CN107134783B - Bus voltage optimization adjustment method based on sensitivity rapid screening - Google Patents
Bus voltage optimization adjustment method based on sensitivity rapid screening Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
Abstract
the invention provides a bus voltage optimization and adjustment method based on sensitivity rapid screening, which comprises the following steps: (1) monitoring the bus voltage in real time according to the period, and if the bus voltage exceeds the limit, entering the step 2(2) to calculate the voltage change quantity delta V at the generator terminalGAnd load bus voltage change amount DeltaVEThe sensitivity relation between the voltage and the generator terminal voltage change amount delta VGVariation delta Q of reactive power output of generatorGThe sensitivity (3) between the two is used for obtaining the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor A of the out-of-limit busE(4) calculating the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor B of the generatorG(5) Obtaining a screening factor F of the generatorG(6) Sorting the screening factors of all the generators to be selected from large to small, selecting the first u sets as optimization objects (7) for optimization calculation, and adjusting the generator terminal voltage according to the optimization result. The invention introduces the out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor, the generator sensitivity weighting factor and the screening factor to screen the generator set which can be adjusted, thereby improving the utilization rate of equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a bus voltage optimization and adjustment method based on sensitivity quick screening.
Background
In the actual operation process of the power system, the bus voltage may be out of limit. If the voltage is low, the loss in the power transmission process is increased, and the long-time low voltage can endanger the stability of the system; if the voltage is too high, the insulation is damaged and the corona loss of the extra-high voltage line is increased. Therefore, the out-of-limit bus voltage should be adjusted in time in a reasonable voltage regulating mode to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system.
the voltage correction algorithm mainly comprises an optimal power flow method and a sensitivity method, wherein the sensitivity method adopts a local linearization method, directly solves the quantity relation between a control variable and the controlled node voltage, selects part of units for control, is simple in calculation, is easy to realize rapid control, but often needs to be adjusted for many times, and has local optimal calculation results and poor economy. The optimal power flow method aims at global optimization of a certain index, takes a balance equation of active power and reactive power as constraint, and has large calculation amount and difficulty in ensuring rapidity.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a bus voltage optimization and adjustment method based on sensitivity quick screening, so as to realize automatic optimization and adjustment of the out-of-limit bus voltage of a power grid. Aiming at the defect that the bus voltage out-of-limit problem is solved by singly adopting the sensitivity or the optimization method in the prior art, the sensitivity result is directly applied to the optimization mathematical model, the modeling difficulty is reduced, the calculation efficiency is improved, and the adjustment economy is enhanced.
the adopted solution for realizing the purpose is as follows:
A bus voltage optimization and adjustment method based on sensitivity quick screening comprises the following steps:
(1) Monitoring whether the bus voltage has an out-of-limit condition or not in real time according to an SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system and a PMU (phasor measurement Unit), if so, entering a step 2, and otherwise, continuously monitoring according to a period;
(2) Calculating generator terminal voltage change quantity delta VGAnd load bus voltage change amount DeltaVEThe sensitivity relation between the voltage and the generator terminal voltage change amount delta VGvariation delta Q of reactive power output of generatorGThe sensitivity relationship between;
(3) Calculating the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor A of the out-of-limit busE；
(4) Calculating the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor B of the generatorG；
(5) Obtaining a screening factor F of the generatorG；
(6) After the screening factors of all generators to be selected are obtained, sorting the generators from large to small, and selecting the first u sets as optimization objects;
(7) Optimizing and calculating and adjusting the generator terminal voltage according to the optimization result.
Preferably, in the step (2),
ΔVGAnd Δ VEThe sensitivity relationship between the two is as follows:
wherein: b isEE、BEGRespectively an inter-load admittance matrix and an inter-load and inter-generator admittance matrix;Is DeltaVEAnd Δ VGa sensitivity matrix in between;
ΔVGAnd Δ QGthe sensitivity relationship between the two is as follows: Δ VG＝RGGΔQG；
Wherein: rGGIs Δ VGAnd Δ QGThe sensitivity matrix in between.
Preferably, in the step (3), the obtaining of the integrated sensitivity weighting factor of the out-of-limit bus includes:
a. Determining first class out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor alpha according to bus voltage gradeE；
b. Determining a second type of out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor beta according to the bus typeE；
c. Determining a third type of out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor chi according to the bus voltage out-of-limit degreeE；
d. Obtaining the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor A of the out-of-limit bus according to the sensitivity weighting factors of the three types of out-of-limit busesE：AE＝αE·βE·χE。
Further, the sensitivity weighting factor alpha of the first class of out-of-limit busEThe values of (A) include: voltage class of 750kV and above, alphaEtaking 1.2; 500kV voltage class, alphaETaking 1.1; 220kV voltage class, alphaETaking 1.0; 110kV voltage class, alphaETaking 0.9; 35kV voltage class, alphaETaking 0.8;
The sensitivity weighting factor beta of the second type of out-of-limit busEthe values of (A) include: beta when the out-of-limit bus is the central busETaking 1.2, otherwise, taking 1;
sensitivity of the third type of out-of-limit bus plusWeight factor χEThe following formula:
χE＝|[VE-(VE.max+VE.min)/2]/[(VE.max-VE.min)/2]|
Wherein: vE、VE.maxand VE.minActual values, maximum values and minimum values of the out-of-limit bus voltage are respectively.
Preferably, in the step (4), the calculating of the integrated sensitivity weighting factor of the generator includes:
a. Determining a first type generator sensitivity weighting factor lambda according to the reactive adjustable range of the generatorG；
b. Determining a second type of generator sensitivity weighting factor rho according to the sensitivity of the reactive power output change of the generator to the generator terminal voltage changeG；
c. according to the sensitivity weighting factors of the first and second types of generators, the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor B of the generator is obtainedG：BG＝λG·ρG。
further, the first type generator sensitivity weighting factor lambdaGComprises the following steps: when the bus voltage is over the lower limit,When the bus voltage is over the upper limit,wherein: qG、QG.maxAnd QG.minThe actual value, the maximum value and the minimum value of the reactive power output of the generator are respectively;
The second type generator sensitivity weighting factor rhoGthe following formula: rhoG＝1-SensvqGwherein: sensvqGThe generator terminal voltage and the reactive power output sensitivity are obtained.
Preferably, in the step (5), the screening factor of the generator j is FG.j：
Wherein: n is the out-of-limit number of the buses; a. theE.ia comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor for the bus i; b isG.jIs the integrated sensitivity weighting factor for generator j; sensvv (i, j) is the sensitivity between the voltage change of the bus i and the terminal voltage change of the generator j.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the bus voltage out-of-limit problem is solved by applying the sensitivity method and the optimization method, and the rapidity of the sensitivity method and the optimality of the optimization method are combined, so that the unification of efficiency and economy is realized.
2. Aiming at the problems of more adjusting equipment, low equipment utilization rate and the like in conventional optimization calculation, a bus sensitivity weighting factor and a generator sensitivity weighting factor are introduced, a generator screening factor is obtained by combining a sensitivity relation, and a unit participating in optimization is selected, so that the number of adjusting equipment is reduced, and the equipment utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention provides an implementation flow chart.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1) Monitoring whether the bus voltage has an out-of-limit condition or not in real time according to an SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system and a PMU (phasor measurement Unit), if so, continuing the step 2, otherwise, continuing monitoring according to a period; 2) calculating Δ VGAnd Δ VEsensitivity, Δ V, betweenGAnd Δ QGSensitivity (sensitivity calculation only needs to be calculated once and stored in a database under the condition that the network structure does not change significantly); 3) determining an out-of-limit bus sensitivity comprehensive weighting factor, determining an adjustable generator sensitivity comprehensive weighting factor, solving a generator screening factor and selecting a unit as an optimization object; 4) carrying out optimization calculation; 5) and adjusting the generator terminal voltage by using the optimization result.
the present invention comprises several important aspects:
1. obtaining sensitivity relation according to tidal current sensitivity matrix
1) Obtaining the generator terminal voltage variation delta VGAnd load bus voltage change amount DeltaVEThe sensitivity relationship between them.
The balance equation of node injection reactive power is as follows:
Wherein: qi,ViRespectively the reactive power and the voltage amplitude of the node i; gij,Bij,θijRespectively, the mutual conductance, mutual susceptance and phase angle difference between nodes i and j.
the simplification of the above formula is based on the characteristics of the structure and operation of the power system. According to a basic method of sensitivity analysis, Taylor expansion is carried out on the current state point of the formula (1) and high-order terms are omitted, and the relation between variable quantities after disturbance is obtained:
Written in matrix form and arranged load nodes apart from generator nodes:
Equation (3) is in accordance with the modified equation form for the P-Q decomposition V-Q iteration. However, it is to be noted here that Δ QE、ΔQGThe variable quantity is the reactive variable quantity of the load bus and the generator, namely, the equation (3) shows the relationship between the variable quantity of the new steady state of the system relative to the old steady state control quantity and the variable quantity of the state quantity.
Assuming generator terminal voltage VGAfter regulation, the reactive power of the load does not change, i.e. Δ QE0, then formula (3) is of the first formula:
BEEΔVE+BEGΔVG＝0 (4)
The transformation becomes:
wherein: b isEE、BEGRespectively an inter-load admittance matrix and an inter-load and inter-generator admittance matrix;Is DeltaVEAnd Δ VGThe sensitivity matrix in between. By SEGIt is known which generators are most effective for controlling the load bus voltage.
2) Obtaining the generator terminal voltage variation delta VGvariation delta Q of reactive power output of generatorGThe sensitivity relationship between them.
Transforming equation (3) into:
Assuming a reactive change in the power generation output, the reactive power of the load is constant, i.e. Δ QD0, there is:
ΔVG＝RGGΔQG (7)
Wherein: rGGIs Δ VGAnd Δ QGthe sensitivity matrix in between. By RGGIt is known which generators' reactive power contribution is most sensitive to terminal voltage variations.
2. Screening and optimizing unit according to sensitivity information and equipment information
1) Calculating sensitivity weighting factor of out-of-limit bus
a. Determining first class out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor according to bus voltage grade
The voltage of the power system has a hierarchical structure, and the ultrahigh voltage of 500kV and above is mainly used for high-power, long-distance transmission and trans-provincial junctor and is gradually forming a trans-provincial interconnection network; the high voltage 220kV mainly forms a main grid frame of a power grid; 110kV is used for the main line of the medium and small system; the urban power distribution network mainly adopts 10kV and 35kV voltage levels. Generally, the higher the bus voltage rating, the out-of-limitThe greater the impact on the safety and stability of the power grid. The invention introduces a first class of out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor alphaETaking into account the different voltage levels of the bus. In the present invention, the voltage class, alpha, of 750kV and aboveETaking 1.2; 500kV voltage class, alphaETaking 1.1; 220kV voltage class, alphaETaking 1.0; 110kV voltage class, alphaETaking 0.9; 35kV voltage class, alphaE0.8 is taken.
b. Determining a second type of out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor according to bus type
There are several important voltage support nodes of the power system, called voltage pivot points. The voltage pivot points refer to some main power plant or hub substation buses that reflect the voltage level of the system, since many loads are supplied by these pivot points, for example, the voltage offset of these points, and therefore the voltage offset of most loads in the system, can be controlled. The low voltage bus of the regional substation and the 6-10 kilovolt bus of the power plant with the larger local load are generally used as the voltage pivot points of the system. The invention introduces a second type of out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor betaEAnd distinguishing whether the out-of-limit bus is a voltage pivot bus or not. When the out-of-limit bus is the central bus, betaEget 1.2, otherwise get 1.
c. Determining a third type of out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor according to the bus voltage out-of-limit degree
The out-of-limit degree of the buses in the power grid is different. The higher the out-of-limit degree of the bus is, the larger the deviation range of the bus from the normal value is, the higher the damage degree of the bus to the power grid is, and the difficulty in pulling the bus back to the normal value through control is higher. The invention introduces a third type out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor chiETo account for different out-of-limit levels of the bus. Chi shapeE＝|[VE-(VE.max+VE.min)/2]/[(VE.max-VE.min)/2]L, wherein: vE、VE.maxAnd VE.minThe actual value, the maximum value and the minimum value of the out-of-limit bus voltage are respectively.
According to the three sensitivity weighting factors, the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor A of the out-of-limit bus can be obtainedE＝αE·βE·χE。
2) determining sensitivity weighting factors for generators
a. Determining sensitivity weighting factor of first type generator according to reactive adjustable range of generator
The out-of-limit bus voltage is adjusted by controlling the generator terminal voltage of the generator, the change of the reactive power output of the generator can be brought, the adjustable reactive power range determines the adjusting capability of the generator, and a unit with a larger adjusting range is selected preferentially when the generator participating in optimization is screened. The invention introduces a first type generator sensitivity weighting factor lambdaGAnd considering the reactive adjustable range of the generator. When the bus voltage is over the lower limit,when the bus voltage is over the upper limit,Wherein: qG、QG.maxAnd QG.minRespectively as a reactive power output value, a maximum value and a minimum value of the generator.
b. Determining a generator sensitivity weighting factor according to the sensitivity of the reactive power output change of the generator to the generator terminal voltage change
From the previous sensitivity knowledge, it can be known that the sensitivity of the reactive power output change of different generators to the terminal voltage change is different. The higher the sensitivity value is, the larger the variation of the reactive power output of the generator is after the generator terminal voltage is changed, and the smaller the adjustable range is relatively; conversely, the adjustment range is relatively larger. The invention introduces a sensitivity weighting factor rho of a second type generatorGAnd the relative reactive adjustable range of the generator is taken into account. RhoG＝1-SensvqGWherein: sensvqGThe sensitivity of the generator terminal voltage and the reactive power output of the generator terminal voltage is disclosed.
according to the two sensitivity weighting factors, the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor B of the generator can be obtainedG＝λG·ρG。
3) Calculating a screening factor for a generator
According to the followingUpper two kinds of comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor alphaE、ΒGAnd obtaining a generator screening factor according to a sensitivity relation Sensvv between the generator terminal voltage variation and the load bus voltage variation, and screening the generator screening factor. Suppose that: there are n buses out-of-limit, and the overall sensitivity weighting factor of bus i is AE.iAnd the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor of the generator j is BETAG.j(ii) a The sensitivity between the voltage change of the bus i and the terminal voltage change of the generator j is Sensvv (i, j), and then the screening factor of the generator j can be obtained:
After the screening factors of all generators to be selected are obtained, sorting the generators from large to small, and selecting the first u sets (which can be selected as appropriate according to actual conditions, and is usually 20% -50% of the total amount of the screened sets, but is not limited thereto) as optimization objects.
3. Optimized mathematical model based on sensitivity
In the optimized mathematical model established by the invention, the objective function is that the sum of the selected generator terminal voltage regulating variables is minimum, and the constraint conditions are that the generator terminal voltage regulating variables, the reactive power of the generator and all the bus voltages are within the upper and lower limit value ranges. The Sensvq obtained by sensitivity calculation is directly applied to inequality constraint conditionsGand Sensvv, the constraint conditions of the balance equation of the active power and the reactive power of the power grid are avoided, the fussy modeling process is avoided, and the efficiency of optimization calculation is improved. However, it should be noted that, by using the first-order sensitivity result of linear simplification instead of the nonlinear power system power flow equation constraint condition, the calculation result may have a certain deviation. A large amount of research and practical operation experience shows that under normal operation conditions of the power system, the power flow equation of the power system is close to linear near the working point, and the deviation of the calculated result is within the engineering allowable range. The optimized mathematical expression is as follows:
Wherein: Δ VG(j)、ΔVG.max(j) And Δ VG.min(j) actual regulating quantity, an upper limit value and a lower limit value of regulating quantity of the j terminal voltage of the generator are respectively set; and N is the total number of the load buses.
Optimization calculation process the invention adopts the optimization modeling system software AIMMS to adjust the generator terminal voltage delta VG(j) obtaining and calculating the initial value of the generator terminal voltageAdjusting and correcting to obtain the adjusted generator terminal voltage VG(j)：
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application and not for limiting the scope of protection thereof, and although the present application is described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that after reading the present application, they can make various changes, modifications or equivalents to the specific embodiments of the application, but these changes, modifications or equivalents are all within the scope of protection of the claims to be filed.
Claims (4)
1. A bus voltage optimization and adjustment method based on sensitivity rapid screening is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Monitoring whether the bus voltage has an out-of-limit condition or not in real time according to an SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system and a PMU (phasor measurement Unit), if so, entering the step (2), and if not, continuing monitoring according to a period;
(2) Calculating generator terminal voltage change quantity delta VGAnd load bus voltage change amount DeltaVEThe sensitivity relation between the voltage and the generator terminal voltage change amount delta VGvariation delta Q of reactive power output of generatorGThe sensitivity relationship between;
(3) ObtainingIntegrated sensitivity weighting factor A of out-of-limit busE；
(4) Calculating the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor B of the generatorG；
(5) Obtaining a screening factor F of the generatorG；
(6) After the screening factors of all generators to be selected are obtained, sorting the generators from large to small, and selecting the first u sets as optimization objects;
(7) Optimizing calculation and adjusting the generator terminal voltage according to an optimization result;
In the step (3), the obtaining of the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor of the out-of-limit bus comprises:
a. Determining first class out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor alpha according to bus voltage gradeE；
b. Determining a second type of out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor beta according to the bus typeE；
c. Determining a third type of out-of-limit bus sensitivity weighting factor chi according to the bus voltage out-of-limit degreeE；
d. Obtaining the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor A of the out-of-limit bus according to the sensitivity weighting factors of the three types of out-of-limit busesE：AE＝αE·βE·χE；
In the step (4), the calculating of the integrated sensitivity weighting factor of the generator includes:
a. Determining a first type generator sensitivity weighting factor lambda according to the reactive adjustable range of the generatorG；
b. Determining a second type of generator sensitivity weighting factor rho according to the sensitivity of the reactive power output change of the generator to the generator terminal voltage changeG；
c. according to the sensitivity weighting factors of the first and second types of generators, the comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor B of the generator is obtainedG：BG＝λG·ρG；
in the step (5), the screening factor of the generator j is FG.j：
Wherein: n is the out-of-limit number of the buses; a. theE.iA comprehensive sensitivity weighting factor for the bus i; b isG.jIs the integrated sensitivity weighting factor for generator j; sensvv (i, j) is the sensitivity between the voltage change of the bus i and the terminal voltage change of the generator j.
2. the optimization and adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2),
ΔVGAnd Δ VEThe sensitivity relationship between the two is as follows:
Wherein: b isEE、BEGRespectively an inter-load admittance matrix and an inter-load and inter-generator admittance matrix;Is DeltaVEAnd Δ VGA sensitivity matrix in between;
ΔVGand Δ QGThe sensitivity relationship between the two is as follows: Δ VG＝RGGΔQG；
Wherein: rGGis Δ VGAnd Δ QGThe sensitivity matrix in between.
3. The optimization adjustment method of claim 1, wherein the first type of out-of-limit busbar sensitivity weighting factor αEThe values of (A) include: voltage class of 750kV and above, alphaETaking 1.2; 500kV voltage class, alphaEtaking 1.1; 220kV voltage class, alphaEtaking 1.0; 110kV voltage class, alphaEtaking 0.9; 35kV voltage class, alphaETaking 0.8;
The sensitivity weighting factor beta of the second type of out-of-limit busEThe values of (A) include: beta when the out-of-limit bus is the central busETaking 1.2, otherwise, taking 1;
The third type of out-of-limit busSensitivity weighting factor χEThe following formula:
χE＝|[VE-(VE.max+VE.min)/2]/[(VE.max-VE.min)/2]|
wherein: vE、VE.maxand VE.minActual values, maximum values and minimum values of the out-of-limit bus voltage are respectively.
4. The optimization adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator sensitivity weighting factor λ of the first typeGcomprises the following steps: when the bus voltage is over the lower limit,When the bus voltage is over the upper limit,wherein: qG、QG.maxAnd QG.minThe actual value, the maximum value and the minimum value of the reactive power output of the generator are respectively;
The second type generator sensitivity weighting factor rhoGThe following formula: rhoG＝1-SensvqGWherein: sensvqGThe generator terminal voltage and the reactive power output sensitivity are obtained.
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