechanisms such as paving, auxiliary heating and cooling.
Other assistant subsystems: it is collected including mechanism for monitoring M, atmosphere regulation and control mechanism A, powder, isolation, hauler
Structure and baffle etc..
Central control subsystem C: setup parameter is compared with the data of monitoring, calculates and refers to the sending of each subsystem
It enables.
Ultrasonic atomizatio powder assists the working principle of 3D printing system as follows:
(1) raw material of powder by atomization is wire 7 (or stick, referred to collectively below as silk), ingredient and 3D printing part at
Tap is close, should suitably augment a certain amount what reflow process was easy scaling loss in component.
(2) when needing, 7 front end of wire in ultrasonic atomizatio milling subsystem P is irradiated by high energy B1, and heating fusing is formed
Liquid film simultaneously becomes metal powder by ultrasonic atomizatio, is then deposited into the powder container W1 of work station subsystem W, is formed certain
The powder bed of thickness.Baffle appropriate can be set, prevent powder from depositing to external container, remove baffle after deposition.It can lead to
It crosses the modes such as rotation, translation, inclination and adjusts the ginsengs such as angle, the distance of ultrasonic atomizatio milling subsystem P and the station subsystem W that works
Number, keeps layer thickness uniform.It can be by adjusting wire 7 at a distance from powder container W1, high energy beam B1 irradiation angle and energy
The parameters such as amount change the temperature, shape, granularity of deposited powder, are especially used to increase the cohesive force between powder, prevent from " blowing
Powder ".
(3) 7 forward end of wire feeds a distance to supplement the part for being atomized into powder and losing, and keeps load constant
Or the frequency of amplitude transformer 3 is constant.When needing to change powder size, shape, the distance that adjustable wire 7 is fed is to change frequency
Rate, while supersonic generator frequency is adjusted to adapt to it.
(4) control high energy beam B2 irradiates powder bed specific position with certain energy, angle and track, carries out selective melting,
It is gradually shaped after being scanned by the strategy of setting.
(5) powder in powder-storing machine is laid in powder bed by powder distribution device, forms new powder bed.
(6) step (2)-(5) are repeated, finally obtain metal parts, residual powder is collected into powder-storing machine.
Above-mentioned, although the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, not protects model to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the device that a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder, comprising: ultrasonic vibration system, ultrasonic variable amplitude device,
Wire, fastening system, wire feed system and heat source；
The ultrasonic vibration system is connect with ultrasonic variable amplitude device, and the ultrasonic variable amplitude device is at least to set in front end
Empty chamber；The wire passes through the cavity by wire feed system；Fastening system is set on the ultrasonic variable amplitude device；
The exit position of the cavity is arranged in the heat source；
The ultrasonic variable amplitude device is the combination of at least two amplitude transformers, and the combined amplitude transformer forms center cavity；
The fastening system includes locker and applicator；The locker is fixed in amplitude transformer, will at least by coupling mechanism force
Two amplitude transformer groups are combined into an entirety；The applicator is fixed in amplitude transformer, and can generate to be pressed on locker makes it
Elastically-deformable power occurs.
2. the device that a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization as described in claim 1 prepares metal powder, which is characterized in that applied described
Cooler is set on power device, cooling effect is played to amplitude transformer when with amplitude transformer work end in contact.
3. the device that a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization as described in claim 1 prepares metal powder, which is characterized in that the metal
Silk front is locked, and the rear portion that wire leaves cavity is bent set angle by way of flexible deformation, to keep wire
One segment length of extensional vibration is fixed value.
4. the device that a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder, comprising: ultrasonic vibration system, ultrasonic variable amplitude device,
Wire, fastening system, wire feed system and heat source；
The ultrasonic vibration system is connect with ultrasonic variable amplitude device, and the ultrasonic variable amplitude device is at least to set in front end
Empty chamber；The wire passes through the cavity by wire feed system；Fastening system is set on the ultrasonic variable amplitude device；
The exit position of the cavity is arranged in the heat source；
The ultrasonic variable amplitude device is single amplitude transformer, and the amplitude transformer is tubular or cavity at least is arranged in front end；
The fastening system includes locker and applicator；The locker is fixed on the front end of amplitude transformer, and the locker exists
The front end of wire is locked when no external force；The applicator is fixed in amplitude transformer, can be generated and is pressed on locker
Bring it about elastically-deformable power.
5. the device that a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization as claimed in claim 4 prepares metal powder, which is characterized in that applied described
Cooler is set on power device, cooling effect is played to amplitude transformer when with amplitude transformer work end in contact.
6. a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization as claimed in claim 1 or 3 prepares the working method of the device of metal powder, feature
It is, comprising the following steps:
(1) wire is locked device locking, and stretches out one segment length of amplitude transformer；
(2) the energy size and scan path of heat source are adjusted, Source is thermally formed liquid metal in wire end
Film；
(3) ultrasonic vibration system, which generates ultrasonic vibration, makes liquid metal film atomization be emitted into powder；
(4) ultrasonic wave stops vibration, and applicator applies relaxation force on locker, disengages locker with wire；
(5) wire is pushed forward certain length by wire feed system, to keep the length for stretching out one section of amplitude transformer constant；
(6) applicator lays down relaxation force, and the coupling mechanism force of locker makes wire be locked again.
7. a kind of ultrasonic vibration atomization as claimed in claim 6 prepares the working method of the device of metal powder, feature exists
In,
Change the pattern of metal powder, granularity by the thickness of the frequency and molten metal layer that change ultrasonic wave；
The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is born by changing the frequency for the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic vibration system generates and changing wire
The length for carrying section is adjusted；
The thickness of the molten metal layer is adjusted by the energy size and irradiation time for changing heat source.
8. a kind of 3D printing system characterized by comprising ultrasonic vibration atomization described in claim 1 or 3 prepares metal powder
Device, work station subsystem and the position adjusting mechanism at end；
Metal powder is prepared by the device that ultrasonic vibration atomization prepares metal powder, the metal powder of the preparation deposits to work
Make station subsystem；
By ultrasonic vibration atomization prepare the heat source of the device of metal powder to deposit to the metal powder of work station subsystem into
Row selective melting；
By position adjusting mechanism adjust wire at a distance from the station subsystem that works, the irradiation angle of heat source and energy parameter,
Temperature, shape, the granularity for changing deposited metal powder, prevent " blowing powder ".
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