CN107134877B - Motor and electric automobile - Google Patents

Motor and electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107134877B
CN107134877B CN201610113104.2A CN201610113104A CN107134877B CN 107134877 B CN107134877 B CN 107134877B CN 201610113104 A CN201610113104 A CN 201610113104A CN 107134877 B CN107134877 B CN 107134877B
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channel
sub
coolant
axial width
motor
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CN107134877A (en
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饶玲军
陈苏涛
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Abstract

A motor and an electric automobile are provided, wherein the motor comprises a shell and a cooling channel positioned in the shell, the cooling channel surrounds the central axis of the shell, and a partition part is arranged in the cooling channel; the partition piece partitions the cooling channel into two sub-channels along the axial direction, the partition piece is provided with a connecting channel for communicating the two sub-channels, the two sub-channels are respectively provided with an input port and an output port, and the input port and the output port are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the connecting channel. By the aid of the technical scheme, the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel in the cooling channel are connected through the connecting channel, and the coolant in the first sub-channel, the coolant in the second sub-channel and the coolant in the connecting channel are in a continuous flowing state, so that a dead water area cannot be formed. Therefore, the coolant in the whole cooling channel is in a continuous flowing state, and the probability of forming a dead water area is reduced. The problem of local overheating of the motor can be solved, the electric energy loss is reduced, and the working efficiency of the motor is improved.

Description

Motor and electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to a motor and an electric automobile.
Background
The electric automobile takes a vehicle-mounted power supply as power, and converts electric energy into mechanical energy by using a motor so as to drive wheels to run. The existing motor for the electric automobile comprises a shell, wherein an annular cooling channel surrounding a central axis of the shell is arranged in the shell, a coolant can flow circularly in the cooling channel, and the coolant can absorb heat generated when the motor works in the circulating flow process, so that the aim of cooling the motor is fulfilled.
And a partition member for partitioning the cooling passage in the circumferential direction is provided in the cooling passage. The cooling channel is provided with an input port and an output port, and the input port and the output port are both close to the partition and are respectively positioned on two sides of the partition along the circumferential direction. The low-temperature coolant flows into the cooling channel from the input port and flows along the circumferential direction in the cooling channel, the coolant absorbs heat in the flowing process and then becomes high-temperature coolant, and the high-temperature coolant flows out from the output port. In this process, the partition blocks the low-temperature coolant input from the input port from mixing with the high-temperature coolant at the output port position.
However, the existing motor still has the problem of local overheating, which causes electric energy loss and leads to the reduction of the working efficiency of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem that the existing motor has the problem of local overheating, which causes electric energy loss and reduces the working efficiency of the motor.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a motor, which includes a housing and a cooling channel located in the housing, wherein the cooling channel surrounds a central axis of the housing, and a partition is provided in the cooling channel; the partition piece partitions the cooling channel into two sub-channels along the axial direction, the partition piece is provided with a connecting channel for communicating the two sub-channels, the two sub-channels are respectively provided with an input port and an output port, and the input port and the output port are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the connecting channel.
Optionally, the axial width of the sub-channel where the input port is located is greater than the axial width of the sub-channel where the output port is located.
Optionally, the axial width of the sub-channel in which the input port is located gradually decreases from the input port to the connecting channel in the circumferential direction, and/or the axial width of the sub-channel in which the output port is located gradually decreases from the connecting channel to the output port in the circumferential direction.
Optionally, the axial width of the cooling channel is circumferentially constant, and the axial width of the partition is circumferentially constant.
Optionally, the axial width of the sub-channel where the inlet is located at the inlet position is greater than half of the axial width of the cooling channel.
Optionally, the axial width of each of the sub-channels at the location of the connecting channel is equal to half the axial width of the cooling channel.
Optionally, the inlet and outlet ports are circumferentially spaced 180 ° from the connecting channel.
Optionally, each of the sub-channels is symmetrical about a plane in which the inlet, outlet and connecting channels lie.
Optionally, the connecting channel is a notch.
The invention also provides an electric automobile which comprises the motor.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel in the cooling channel are connected through the connecting channel, and the coolant in the first sub-channel, the second sub-channel and the connecting channel is in a continuous flowing state, so that a dead water area cannot be formed. Therefore, the coolant in the whole cooling channel is in a continuous flowing state, and the probability of forming a dead water area is reduced. The problem of local overheating of the motor can be solved, the electric energy loss is reduced, and the working efficiency of the motor is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a motor installed in an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of a water jacket in a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the water jacket of FIG. 2 as viewed radially from the inlet and outlet ports;
fig. 4 is a plan view of the water jacket shown in fig. 2 as viewed from the connecting passage in the radial direction.
Detailed Description
In response to the problems of the prior art, the inventors have found through studies that the inlet and outlet of the cooling channel are located on both sides of the partition, which forms a dead water zone in the region near the partition between the inlet and outlet.
In the process of coolant circulation, the low-temperature coolant flowing in from the input port flows in the direction of the output port due to the partition member, and only a small amount of low-temperature coolant flows to the cooling channel region between the partition member and the input port, so that the coolant in the cooling channel region between the partition member and the input port is in a non-flowing state for a long time.
Accordingly, the low-temperature coolant from the input port is changed into the high-temperature coolant after flowing through the cooling channel, the high-temperature coolant directly flows into the output port and is output, and only a small amount of high-temperature coolant flows to the area between the partition member and the output port, so that the coolant in the area between the partition member and the output port is in a non-flowing state for a long time. Thus, a dead water zone is formed in the region near the partition between the inlet and outlet ports.
Because the coolant in the area between the partition part and the output port is kept in a high-temperature state for a long time, even the coolant in the area between the input port and the partition part is heated due to heat exchange, the coolant in a dead water area is kept at a high temperature for a long time, the motor is locally overheated, the electric energy loss is increased, and the working efficiency of the motor is reduced.
Accordingly, the inventors propose a new motor cooling scheme to reduce the problem of local overheating of the motor. In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows an electric machine 1 for an electric vehicle, the electric machine 1 being connectable to a transmission input shaft for providing a driving force. The motor 1 comprises a housing 2 and a cooling channel 3 located in the housing 2, the cooling channel 3 surrounds a central axis of the housing 2, and a coolant can circulate in the cooling channel 3 to absorb heat generated by the motor during operation. A partition member 4 is provided in the cooling passage 3, and the partition member 4 surrounds the central axis of the housing 2 to partition the cooling passage 3 into two sub-passages, namely a first sub-passage 31 and a second sub-passage 32, along the axial direction. Referring to fig. 2 in combination, the partition 4 has a connection passage 30 communicating a first sub-passage 31 and a second sub-passage 32. The two sub-channels have an inlet 310 and an outlet 320, respectively, e.g. the first sub-channel 31 has an inlet 310 and the second sub-channel 32 has an outlet 320, the inlet 310 and the outlet 320 being circumferentially spaced from the connecting channel 30.
The flow direction of the coolant is: flows into the first sub-channel 31 from the input port 310, and then is divided into two paths, respectively along two opposite directions A around the circumference of the housing 21And A2Flows toward the connecting passage 30;
after converging to the connecting channel 30, they are respectively along two opposite directions A1And A2Flows into the second sub-passage 32;
then respectively along two opposite directions A1And A2Flows to the output port 320, and is output after being converged to the output port 320. The coolant absorbs the heat generated by the motor during the flowing process, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the motor.
The inlet port 310 and the outlet port 320 are circumferentially spaced from the connecting passage 30 such that there is no overlapping area of the inlet port 310 and the connecting passage 30 in the axial direction of the housing 2The domains, the output ports 320 and the connecting passages 30 have no overlapping area in the axial direction of the housing 2. This ensures that the coolant fed from the inlet 310 can flow in two opposite directions a in the circumferential direction in the first sub-channel 311And A2Flows and finally converges to the connecting channel 30. Accordingly, coolant input from the connecting passage 30 into the second sub-passage 32 may be in two opposite directions A in the circumferential direction1And A2Converge to the output port 320 for output.
If the input port 310 and the connecting passage 30 have an overlapping region in the axial direction, the coolant input from the input port 310 flows toward the connecting passage 30 in a large amount, and only a small amount of cooling flows toward both sides of the input port 310 in the circumferential direction, so that the coolant in the first sub-passage 31 is left in a non-flowing state for a long time to form a dead water region. Similarly, if the outlet 320 and the connecting channel 30 have an overlapping area in the axial direction, a dead water region is formed in the second sub-channel 32.
By using the motor cooling scheme of the technical scheme, the coolant in the first sub-channel 31, the second sub-channel 32 and the connecting channel 30 is in a continuous flowing state, and no dead water region is formed. The coolant in the entire cooling passage 3 is in a continuous flow state, reducing the possibility of forming a dead water zone. This can eliminate the problem of motor 1 local overheat, reduces the power consumption, promotes motor 1's work efficiency.
Referring to fig. 1, the housing 2 includes a water jacket 20 and a motor housing 21 fitted outside the water jacket 20, and a cooling passage is formed between the water jacket 20 and the motor housing 21. In which an annular groove 22 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the water jacket 20, and a motor housing 21 seals the annular groove 22 to form the cooling passage 3.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a perspective view of the water jacket 20 in the housing 2, the input port 310 and the output port 320 are located on the same straight line parallel to the central axis of the housing 2 and are circumferentially spaced 180 degrees from the connecting channel 30, and the input port 310 and the output port 320 both correspond to the connecting channel 30 in the radial direction of the housing 2. Thus, in the first sub-passage 31, the coolant supplied from the supply port 310 flows in two opposite directions A1And A2The flow lengths to the connecting channels 30 are substantially the same, and the cooling effect of both parts of the coolant can be effectively utilized, which improves the overall coolant efficiencyCooling efficiency. When the input port 310 is not circumferentially spaced from the connecting passage 30 by 180 °, the coolant flows from the input port 310 to the connecting passage 30 along a short path in the circumferential direction, the coolant flow length of this portion is short, the effective cooling time is short, and the cooling function utilization rate is low.
On the other hand, in the first sub-passage 31, from the input port 310 in two opposite directions A1And A2The coolant amount flowing to the connecting channel 30 is not greatly different, the two coolant paths have a similar cooling effect on the motor 1 (refer to fig. 1), and all parts of the motor 1 are cooled uniformly.
Accordingly, in the second sub-passage 32, the coolant flowing in from the connecting passage 30 flows in two opposite directions a1And A2The length of flow and the dosage to the outlet 320 are approximately the same in both opposite directions a1And A2The cooling effect of the flowing coolant on the electric machine 1 is close. Thus, the various parts of the machine 1 can be cooled more evenly.
Referring to fig. 2-4, the axial width H of the first sub-channel 31 in which the inlet 310 is located is set1And decreases in the circumferential direction-from the inlet opening 31 to the connecting channel 30 (not shown in fig. 3). Heat flux
Figure BDA0000931886430000051
The following proportional relationships exist between the heat transfer coefficient (h) and the temperature difference (Δ T) between the coolant and the housing 2:
Figure BDA0000931886430000052
and h ∈ v (v being the coolant flow rate), the heat flux is used to characterize the coolant's ability to absorb heat from the housing 2.
Following the axial width H of the first sub-passage 311The flow velocity v of the coolant gradually increases and the heat exchange coefficient h gradually increases from the inlet port 310 toward the connecting passage 30 in the circumferential direction. The temperature difference deltat gradually decreases as the coolant absorbs heat from the housing 2 during the flow. But since h is also gradually increased, this can compensate for the decrease in temperature difference Δ T versus heat flux
Figure BDA0000931886430000053
To maintain heat flux
Figure BDA0000931886430000054
The coolant flowing in the circumferential direction in the first sub-channel 31 can absorb heat from the shell 2 in a more consistent manner during the flowing process, the heat absorption continuity is good, and the cooling effect of the coolant is utilized more effectively.
Axial width H of first sub-passage 311Two opposite directions A along the circumferential direction1And A2Decreases from the inlet 310 to the connecting channel 30 in opposite directions A from the inlet 3101And A2The coolant flowing to the connecting passage 30 has a constant heat flux
Figure BDA0000931886430000055
When the inlet port 310 is circumferentially spaced 180 ° from the connecting channel 30, the heat flux of the coolant flowing in two paths from the inlet port 310 to the connecting channel 30 in the first sub-channel 31
Figure BDA0000931886430000056
The cooling effect on the motor 1 (see fig. 1) is more balanced in a relatively close manner.
The axial width H of the second sub-channel 32 in which the outlet 320 is located is set2The heat flux in the circumferential direction decreases gradually from the connecting channel 30 (not shown in fig. 4) to the outlet opening 320, as described above with reference to the coolant in the first sub-channel 31
Figure BDA0000931886430000057
In a proportional relationship with the heat exchange coefficient (h), the temperature difference (Δ T) between the coolant and the casing 2, and a proportional relationship with the coolant flow rate (h), the coolant heat flux flowing from the connecting passage 30 to the output port 320 is substantially constant, and the coolant flowing in the circumferential direction in the second sub-passage 32 has a uniform heat absorption capacity in a continuous flow process, and the heat absorption continuity is good.
Axial width H of second sub-passage 322Two opposite directions A along the circumferential direction1And A2Are arranged to taper from the connecting channel 30 to the outlet 20The coolant flowing in two paths from the connecting passage 30 to the output port 320 has a constant heat flux
Figure BDA0000931886430000061
The second sub-channel 32 extends in opposite directions A from the connecting channel 30 when the outlet 320 is circumferentially spaced 180 from the connecting channel 301And A2The heat flux of the coolant flowing to the output port 320 is relatively uniform, and the cooling effect on the motor 1 is more balanced.
The axial width H of the first sub-passage 31 may be set1Two opposite directions A along the circumferential direction1And A2Decreases in axial width H from the inlet port 310 to the connecting passage 30, and the second sub-passage 322In the two opposite directions A1And A2The gradual decrease from the connecting channel 30 to the outlet opening 320 makes it possible to achieve a coolant heat flux in the entire cooling channel 3
Figure BDA0000931886430000062
The heat absorption tends to be consistent and the heat absorption continuity is good.
The axial width H of the cooling passage 3 may be constant in the circumferential direction, and the axial width of the partition 4 may be constant in the circumferential direction. Thus, the axial width H of the first sub-passage 311While gradually decreasing in the circumferential direction from the input port 310 to the connecting passage 30, the axial width H of the second sub-passage 322And gradually decreases in the circumferential direction from the connecting passage 30 to the output port 320. At this time, an included angle different from 0 is formed between the central axis of the partition member 4 and the central axis of the cooling passage 3, and the partition member 4 is an ellipse.
As a modification, the partition may include a body provided coaxially with the cooling passage and a protrusion protruding into the first sub-passage, or a side edge of the cooling passage on the side of the first sub-passage may have a protrusion protruding into the first sub-passage, and the protrusion may be provided such that an axial width of the protrusion in an axial direction of the body gradually increases from the input port to the connection passage in a circumferential direction, so as to achieve a gradual decrease in the axial width of the first sub-passage in the circumferential direction from the input port to the connection passage.
As another modification, the partition may include a body disposed coaxially with the cooling channel and a protrusion protruding into the second sub-channel, or a side edge of the cooling channel on the side of the second sub-channel may have a protrusion protruding into the second sub-channel, and the protrusion may be disposed such that an axial width of the protrusion in an axial direction of the body gradually increases from the connection channel to the output port in a circumferential direction, so as to gradually decrease from the input port to the connection channel in the circumferential direction.
Compared with the scheme of the modification example, the forming process of the cooling channel 3 in the embodiment is simpler and has higher feasibility.
Referring to fig. 3, when the axial width H of the cooling channel 3 is constant, the axial width H of the first sub-channel 31 where the inlet 310 is located at the position of the inlet 310 is constant1Greater than half the axial width H of the cooling channel 3. Axial width H of first sub-passage 311The decreasing trend in the circumferential direction from the inlet 310 to the connecting channel 30 can be more pronounced, with a greater slope of the variation, which can provide a greater adjustment space to compensate as much as possible for the decrease in the temperature difference Δ T versus the heat flux
Figure BDA0000931886430000071
To maintain heat flux
Figure BDA0000931886430000072
Is constant.
Further, referring to FIG. 4, the axial width H of each sub-passage at the location of the connecting passage 30 is set3And H4May be equal to half the axial width H of the cooling passage 30, the axial width H of each sub-passage being in the vicinity of the connecting passage 303And H4Approximately equal to half the axial width H of the cooling channel 3. At this time, when the coolant flows from the first sub-passage 31 to the second sub-passage 32 through the connection passage 30, the coolant flows in the first direction a in the first sub-passage 311The flowing coolant flows into the connection passage 30 and then flows in the second direction A2Flows into the second sub-passage 32 and flows into the first sub-passage 31 along the second direction A2The flowing coolant flows into the connection passage 30 and then flows in the first direction A1The flow velocity and flow of the coolant flowing into the second sub-passage 32 from the first sub-passage 31 into the second sub-passage 32 on both sides of the connecting passage 30 in the circumferential directionThe quantity is basically consistent, and the problem that the local cooling effect of the motor 1 (refer to fig. 1) is poor due to small coolant flow on one side is avoided.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, when the input port 310 and the output port 320 are circumferentially spaced 180 ° apart from the connecting channel 30, the first sub-channel 31 and the second sub-channel 32 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane in which the input port 310, the output port 320, and the connecting channel 30 are located. Axial width H of first sub-passage 311Two opposite directions A in the circumferential direction from the inlet 310 to the connecting channel 30 (not shown in FIG. 3)1And A2The decreasing slope is the same, so that the first sub-channel 31 extends in opposite directions A from the input port 3101And A2Coolant flow, flow velocity v and heat flux to the connecting channel 30
Figure BDA0000931886430000073
Are all the same.
Correspondingly, the axial width H of the second sub-passage 32, the sub-passage 322Two opposite directions A in the circumferential direction from the connecting channel 30 to the outlet port 3201And A2The slope of the decrease is the same, so that the second sub-channel 32 follows two opposite directions A from the connecting channel 301And A2Coolant flow, velocity v and heat flux to the output port 320
Figure BDA0000931886430000074
Are all the same. Thus, the axial width H of the first sub-channel 31 at the location of the inlet 310 where the mating inlet 310 is located1Greater than half the axial width H of the cooling channel 3 and each sub-channel has an axial width H at the location of the connecting channel 303And H4May be equal to half the axial width H of the cooling channel 30, so that the heat flux of the coolant flowing in the entire cooling channel 3 in the respective zones
Figure BDA0000931886430000075
Can have high uniformity, and can better solve the problem of poor local cooling effect of the motor.
As a variation, the axial width of the first sub-passage and the axial width of the second sub-passageThe width may be constant in the circumferential direction. In both the constant and non-constant cases, the axial width of the first sub-channel in which the inlet port is located may be set larger than the axial width of the second sub-channel in which the outlet port is located. Thus, the effective cooling area of the low-temperature coolant fed from the input port into the first sub-passage is large, the flow rate v of the high-temperature coolant flowing from the connecting passage into the second sub-passage is fast, and the heat flux is large
Figure BDA0000931886430000081
The losses are compensated for and the cooling effect of the coolant in the second sub-channel is maintained to a certain extent.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the connection passage 30 in the present embodiment is a notch formed in the partition 4. As a refinement, the connecting channel can be an axial through hole or an axial through groove.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A motor comprises a shell and a cooling channel positioned in the shell, wherein the cooling channel surrounds the central axis of the shell, and a partition part is arranged in the cooling channel;
the cooling device is characterized in that the partition piece partitions the cooling channel into two sub-channels along the axial direction, the partition piece is provided with a connecting channel for communicating the two sub-channels, the two sub-channels are respectively provided with an input port and an output port, and the input port and the output port are arranged with the connecting channel at intervals along the circumferential direction;
the axial width of the sub-channel where the input port is located gradually decreases from the location of the input port to the location of the connecting channel along the circumferential direction, and/or the axial width of the sub-channel where the output port is located gradually decreases from the location of the connecting channel to the location of the output port along the circumferential direction.
2. The motor of claim 1 wherein the axial width of said sub-channel in which said inlet port is located is greater than the axial width of said sub-channel in which said outlet port is located.
3. The electric machine of claim 1, wherein the axial width of the cooling channel is circumferentially constant and the axial width of the partition is circumferentially constant.
4. The electric machine of claim 3 wherein said inlet port is located in said sub-channel having an axial width at the location of said inlet port that is greater than half the axial width of said cooling channel.
5. The electric machine of claim 4 wherein each of said sub-channels has an axial width at the location of said connecting channel equal to one-half the axial width of said cooling channel.
6. An electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inlet and outlet ports are circumferentially spaced 180 ° from the connecting channel.
7. The motor of claim 6 wherein each of said sub-channels is symmetrical about a plane in which said inlet, outlet and connecting channels lie.
8. The motor of claim 1, wherein the connecting channel is a notch.
9. An electric vehicle comprising the motor according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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DE102018207842A1 (en) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft A cooling jacket through which a coolant can flow and an electric power or working machine equipped with such a cooling jacket
CN110676981A (en) * 2018-07-02 2020-01-10 大银微系统股份有限公司 Cooling structure of rotary motor
CN109698104B (en) * 2018-12-24 2021-02-09 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 Water-cooled gyrotron control pole
CN109494138B (en) * 2018-12-25 2021-08-06 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 Gyrotron with compact liquid cooling structure

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CN203491849U (en) * 2013-10-15 2014-03-19 安徽巨一自动化装备有限公司 Equidistant annular type motor cooling water channel
CN204425091U (en) * 2015-02-12 2015-06-24 江苏利得尔电机有限公司 A kind of motor water collar
CN104976146A (en) * 2015-06-19 2015-10-14 同济大学 Two-stage supercharging direct-drive air compressor for fuel cell engine

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CN203491849U (en) * 2013-10-15 2014-03-19 安徽巨一自动化装备有限公司 Equidistant annular type motor cooling water channel
CN204425091U (en) * 2015-02-12 2015-06-24 江苏利得尔电机有限公司 A kind of motor water collar
CN104976146A (en) * 2015-06-19 2015-10-14 同济大学 Two-stage supercharging direct-drive air compressor for fuel cell engine

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