CN107137136A - 皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件,包括撬拨块、纵向杆锁定螺钉及椎弓根锁定螺钉;撬拨块上的椎弓根螺钉孔为上大下小的阶梯孔,其贯通撬拨块的上下端面,椎弓根锁定螺钉孔从撬拨块的后壁面贯通至椎弓根螺钉孔中,纵向杆孔从撬拨块的后壁面贯通至撬拨块的前端面,纵向杆锁定螺钉孔从撬拨块的上端面贯通至纵向杆孔中;纵向杆锁定螺钉安装在纵向杆锁定螺钉孔中;椎弓根锁定螺钉安装在椎弓根锁定螺钉孔中。本发明通过撬拨复位的原理,实现胸腰椎后路的弹性固定。撬拨块结构紧凑小巧,可置于患者皮下,相比置于皮肤外的胸腰段脊柱外固定器,其术后护理简单,对患者日常生活影响较小,降低了局部皮肤软组织感染的发生率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及骨科手术器械,特别涉及用于胸腰椎骨折的手术治疗、恢复胸腰椎骨折椎体高度、实现胸腰椎后路手术皮下椎弓根钉棒系统弹性固定的手术器械,特别是一种皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件。
背景技术
胸腰椎骨折在临床属于常见病,涉及椎体高度丢失或椎管狭窄的胸腰椎骨折,其治疗方式多采用手术治疗。手术以恢复椎体高度和脊柱生物力学稳定为主要目的,同时力求尽可能的减轻手术创伤及减少术后并发症发生率。
目前针对于脊柱不稳定的胸腰椎骨折,其手术方式大多分为切开复位内固定手术治疗和经皮椎弓根螺钉外固定手术治疗。
切开复位内固定手术治疗的优势在于疗效确切、手术伤口愈合后对日常生活无明显影响,其缺点则在于手术打击大,术后需行第二次手术取出内固定器械、临近节段退变明显。
经皮椎弓根螺钉外固定手术的椎弓根螺钉固定方式的不同可分为坚强固定和弹性固定。坚强固定手术患者术后容易出现临近节段退变的问题,目前是国际脊柱外科领域研究热点。针对该问题,国内外专家给出的解决方案则集中体现在如何实现胸腰椎后路固定系统的可弹性形变上。
CN2824858Y的发明专利公开了一种胸腰段脊柱外固定器,其通过撬拨复位的原理,实现了胸腰椎后路的弹性固定。
但其存在的不足之处是:连接套件体积较大,锁定螺钉突出套件部分过长,无法将整个固定系统置入患者皮下。在一线临床应用过程中,我们发现部分患者因当地医疗环境限制,导致术后外固定支架护理困难,局部皮肤软组织感染等情况多发。同时也有部分患者因外固定支架对日常生活的影响,拒绝行外固定手术治疗。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,而提供一种皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件。它解决了现有的胸腰段脊柱外固定器无法置入患者皮下的问题。
本发明的技术方案是:皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件,其包括撬拨块、纵向杆锁定螺钉及椎弓根锁定螺钉;
撬拨块上设有椎弓根螺钉孔、纵向杆孔、纵向杆锁定螺钉孔和椎弓根锁定螺钉孔;椎弓根螺钉孔呈竖直方向布置,其为上大下小的阶梯孔,其贯通撬拨块的上下端面,椎弓根锁定螺钉孔呈水平方向布置,其从撬拨块的后壁面贯通至椎弓根螺钉孔中,纵向杆孔呈水平方向布置,其从撬拨块的后壁面贯通至撬拨块的前端面,纵向杆锁定螺钉孔呈竖直方向布置,其从撬拨块的上端面贯通至纵向杆孔中;
纵向杆锁定螺钉安装在纵向杆锁定螺钉孔中;
椎弓根锁定螺钉安装在椎弓根锁定螺钉孔中。
本发明进一步的技术方案是:撬拨块的前壁面的上端设有斜坡面,斜坡面连通至椎弓根锁定螺钉孔的上端,斜坡面使得撬拨块在竖直方向上的截面呈下大上小的梯形。
本发明进一步的技术方案是:纵向杆锁定螺钉和椎弓根锁定螺钉均为外六角螺钉,纵向杆锁定螺钉钉头处的最小外接圆柱体的直径小于其螺杆处的外径,椎弓根锁定螺钉钉头处的最小外接圆柱体的直径小于其螺杆处的外径。
本发明进一步的技术方案是:撬拨块的每一个边角处均设有圆弧形倒角。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
1、其通过撬拨复位的原理,实现胸腰椎后路的弹性固定。撬拨块结构紧凑小巧,可置于患者皮下,相比置于皮肤外的胸腰段脊柱外固定器,其术后护理简单,对患者日常生活影响较小,降低了局部皮肤软组织感染的发生率。
2、采用左/右两种型号的撬拨块设计,这两种撬拨块呈镜像对称(参看图4)。术中可根据患者骨折节段具体情况,采用不同的撬拨块,以避免椎弓根螺钉进针位置离棘突过近,导致无法置入皮肤下。
3、撬拨块主体采用边缘钝化处理,降低了对脊旁软组织的骚扰,避免锐利边缘对周边肌肉造成切割,避免了患者术后的不适及并发症的发生。
4、撬拨块前壁面上端设有斜坡面,可降低椎弓根锁定螺钉孔前侧壁高度,增加椎弓根螺钉可撬拨角度,在满足骨折椎体撬拨复位的前提下,尽可能缩小套件体积。
以下结合图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为撬拨块的立体结构图;
图3为撬拨块另一视角下的立体结构图;
图4为本发明的使用状态示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件,其包括撬拨块1、纵向杆锁定螺钉2及椎弓根锁定螺钉3。
撬拨块1上设有椎弓根螺钉孔11、纵向杆孔12、纵向杆锁定螺钉孔13和椎弓根锁定螺钉孔14;椎弓根螺钉孔11呈竖直方向布置,其为上大下小的阶梯孔,其贯通撬拨块1的上下端面,椎弓根锁定螺钉孔14呈水平方向布置,其从撬拨块1的后壁面贯通至椎弓根螺钉孔11中,纵向杆孔12呈水平方向布置,其从撬拨块1的后壁面贯通至撬拨块1的前端面,纵向杆锁定螺钉孔13呈竖直方向布置,其从撬拨块1的上端面贯通至纵向杆孔12中。
纵向杆锁定螺钉2安装在纵向杆锁定螺钉孔13中。
椎弓根锁定螺钉3安装在椎弓根锁定螺钉孔14中。
优选,撬拨块1的前壁面的上端设有斜坡面15,斜坡面15连通至椎弓根锁定螺钉孔14的上端,斜坡面15使得撬拨块1在竖直方向上的截面呈下大上小的梯形。
优选,纵向杆锁定螺钉2和椎弓根锁定螺钉3均为外六角螺钉,纵向杆锁定螺钉2钉头处的最小外接圆柱体的直径小于其螺杆处的外径,椎弓根锁定螺钉3钉头处的最小外接圆柱体的直径小于其螺杆处的外径。
优选,撬拨块1的每一个边角处均设有圆弧形倒角。
撬拨块1具有左/右两种型号,这两种撬拨块呈镜像对称(参看图4),在使用状态下,通过这两种撬拨块1能将椎骨向相反的方向翘拨,达到恢复受损椎体高度的目的。
简述本发明的使用:
S01,根据患者术前X线、CT、MRI等相关影像数据,确定胸腰椎骨折节段;
S02,选择伤椎上下位椎体作为置钉节段,根据患者置钉节段椎弓根螺钉进针点距棘突的距离采用左/右两型不同的套件;
S03,常规硬腰联合麻醉(必要时可采用全麻),常规消毒铺单;
S04,术中C臂机透视明确患者置钉节段椎弓根体表投射位置,并用克氏针穿破皮肤及肌肉组织,将其固定在骨质表面;
S05,用经皮椎弓根螺钉专用空心套筒沿克氏针方向置入,并将克氏针拔出;
S06,通过空心套筒辅助置入经皮椎弓根螺钉,术中反复C臂机透视确认椎弓根螺钉位置;
S07,重复步骤S04-S06,置入4枚椎弓根螺钉;
S08,沿各椎弓根螺钉上下缘分别切开约2公分长短纵行切口,暴露周围部分筋膜及肌肉;
S09,将撬拨块1固定分别固定于每一根椎弓根螺钉上,安放在皮下筋膜及肌肉间隙中(必要时可剥离部分肌肉,避免造成肌肉组织卡压),椎弓根螺钉锁定螺钉暂不加压;
S10,选取合适长度的纵向杆4,将其沿皮下筋膜间隙由上至下贯通,并固定在撬拨块的纵向杆孔12内,锁死纵向杆锁定螺钉2;
S11,将椎弓根锁定螺钉5拧入撬拨块1的椎弓根锁定螺钉孔14中,并通过C臂机反复透视骨折复位情况,如骨折复位满意,加压锁死椎弓根锁定螺钉3;
S12,利用环形液压钳剪除椎弓根螺钉5多余部分,将尾端修剪平整;
S13,常规逐层缝合肌肉、皮下筋膜及皮肤,无菌敷料覆盖。
Claims (4)
1.皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件,其特征是:其包括撬拨块(1)、纵向杆锁定螺钉(2)及椎弓根锁定螺钉(3);
撬拨块(1)上设有椎弓根螺钉孔(11)、纵向杆孔(12)、纵向杆锁定螺钉孔(13)和椎弓根锁定螺钉孔(14);椎弓根螺钉孔(11)呈竖直方向布置,其为上大下小的阶梯孔,其贯通撬拨块(1)的上下端面,椎弓根锁定螺钉孔(14)呈水平方向布置,其从撬拨块(1)的后壁面贯通至椎弓根螺钉孔(11)中,纵向杆孔(12)呈水平方向布置,其从撬拨块(1)的后壁面贯通至撬拨块(1)的前端面,纵向杆锁定螺钉孔(13)呈竖直方向布置,其从撬拨块(1)的上端面贯通至纵向杆孔(12)中;
纵向杆锁定螺钉(2)安装在纵向杆锁定螺钉孔(13)中;
椎弓根锁定螺钉(3)安装在椎弓根锁定螺钉孔(14)中。
2.如权利要求1所述的皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件,其特征是:撬拨块(1)的前壁面的上端设有斜坡面(15),斜坡面(15)连通至椎弓根锁定螺钉孔(14)的上端,斜坡面(15)使得撬拨块(1)在竖直方向上的截面呈下大上小的梯形。
3.如权利要求2所述的皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件,其特征是:纵向杆锁定螺钉(2)和椎弓根锁定螺钉(3)均为外六角螺钉,纵向杆锁定螺钉(2)钉头处的最小外接圆柱体的直径小于其螺杆处的外径,椎弓根锁定螺钉(3)钉头处的最小外接圆柱体的直径小于其螺杆处的外径。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的皮下弹性脊柱内固定系统的连接套件,其特征是:撬拨块(1)的每一个边角处均设有圆弧形倒角。
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