CN107129227A - A kind of preparation method of pavement of road or airfield pavement paving structure - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of pavement of road or airfield pavement paving structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107129227A CN107129227A CN201710299767.2A CN201710299767A CN107129227A CN 107129227 A CN107129227 A CN 107129227A CN 201710299767 A CN201710299767 A CN 201710299767A CN 107129227 A CN107129227 A CN 107129227A
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- Prior art keywords
- paving structure
- fiber
- concrete
- rotating speed
- preparation
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/20—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by centrifugal or rotational casting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/10—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and cement or like binders
- E01C7/14—Concrete paving
- E01C7/142—Mixtures or their components, e.g. aggregate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation method of a kind of pavement of road or airfield pavement paving structure, including：S10 adds coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement in concrete agitating drum, forms mixture；S20 adds water, water reducer and defoamer into mixture, forms concrete mix；S30 adds fiber into concrete mix, obtains fiber concrete mixture；S40 adds fiber concrete mixture and rush solidifying early strength agent in the pipe die of centrifuge, runs centrifuge, fiber concrete mixture is uniformly distributed along pipe die inwall, and be internally formed cavity；Then rotating speed is stepped up, the new of tubulose is prepared and mixes paving structure；The new of S50 tubuloses is mixed after paving structure initial set, new will be mixed paving structure and be taken out and shakeout, and is formed and rectangular-shaped is newly mixed paving structure；S60 is newly mixed after paving structure final set, paving structure maintenance is mixed to new, so that paving structure prefabricated section is made.The preparation method can prepare the paving structure of capability gradient distribution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pavement material field, it particularly relates to a kind of pavement of road or airfield pavement paving structure
Preparation method.
Background technology
Pavement of road, airfield pavement are used as pavement of road and airfield pavement material, coagulating cement frequently with cement concrete
Soil has that its raw material sources is extensive, manufacture craft is easy, the advantages of using facilitating.But Cement Concrete Pavement Slab, road face
The shortcomings of plate is there is also tensile strength is low, poor toughness and crack easily extend, the bending tensile strength of concrete is lower than compression strength
Many, under wheel load effect when flexural tensile stress exceedes the limit bending tensile strength of concrete, cement concrete slab will be produced
Rupture failure, and under load repeat function, because fatigue effect concrete slab can go out when less than its limit bending tensile strength
Now destroy.In addition, the temperature difference in concrete slab thickness direction can make plate produce temperature-warping stress, it is unfavorable to concrete slab stress.
Cement concrete is fragile material, its relative stretcher strain very little in fracture, not enough to the adaptability of foundation deformation, native
Influence of the deformation of base and basic unit to concrete slab is very big, and uneven foundation deformation can cause concrete slab to be come to nothing with basic unit,
Produce excessive flexural tensile stress.According to《Highway cement concrete pavement design specification JTGD40-2011》, carry out cement concrete
During Pavement Design, take the bending tensile strength of concrete slab as design objective, meet load fatigue stress and temperature fatigue warpage
Stress sum is no more than the bending tensile strength of concrete.Cement concrete runway surface design is similar with Pavement Design, according to plate
Flexural tensile stress at edge-critical graph lotus position is designed.Due to these features of cement concrete, environmental factor (moisture is added
Deng) effect, easily cause and the crack formed, and plat-bottom escape phenomenon extended up by plate bottom cracking, and then cause disconnected plate
Etc. serious plant disease, these shortcomings have had a strong impact on the durability and service life of concrete road surface (road face) surface material, therefore
Improving the performance of cement concrete pavement (road face) material, especially bending resistance draws performance to be particularly important.
Actual cement concrete pavement (road face) is under vehicular load (aircraft loads) effect, because cement concrete is crisp
Property material, compression modulus is high, and tensile strength is far below compression strength, so the influence of the horizontal tension of overriding concern.Load
Horizontal stress situation, which can be sketched, in lower road surface (road face) surface layer of effect is：Upper area is by high pressure stress, central region should
Power transitional region, lower area are from top to bottom maximum horizontal compression to maximum horizontal tension gradually mistake by high tensile stress
Cross, highest especially is required to the tensile property of concrete in bottom.But common concrete when constructing due to uniformly mixing
With can be considered as the material of homogeneous, the mechanical property of its each position is basically identical, cement concrete slab mechanical property is along plate
Thick direction be it is unconverted, this and the characteristics of the actual stress not met inside road surface (road face) surface layer is distributed, especially tension
Intensity through-thickness is consistent, and the maximum tension stress that cement concrete slab plate bottom is produced under actual loading effect easily exceedes anti-
Tensile strength and produce crack and destroy.In addition, portland cement concrete is fragile material, deformability is poor, its modulus of elasticity
Far above basic unit (such as cement stabilized granular), thus compatibility of deformation ability between the two is poor, causes concrete slab plate bottom to hold
Yi Yin comes to nothing and produces excessive flexural tensile stress, and then causes cracking destruction.So, the performance of road pavement (road face) surface layer structure
Improvement enables its mechanical property gradual change, more agrees with the actual loading situation of concrete road surface (road face) surface layer, and reduce
The modulus of concrete road surface (road face) surface layer bottom simultaneously strengthens its deformation performance, it is had good compatibility of deformation with basic unit
Power, has important research meaning with the use requirement for meeting road surface (road face).
The content of the invention
Technical problem：Technical problem to be solved of the embodiment of the present invention is：A kind of pavement of road or airfield pavement are provided
The preparation method of paving structure, can prepare the paving structure of capability gradient distribution.
Technical scheme：In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned pavement of road or airfield pavement paving structure, the preparation method includes following step
Suddenly：
S10：In concrete agitating drum, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement are added, mixture is formed；Dry mix, makes
Each component is obtained to be well mixed；
S20：Water, water reducer and defoamer are added into mixture, is then stirred, concrete mix is formed；
S30：Fiber is added in the concrete mix prepared to step S20, stirs, obtains fiber concrete mix
Thing；
S40：The solidifying early strength agent of fiber concrete mixture and rush prepared by step S30 is added in the pipe die of centrifuge, fortune
Row centrifuge, makes fiber concrete mixture be uniformly distributed along pipe die inwall, and be internally formed cavity；Then step up and turn
Speed, increase centrifugal force, gradually formed in centrifuge the rough set bed of material of paving structure, thickness gather materials transition zone, fine aggregate layer and
Fibrous layer, prepares the new of tubulose and mixes paving structure；
S50：The new of tubulose is mixed after paving structure initial set, dismantles pipe die, and the new paving structure of mixing of tubulose is taken out and shakeout,
Formed rectangular-shaped；
S60：Rectangular-shaped is newly mixed after paving structure final set, and crawler belt is dismantled from new mix on paving structure, new mix is mated formation
Structure is conserved, so that paving structure prefabricated section is made.
As preference, in described step S10, the rotating speed of mixing drum is 60~100r/min, the dry mixing time is 2~
3min。
As preference, in described step S20, the rotating speed of mixing drum is 60~100r/min, mixing time 8~
10min。
As preference, in described step S30, the rotating speed of mixing drum is 150~240r/min, mixing time is 16~
20min；The density of described fiber is 1.2~1.6g/cm3, tensile strength is more than 1000MPa.
As preference, in described step S40, one layer of crawler belt is fixed in pipe die inwall, and in the external coating of crawler belt
Interleaving agent；Internal track surfaces are provided with the convex stripe parallel to crawler width direction, and adjacent stripes spacing is unequal.
As preference, in described step S40, the starting rotating speed of centrifuge is 45~60r/min, and run time is 3
~5min, makes fiber concrete mixture be uniformly distributed along pipe die inwall, and be internally formed cavity.
As preference, in described step S40, step up rotating speed and refer to：First gradually lifting rotating speed to 130~
140r/min, and 5~7min is maintained, in the outermost formation rough set bed of material；Then rotating speed is gradually lifted to 160~180r/min,
And maintain 8~10min, gradually formed on the inside of the rough set bed of material thickness gather materials transition zone and fine aggregate layer；Finally gradually lifting turns
Speed maintains 6~9min to 200~215r/min, and fibrous layer is formed on the inside of fine aggregate layer.
As preference, in described step S50, the presetting period is 80~90min；In described step S60, during final set
Between be 270~285min, described maintenance is that paving structure plastic covering film is conserved, curing time be 28 days.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that：
Firstth, the present invention can fully realize the composition of material using the paving structure of centrifugal process processability gradient distribution
Composition is gradually changed in gradient along thickness direction by side to opposite side, so as to realize the mechanical property of the material along thickness
Direction gradual change, is mainly shown as：In a thickness direction, compression strength gradually increases from paving structure bottom surface to surface, and tension
Intensity from surface to bottom surface on the contrary, gradually increase.
Secondth, compared with the consistent plain concrete plate of upper and lower surface mechanical property, the mechanics of the paving structure of the present embodiment
Performance more conforms to the suffered stress gradual change under the effect of actual wheel load of concrete road surface (road face) surface layer along thickness direction gradual change
Situation, i.e., surface is by maximum horizontal compression, and bottom surface is by maximum horizontal tension, intermediate stress continuous transition.Paving structure
Mechanical performance gradient distribution meet layer position design requirement.
3rd, the rough set bed of material on the paving structure surface of the present embodiment is because the superior coarse aggregate of enrichment compressive property, institute
With with excellent compressive property and anti-wear performance；Middle thickness gather materials transition zone and fine aggregate layer level with closely knit, can make
The stress good transition produced under load action；The fibrous layer of lower area, due to being enriched a large amount of high-intensity fibers, so significantly
The bending tensile strength and limit tensile strain of paving structure are improved, road surface (road face) bottom tension, strain is highly resistant to,
Resisting fatigue cracking destruction, while the gradient distribution of fiber greatlys save the consumption of fiber, significantly reduces cost.
4th, the high-intensity fiber added in the fibrous layer of the paving structure of the present embodiment, makes compound possess good drawing
Stretch deformability, and add the solidifying early strength agent of rush and control its setting time, using good before the cement concrete presetting period
Plastic deformation ability, the test specimen of tubulose is taken out and shakeout rectangular concrete prefabricated board by crawler belt.
5th, the paving structure of the present embodiment has excellent anti-skid construction in shaping, meets pavement of road (airport
Road face) the antiskid requirement that uses.Because the internal track surfaces for taking out test specimen are provided with not equidistant raised textural, so as to get
Paving structure surface possess rational macroscopical antiskid texture in stripping forming so that it is superior to assign concrete slab surface
The anti-dazzle performance of antiskid performance, astigmatism and drainage performance, the secondary processing method compared to normal concrete surface antiskid texture (are drawn
Hair, cutting etc.), this method is convenient and swift, use manpower and material resources sparingly；
6th, the paving structure of our bright preparation is prefabricated section, can be molded in batch indoors, quality controllable, transport is extremely
Can quickly making, quick construction behind job site.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the profile after paving structure shakeouts in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of preparation method in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the installation diagram of pipe die piece and spacing block in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of pipe die in the embodiment of the present invention；
During Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention, the structure chart that test specimen is molded in pipe die；
During Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the present invention, the structure chart that test specimen takes out from pipe die；
During Fig. 7 is the embodiment of the present invention, the tensile strength of test specimen with change in depth tendency chart；
During Fig. 8 is the embodiment of the present invention, the compression strength of test specimen with change in depth tendency chart.
Have in figure：The rough set bed of material 1, thickness gather materials transition zone 2, fine aggregate layer 3, fibrous layer 4, pipe die piece 5, spacing block 6, carry out
Band 7, test specimen 8, the first pipe die piece 501, the second pipe die piece 502, the 3rd pipe die piece 503, link bolt 504 and link bolt 505.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, technical scheme is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of pavement of road of one embodiment of the present of invention offer or airfield pavement paving structure, including with
Lower component：Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, water, fiber, water reducer, rush coagulate early strength agent and defoamer, and proportion of composing is：By weight
Meter, 60~65 parts of coarse aggregate, 39~43 parts of fine aggregate, 25~28 parts of cement, 11~13 parts of water, 0.5~0.6 part of water reducer promotees
Solidifying 0.012~0.016 part of early strength agent, 0.05~0.06 part of defoamer, fiber volume account for paving structure cumulative volume 0.60%~
0.85%.The paving structure includes the rough set bed of material 1 that is set gradually from top surface to bottom surface, thickness and gathered materials transition zone 2, fine aggregate layer
3 and fibrous layer 4, wherein, the rough set bed of material 1 includes coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fiber, cement and water；In the rough set bed of material 1, coarse aggregate
Volume content between 52%~60%, the volume content of fine aggregate is between 10%~13%；Thickness gathers materials transition zone 2 including thick
Gather materials, fine aggregate, fiber, cement and water；In thickness gathers materials transition zone 2, the volume content of coarse aggregate between 39%~45%,
The volume content of fine aggregate is between 25%~30%；Fine aggregate layer 3 includes fine aggregate, fiber, cement and water；In fine aggregate layer 3
In, the volume content of fine aggregate is between 50%~55%, and fiber accounts for fiber cumulative volume content in the volume content in fine aggregate layer 3
17%~22%；Fibrous layer 4 includes fiber, fine aggregate, cement and water；In fibrous layer 4, the volume content of fine aggregate between
36%~40%, fiber accounts for the 50%~55% of fiber cumulative volume content in the volume content of fibrous layer 4；Coarse aggregate and fine aggregate
The average grain diameter gathered materials of composition is gradually reduced in gradient along thickness direction from the top surface of the rough set bed of material 1 to the bottom surface of fibrous layer 4；From
The top surface of the rough set bed of material 1 gathers materials the bottom surface of transition zone 2 to thickness, and the volume content of coarse aggregate is gradually reduced in gradient；From rough set
The top surface of the bed of material 1 is to the bottom surface of fine aggregate layer 3, and the volume content of fine aggregate gradually increases in gradient；From the top surface of the rough set bed of material 1
To the bottom surface of fibrous layer 4, the volume content of fiber gradually increases in gradient.
Horizontal stress situation can be sketched and be in concrete slab under load action：Upper area is by high pressure stress, middle region
Domain be transition of stress region, lower area by high tensile stress, be from top to bottom maximum horizontal compression to maximum horizontal tension
Gradually transition, especially requires highest at plate bottom position to the tensile property of concrete.But common concrete is due to construction
When uniformly to mix and stir, the material of homogeneous can be considered as, the mechanical property of its each position is basically identical, cement concrete slab power
It is unconverted along thickness of slab direction to learn performance, and this does not simultaneously meet the characteristics of actual stress is distributed inside cement concrete slab, especially
It is that tensile strength through-thickness is consistent, and it is strong that the maximum tension stress for acting on the generation of lower plate bottom in actual loading easily exceedes tension
Spend and cause concrete slab crack and destroy.The paving structure of the embodiment of the present invention, its mechanical property performance in a thickness direction
For：Upper compression superior performance, bottom tensile property is superior, and compression strength gradually increases from bottom surface to top surface, and tension is strong
Degree gradually increases from top surface to bottom surface, to adapt to the rule of graded profile of the cement concrete slab horizontal stress along thickness of slab direction,
The superposed rough set bed of material is because the superior coarse aggregate of enrichment compressive property, with excellent compressive property；In being located at
The thickness in portion gather materials transition zone and fine aggregate layer level with closely knit, the stress good transition that load action is produced can be realized；It is located at
The fibrous layer of bottom, due to being enriched a large amount of high-intensity fibers, so substantially increasing bending tensile strength and the plate bottom of concrete slab
The limit tensile strain at position, is highly resistant to tension under concrete slab, strain, resisting fatigue cracking destruction.
As shown in Fig. 2 another embodiment of the present invention provides the preparation of above-mentioned pavement of road or airfield pavement paving structure
Method, the preparation method comprises the following steps：
S10：In concrete agitating drum, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement are added, mixture is formed；Dry mix, makes
Each component is obtained to be well mixed.Described coarse aggregate and the level of fine aggregate, which are matched somebody with somebody, to be designed and has been controlled, and the level that coarse aggregate is used is matched somebody with somebody
Scope is：Rectangular mesh size (mm) 31.5,26.5,19,16,9.5,4.75 and 2.36, corresponding accumulative screen over-size (%) is respectively
For 2~3,25~30,45~55,60~70,80~85,93~97 and 97~98；Fine aggregate use grading limit be：Side's sieve
Hole size (mm) 4.75,2.36,1.18,0.6,0.3 and 0.15, corresponding accumulative screen over-size (%) is respectively 2~5,15~21,
42~48,62~67,79~83 and 94~97.During dry mixing the rotating speed of mixing drum be 60~100r/min, the dry mixing time be 2~
3min。
S20：Water, water reducer and defoamer are added into mixture, is then stirred, concrete mix is formed.Mixing drum
Rotating speed be 60~100r/min, 8~10min of mixing time.
S30：Fiber is added in the concrete mix prepared to step 20, stirs, obtains fiber concrete mix
Thing.The rotating speed of mixing drum is 150~240r/min, and mixing time is 16~20min；The density of described fiber be 1.2~
1.6g/cm3, tensile strength is more than 1000MPa.
S40：The solidifying early strength agent of fiber concrete mixture and rush prepared by step 30 is added in the pipe die of centrifuge, operation
Centrifuge, makes fiber concrete mixture be uniformly distributed along pipe die inwall, and be internally formed cavity；Then rotating speed is stepped up,
Increase centrifugal force, gradually formed in centrifuge the rough set bed of material (1) of paving structure, thickness gather materials transition zone (2), fine aggregate layer
(3) and fibrous layer (4), prepare the new of tubulose and mixes paving structure.Add before mixture, one layer of crawler belt fixed in pipe die inwall,
And in the external coating interleaving agent of crawler belt；Internal track surfaces are provided with the convex stripe parallel to crawler width direction, adjacent stripes
Spacing is unequal, the surface antiskid texture good for being formed.The rectangular cross-section of convex stripe, width is 3~5mm, height
For 4~6mm.Because laterally equidistantly cutting road surface is also easy to produce peak noise, human ear is stimulated, so the raised textural of track surface
By not being equally spaced, the generation of noise can be effectively reduced while lifting antiskid performance.
The starting rotating speed of centrifuge is 45~60r/min, and run time is 3~5min, makes fiber concrete mixture edge
Pipe die inwall is uniformly distributed, and is internally formed cavity.In step s 40, rotating speed is improved to refer to：Rotating speed is first gradually lifted to 130
~140r/min, and 5~7min is maintained, in the outermost formation rough set bed of material；Then rotating speed is gradually lifted to 160~180r/
Min, and maintain 8~10min, gradually formed on the inside of the rough set bed of material thickness gather materials transition zone and fine aggregate layer；Finally gradually carry
Rotating speed is risen to 200~215r/min, and maintains 6~9min, fibrous layer is formed on the inside of fine aggregate layer, mats formation so as to obtain newly mixing
Structure.
S50：The new of tubulose is mixed after paving structure initial set, dismantles pipe die, and the new paving structure of mixing of tubulose is taken out and shakeout,
Formed and rectangular-shaped new mix paving structure.Presetting period is 80~90min；
S60：Rectangular-shaped newly mixes after paving structure final set, and final setting time is 270~285min min, and crawler belt is mixed from newly
Dismantled on paving structure, paving structure maintenance is mixed to new, so that paving structure prefabricated section is made.Maintenance is to newly mixing paving structure
Plastic covering film is conserved, and curing time is 28 days.
The embodiment of the present invention makes centrifugal process can be used for preparing road surface (road by structure, the design of material and the control of rotating speed
Face) paving structure.In addition, promoting solidifying control and improved materials component of the early strength agent to the hardening capacity of concrete material by adding
The raising of the deformation performance brought, enables geometry prepared by centrifugal process to mix the paving structure exhibition of paving for the new of tubulose
It is flat, prepare the paving structure prefabricated section that geometry is rectangle.Simultaneously particular design is made to concrete centrifugal device, i.e., including
Wall encloses the crawler belt of particular design, has both facilitated tubulose paving structure to be taken out from centrifuge and the flattening that paves, again can be by carrying out
Belt surface makees special grain design and assigns paving structure surface superior antiskid performance.
It is pre- in order to improve the paving structure that tubulose in centrifuge newly mixes the stretcher strain ability of paving structure and prepare
The bending tensile strength of clamp dog, by improveing its material component --- addition fiber assigns its high ductility.Have due to fiber
Superhigh tenacity, can solve that conventional concrete material fragility, weak draftability, fracture width are uncontrollable etc. a variety of to be lacked well
Fall into.The effect using centrifugal force when appropriate high-intensity fiber centrifugation prepares tubulose paving structure is added, fiber can be made to divide in gradient
Cloth, in the enrichment of tubular coagulations soil inside region, forms a fiber content in most inner side and reaches total fiber content more than 50%
Fibrous layer, fibrous layer has the ability that higher tensile strength, superior stretcher strain ability and control critical eigenvalue are carried out, and significantly changes
It has been apt to the resistance bottom tension of paving structure prefabricated section and the ability of stretching strain, so as to resist cracking destruction, has greatly improved road
The service life of face (road face) surface layer, while fiber integrated distribution bottom section greatlys save the consumption of fiber, is significantly reduced
Cost.
Paving structure prefabricated section prepared by the present invention has superior antiskid performance, astigmatism anti-glare in i.e. surface in shaping
Can, anti-wear performance and drainage performance, without secondary operation processing, directly prepare, convenient and swift.Cement concrete slab has
The requirement of antiskid, traditional plain concrete panel carry out during anti-skid construction processing it is general using plucking method, indent method, groove engraving,
Reveal the methods such as stone method, have the shortcomings that to need secondary operation, consumption human cost, construction quality to require high.Its medium pressure tank and drawing
Groove is all to be completed on newly-laid concrete surface by certain additional external force, and made groove exists obvious uneven
Phenomenon.Simultaneously as to the push effect of surface mortar during tension and compression groove, texture depth is uneven, also easily there is local founding and show
As influenceing concrete surface flatness；And groove engraving and dew stone method need special equipment and material, required cost is high.The present invention
Embodiment is provided with the convex stripe parallel to crawler width direction, the rectangular cross-section of convex stripe, width in internal track surfaces
It is highly 4~6mm for 3~5mm, paving structure is possessed good surface antiskid texture in shaping and add without secondary
Work.Simultaneously as laterally equidistantly cutting road surface is also easy to produce peak noise, human ear is stimulated, so the raised textural of track surface
By not being equally spaced, as spacing is followed successively by：19、25、23、25、19、22、25、22、17、25、26、32、28、22、25、20、
25, unit：Mm, the generation of noise can be effectively reduced while lifting antiskid performance.
The preparation method of the present embodiment makes mixture closely knit using centrifugal action, and makes material composi along thickness side
Gradually changed to gradient, so that also through-thickness gradient is gradually changed its mechanical property, and it is internal without obvious boundary
Face, the mechanical property of each functionally graded layer position agrees with the situation of road surface under actual conditions (road face) stress gradual change suffered by surface layer.
The various components such as cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fiber are being circled in centrifuge in concrete mix
When produced centrifugal force, be that the quality with material, the quadratic power of angular speed, radius of turn are directly proportional, calculating formula is：
F=m ω2R=ρ V ω2r
In formula：F represents the centrifugal force that material is subject to；M represents the quality of material；ω represents the angle speed that material is circled
Degree；R represents the radius of turn of material；ρ represents density of material；V represents material volume.
Because the volume of the multiple material such as cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fiber, density are different in mixture, even if rotation
Speed is identical with radius of turn, and respective centrifugal force also differs greatly.
It is theoretical according to rubber cement in the larger concrete mix of fluidity, three-level can be divided into,
Coarse dispersion system：Using coarse aggregate as dispersed phase, it is suspended in fibre mortar medium,
Finely divided system：Using fine aggregate as dispersed phase, it is suspended in fibrous cement paste medium,
Micro- disperse system：Using fiber as dispersed phase, it is suspended in cement mortar medium, and cement granules are suspended in water.
When centrifuge punching block quickly rotates, various composition in cement slurry mixture is different with density due to volume, institute
Differed greatly by centrifugal force, will occur relative displacement each other in rotary course, aggregate performance is：Particle diameter and density
Centrifugal force suffered by bigger composition is bigger, it is intended to be displaced outwardly, and centrifugal force suffered by particle diameter and the smaller composition of density is smaller,
Then tend to opposed, inwardly directed movement.Embedded squeezing and frictional resistance effect and fines in centrifugal process between various composition are filled out to space
Use use as, finally reached with operating on centrifugal force after balance, then obtain the compact-type that average grain diameter is gradually reduced from outside to inside and mat formation
Structure.Specifically the principle of gradient formation is：Preliminary raising rotating speed after cavity is formed, coarse aggregate particle is maximum due to volume, suffered
Centrifugal force it is maximum, therefore start progressively outer shifting, shift to pipe die die wall, stabilization is reached with small part fine aggregate, cement and fiber
After constitute close framework dense structure so that in coarse aggregate of centrifuge outermost one composition of formation based on coarse aggregate
Layer；Then the rotating speed for improving centrifuge is increase centrifugal force, and the rough set bed of material (based on coarse aggregate, containing a small amount of fine aggregate) is due to skeleton
Embedded squeezing, inner frictional resistance are larger, and its component is stablized relatively, and relative displacement then further occurs for remaining fine aggregate, in coarse aggregate
Layer inner side is mixed to form thickness with remaining coarse aggregate and gathered materials transition zone, and gradually closely knit stabilization；With the extension of centrifugation time,
There is part fine aggregate to mix closely knit with Cement fibre under the action of the centrifugal again, progressively reach stabilization, gather materials in thickness in transition zone
Side forms fine aggregate layer of the composition of layer based on fine aggregate；The density of fiber is minimum, and bigger compared with water, and institute's centrifugalization will
Less than gathering materials, so progressively can be moved opposed, inwardly directed side in whole centrifugal process, finally assemble substantial amounts of fiber in inner side, increase
Closely knit stabilization is reached with remaining fine aggregate and cement after big centrifugal force, the higher fibrous layer of fiber content is formed in most inner side.
Finally give the average grain diameter gathered materials and the gradually transition of volume content through-thickness, and surface antiskid, wear-resisting and compressive property
Paving structure prefabricated section excellent and that bottom tensile property is superior.
In centrifuge during rotational forming, rotating speed control and its effect are as follows：
(1) starting rotating speed is 45~60r/min, and the time is 3~5min, mixture is uniformly distributed along template inwall, interior
Portion forms cavity；
(2) rotating speed is gradually then promoted to 130~140r/min, and maintains 5~7min, made scattered in coarse dispersion system
Phase --- coarse aggregate is gradually disengaged outer shifting from cement mortar medium, constitutes close coarse aggregate skeleton, the volume content of coarse aggregate
Between 52%~60%, while fine aggregate, cement and fiber fill the skeleton space of coarse aggregate, framework dense structure is formed,
Outermost formation main component is the rough set bed of material of coarse aggregate.Simultaneously in centrifugal process part fines (fine aggregate, cement and fibre
Dimension) move inward；
(3) rotating speed and then is gradually promoted to 160~180r/min, and maintains 8~10min, the increase of centrifugal force makes to remain
Remaining coarse aggregate continues to move laterally, assembles on the inside of the rough set bed of material, and being mixed to form thickness with part fine aggregate gathers materials transition
Layer, wherein the volume content of coarse aggregate is between 39%~45%, and the volume content of fine aggregate is between 25%~30%；Rotary course
In dispersed phase in finely divided system --- further separation is relatively interior from cement mortar medium moves for fine aggregate, with centrifugation time
Extension, fine aggregate gathers materials to assemble on the inside of transition zone and mix with cement and fiber in thickness reaches closely knit stabilization, and formation is carefully to collect
Expect the fine aggregate layer for main component, wherein the volume content of fine aggregate is between 50%~55%.Thickness is gathered materials transition zone and thin
Aggregate lift is suspension compact structure, while the volume content of fiber gradually increases, can realize the good mistake of compression and tension
Cross.Part of cement and fiber continue opposed, inwardly directed side movement in centrifugal process simultaneously；
(4) it is last that rotating speed is gradually being promoted to 200~215r/min, and 6~9min is maintained, make point in micro- disperse system
The further relatively interior shifting of separation, and gradually being reached with remaining fine aggregate and cement mixing from cement mortar medium of dephasing --- fiber
To closely knit stabilization, the higher fibrous layer of fiber content is formed, and be molded closely knit gradient distribution concrete pavement structure.It is fine
The content of fiber accounts for the 50%~55% of total fiber content in dimension layer, and the volume content for accounting for this layer reaches 3% or so, higher fibre
Dimension hplc imparts the good tensile property of paving structure bottom and fatigue performance, is effective against fatigue cracking destruction.
As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the pipe die used in above-mentioned preparation method, including at least three pipe die piece 5, the and of spacing block 6
Be flexibly connected between crawler belt 7, adjacent tubes matrix 5, and spacing block 6 is located between two pipe die pieces 5, spacing block 6 respectively with it is adjacent
Pipe die piece 5 be fixedly connected, pipe die piece 5 and spacing block 6 formation one annular solid；Crawler belt 7 is fixedly connected on the inwall of pipe die piece 5
On, the distance between the inner surface of spacing block 6 and the inner surface of crawler belt 7 are more than the new thickness for mixing paving structure of tubulose in centrifuge.
By taking the centrifuge of 3 pipe die pieces 5 as an example, pipe die piece includes the first pipe die piece 501, the second pipe die piece 502 and the 3rd
Pipe die piece 503, its installation process is as follows：
(1) link bolt 504 and link bolt 505 between pipe die piece are unscrewed first, by the first pipe die piece 501 and
Three pipe die pieces 503 deploy, and then crawler belt 7 is fixed on the second pipe die piece 502 by bolt；
(2) then the first pipe die piece 501 and the 3rd pipe die piece 503 are closed up, and continues crawler belt 7 being fixed on the first pipe die
On the pipe die piece 503 of piece 501 and the 3rd, crawler belt is set to be brought into close contact with pipe die wall, so as to obtain with annular pipe die jaggy；
(3) spacing block 6 is assembled on the breach of pipe die, assembling is divided into two steps：The first step is by two ends of crawler belt 7
The preformed groove for loading the both sides of spacing block 6 is fixed；Second step is to screw the fixing bolt between spacing block 6 and pipe die piece,
To fix spacing block 6, so as to obtain the pipe die for shaping test piece 8.
During using pipe die, concrete mixing raw material is added from centrifuge pipe die both sides, finally with capping closing pipe die two
End, you can start centrifugal rotation, shaping test piece 8.After test specimen 8 is molded, pipe die is taken out from centrifuge, fixed carry out is dismantled first
With 7 bolt, then the link bolt between three pipe die pieces is unscrewed, and dismantles the bolt of connection spacing block 6 and pipe die piece,
Locking of the spacing block to two ends of crawler belt is released, spacing block is removed, two ends of crawler belt is clamped, then by the first pipe die
The pipe die piece 503 of piece 501 and the 3rd gradually deploys to both sides simultaneously, and crawler belt 7 is deployed, lifts and shakeout while expansion, will be tried
Part 8 flatten after, crawler belt is removed after final set, standard conditions (temperature be 20 ± 2 DEG C, relative humidity be 95%) under conserve 28 days.
Example is as one example below.
A kind of road surface or road face paving structure, the raw material of use include：(i.e. coarse aggregate, its level matches somebody with somebody model to basaltic broken stone
Enclose be shown in Table 1), quartz sand (i.e. fine aggregate, its grading limit be shown in Table 2), portland cement (42.5R), PVA fibers (length 20mm,
50 μm of diameter, density 1.3g/cm3, tensile strength 1200MPa), water, high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, promote solidifying early strength agent and froth breaking
Agent.
The coarse aggregate grading limit of table 1
| Rectangular mesh size (mm) | 31.5 | 26.5 | 19 | 16 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 |
| Accumulative screen over-size (%) | 2.5 | 27.5 | 50 | 65 | 82.5 | 95 | 97.5 |
The fine aggregate grading limit of table 2
| Rectangular mesh size (mm) | 4.75 | 2.36 | 1.18 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 |
| Accumulative screen over-size (%) | 3 | 18 | 45 | 65 | 81 | 95 |
The mass ratio of each component is：Coarse aggregate: fine aggregate: portland cement: water: high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid: promote solidifying early
Strong agent: defoamer=3: 1.5: 1: 0.6: 0.01: 0.0008: 0.002；Fiber volume accounts for the 0.75% of compound cumulative volume.
The step of preparing road surface and road face paving structure is as follows：
Step 10：In concrete agitating drum, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement are added, mixture is formed；With 90r/min
Speed stir 3 minutes so that each component be well mixed.
Step 20：Water, water reducer and defoamer are added into mixture, is then stirred 8 minutes with 90r/min, forms mixed
Solidifying soil mixture.
Step 30：PVA fibers are added in the slurry prepared to step 20, are stirred 16 minutes with 180r/min, fiber is formed
Concrete mix.
Step 40：The solidifying early strength agent of fiber concrete mixture and rush prepared by step 30 is added in the pipe die of centrifuge,
To originate rotating speed as 50r/min operation centrifuges, run time is 3~5min, makes fiber concrete mixture along pipe die inwall
It is uniformly distributed, and is internally formed cavity；Then rotating speed is gradually promoted to 140r/min, and maintains 6min, then will gradually turned
Speed is promoted to 170r/min, and maintains 9min；Rotating speed is gradually finally promoted to 210r/min, and maintains 8min, outlet pipe is prepared
Paving structure is mixed in the new of shape.
Step 50：The new of tubulose is mixed after paving structure initial set, dismantles pipe die, and the new paving structure of mixing of tubulose is taken out and spread out
It is flat, formed and rectangular-shaped new mix paving structure；
Step 60：The new of tubulose is mixed after paving structure final set, and crawler belt is dismantled from new mix on paving structure, new mix is mated formation
Structure is conserved, so that paving structure prefabricated section is made.
Comparative example 1：
Using the material of examples detailed above 1, by same proportioning, but without PVA fibers, it is in existing normal agitation method
Uniform blending method, pours the concrete slab of one piece of equal thickness.
Comparative example 2
Using the material of examples detailed above 1, by same proportioning, fiber containing PVA is uniform in existing normal agitation method
Blending method, pours the concrete slab of one piece of equal thickness.
The sample that example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are obtained is positioned over same fog room, is 20 ± 2 DEG C, phase in temperature
To humidity be 95% under conditions of, conserve 28 days.
Compression strength is carried out to three pieces of samples prepared by example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 below and bending tensile strength is tried
Test.
After maintenance terminates, three pieces of samples are cut into girder test specimen (3 every piece, totally 9), (every piece 3 of cube specimen
It is individual, totally 9), four-point bending test, compressive strength test are carried out respectively, are averaged and are calculated and compared.Test specimen will retain
All layers of position on thickness direction, test specimen actual size is shown in Table 3.Result of the test is as shown in table 4.
The sample dimensions of table 3
| Test specimen | Girder test specimen | Cube specimen |
| Sample dimensions (mm) | 195×195×750 | 195×195×195 |
The bending resistance drawing of table 4, cubic compressive strength result of the test
Bending tensile strength compares：The test data of table 4 shows that the bending tensile strength of example 1 is not than mixing the common mixed of fiber
Solidifying soil (i.e. comparative example 1) is high by 40.0%, and the concrete (i.e. comparative example 2) than mixing fiber is high by 14.8%.The limiting flexibility ratio of example 1
Comparative example 2 high 14.3%, due to not having the enhancing effect of contraction of fiber in comparative example 1, so amount of deflection is then than example 1 and comparative example
2 is much lower.Experimental result explanation：The bending resistance of fiber in example 1 draws performance to serve good enhancing effect, shows as bending resistance
Tensile strength and toughness (deformability) are greatly improved relative to plain concrete (i.e. comparative example 1), while identical fibre content
Under, also there is the lifting of certain amplitude compared with the fiber concrete (i.e. comparative example 2) of uniform mix.Because example 1 can make
Fiber gradient distribution, makes it in paving structure bottom advancing side distributive law highest, so as to improve bending tensile strength and fibre
The utilization rate of dimension, and then play a part of saving fiber consumption, with good project benefit.
Compression strength compares：The compression strength value of example 1 has certain increase compared with concrete prepared by commonsense method, about compares
Plain concrete (i.e. comparative example 2) increase by 6%.It can be seen that, although the embedded squeezing that gradient distribution reduces coarse aggregate to a certain extent is made
With, but centrifugal action makes paving structure become more closely knit, and adding the constraint humidification of fiber makes the pressure resistance of paving structure
Degree is necessarily strengthened.Although compression strength enhancing it is unobvious, its anti-bending strength is greatly improved, and this exactly we
The material property needed in actual use.
Anti-slide performance measure is carried out to the test specimen of example 1, construction depth and pendulum value are determined respectively.The result of the test such as institute of table 5
Show.
The anti-skid test result of table 5
| Antiskid index | Desired value |
| Construction depth (mm) | 1.02 |
| Pendulum value | 68 |
Anti-skid test result shows：The example 1 prepared using the present invention is because surface possesses regular veins, so surface has
There is superior antiskid performance, construction depth reaches 1.02, far above antiskid technical indicator value 0.55, pendulum value (coefficient of friction) reaches
68, higher than antiskid technical indicator value 59.
Tensile strength to the paving structure material of examples detailed above is tested with change in depth.Method of testing：By example 1
Paving structure test specimen sample be cut into 6 3cm × 3cm × 20cm girder test specimens in the range of different depth in a thickness direction,
Interception 6 depth boundses be respectively：0~3cm, 4~7cm, 7~10cm, 10.5~13.5cm, 13.5~16.5cm, 16.5
~19.5cm, each depth bounds respectively takes 3 girder test specimens, obtains 6 groups of girder test specimens.The tension for measuring 6 groups of test specimens respectively is strong
Spend and average and represent the tensile strength of each group test specimen, with this 6 tensile strength values approximate representation samples depth 1.5cm,
Tensile strength at 5.5cm, 8.5cm, 12cm, 15cm, 18cm.And draw tendency chart of the tensile strength with change in depth.As a result
As shown in Figure 7.In Fig. 7, abscissa represents tensile strength, and ordinate represents the depth of test specimen, the face on the basis of the top surface of test specimen,
That is the depth of test specimen top surface is zero.The concrete slab of mating formation of examples detailed above as can be seen from this figure, its tensile strength is in height
Reveal the trend of graded, i.e. tensile strength from the top in the end face gradually to increase, it was demonstrated that material tensile property possesses gradient point
The characteristic of cloth.Tensile strength in bottom is maximum, and bottom girder test specimen tensile strength reaches 2.68MPa, compared to common coagulation
Native tensile strength (about 1.75MPa) wants big by 53% or so, effectively enhances material and tension and drawing are resisted in practical application
Adaptability to changes.
Compression strength to the paving structure material of examples detailed above is tested with change in depth.Method of testing：By example 1
Paving structure test specimen sample be cut into 5 4cm × 4cm × 4cm cube resistance to compressions in the range of different depth in a thickness direction
Intensity test piece, 5 depth boundses of interception are respectively：0~4cm, 4~8cm, 8~12cm, 12~16cm, 15.5~19.5cm
Each depth bounds respectively takes 3 cube specimens, obtains 5 groups of cube specimens.The compression strength of 5 groups of test specimens is measured respectively and is taken
Average value represents the compression strength of each group test specimen, with this 5 tensile strength values approximate representation samples depth 2cm, 6cm, 10cm,
Compression strength at 14cm, 17.5cm.And draw tendency chart of the compression strength with change in depth.As a result it is as shown in Figure 8.In Fig. 8,
Abscissa represents compression strength, and ordinate represents the depth of test specimen, the depth in the face on the basis of the top surface of test specimen, i.e. test specimen top surface
It is zero.As can be seen from this figure：The compression strength of the concrete slab of mating formation of examples detailed above shows becoming for graded with height
Gesture, i.e. compression strength are gradually increased by the bottom surface of test specimen to top surface, it was demonstrated that material compressive property possesses the characteristic of gradient distribution.Top
The compression strength in portion has certain increase, and compression strength reaches 51.7MPa, compared to the compression strength at the top of normal concrete (about
For 45.84MPa) want big by 13% or so, on the premise of concrete whole compressive strength is ensured, local enhancement top area
Compressive property, more adapts to the stress characteristic of pavement of road and airfield pavement under actual conditions.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of a kind of pavement of road or airfield pavement paving structure, it is characterised in that the preparation method includes following
Step：
S10：In concrete agitating drum, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement are added, mixture is formed；Dry mix so that each
Component is well mixed；
S20：Water, water reducer and defoamer are added into mixture, is then stirred, concrete mix is formed；
S30：Fiber is added in the concrete mix prepared to step S20, stirs, obtains fiber concrete mixture；
S40：Fiber concrete mixture prepared by step S30 and promote solidifying early strength agent and add in the pipe die of centrifuge, run from
Scheming, makes fiber concrete mixture be uniformly distributed along pipe die inwall, and be internally formed cavity；Then rotating speed is stepped up, is increased
Big centrifugal force, the rough set bed of material (1) of paving structure, thickness are gradually formed in centrifuge and is gathered materials transition zone (2), fine aggregate layer
(3) and fibrous layer (4), prepare the new of tubulose and mixes paving structure；
S50：The new of tubulose is mixed after paving structure initial set, dismantles pipe die, and the new paving structure of mixing of tubulose is taken out and shakeout, formation
Rectangular-shaped newly mixes paving structure；
S60：Rectangular-shaped newly mixes after paving structure final set, crawler belt is dismantled from new mix on paving structure, to newly mixing paving structure
Maintenance, so that paving structure prefabricated section is made.
2. according to the preparation method of the paving structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step S10, mixing drum
Rotating speed be 60~100t/min, the dry mixing time be 2~3min.
3. according to the preparation method of the paving structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step S20, mixing drum
Rotating speed be 60~100r/min, 8~10min of mixing time.
4. according to the preparation method of the paving structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step S30, mixing drum
Rotating speed be 150~240r/min, mixing time be 16~20min；The density of described fiber is 1.2~1.6g/cm3, draw
Intensity is stretched more than 1000MPa.
5. according to the preparation method of the paving structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step S40, in pipe die
Inwall fixes one layer of crawler belt, and in the external coating interleaving agent of crawler belt；Internal track surfaces are provided with parallel to crawler width direction
Convex stripe, adjacent stripes spacing is unequal.
6. according to the preparation method of the paving structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step S40, centrifuge
Starting rotating speed be 45~60r/min, run time be 3~5min, fiber concrete mixture is uniformly divided along pipe die inwall
Cloth, and it is internally formed cavity.
7. according to the preparation method of the paving structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step S40, progressively carry
High rotating speed refers to：Rotating speed is first gradually lifted to 130~140r/min, and maintains 5~7min, in the outermost formation rough set bed of material
(1)；Then rotating speed is gradually lifted to 160~180r/min, and maintains 8~10min, is gradually formed on the inside of the rough set bed of material (1)
Thickness gather materials transition zone (2) and fine aggregate layer (3)；Finally gradually lifting rotating speed to 200~215r/min, and maintains 6~9min,
Fibrous layer (4) is formed on the inside of fine aggregate layer (3).
8. according to the preparation method of the paving structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step S50, when pre-hardening
Between be 80~90min；In described step S60, final setting time is 270~285min, and described maintenance is that paving structure is covered
Lid plastic sheeting is conserved, and curing time is 28 days.
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| CN108037028A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-05-15 | 东南大学 | Paving interface shearing-resistance method for testing fatigue and device under a kind of vehicle braking condition |
| CN108673709A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-10-19 | 许新东 | A kind of ceramic grout assembly line |
| CN113831053A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-24 | 北京工业大学 | Gradient concrete material with small bending deformation and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107726976A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-23 | 福建农林大学 | The method for determining face cutting two-end-point |
| CN114716207A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-08 | 东南大学 | Gradient hybrid oriented fiber concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103334365A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-02 | 东南大学 | Paving structure and paving method for quickly recovering functions of pavement and bridge floor |
| CN104846740A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-08-19 | 南通大学 | Large-span steel box beam bridge deck pavement layer material gradient structure pavement construction method |
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| JP2003160370A (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-03 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Water permeable concrete product and pavement for driveway |
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| CN204151643U (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-02-11 | 广西交通职业技术学院 | A kind of road surface composite sync seal coat structure |
| CN103850164B (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2016-03-09 | 郑州市公路工程公司 | The construction method of penetrating induction type drainage pavement of a kind of long-life |
| CN105926399B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2018-06-08 | 上海浦东路桥建设股份有限公司 | Extraordinary grading modified asphalt mixture face layer and its method for paving |
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| CN103334365A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-02 | 东南大学 | Paving structure and paving method for quickly recovering functions of pavement and bridge floor |
| CN104846740A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-08-19 | 南通大学 | Large-span steel box beam bridge deck pavement layer material gradient structure pavement construction method |
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| CN108037028A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-05-15 | 东南大学 | Paving interface shearing-resistance method for testing fatigue and device under a kind of vehicle braking condition |
| CN108673709A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-10-19 | 许新东 | A kind of ceramic grout assembly line |
| CN113831053A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-24 | 北京工业大学 | Gradient concrete material with small bending deformation and preparation method thereof |
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