CN107129183A - 混凝土防水剂 - Google Patents
混凝土防水剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107129183A CN107129183A CN201710364092.5A CN201710364092A CN107129183A CN 107129183 A CN107129183 A CN 107129183A CN 201710364092 A CN201710364092 A CN 201710364092A CN 107129183 A CN107129183 A CN 107129183A
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Classifications
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- C04B24/42—Organo-silicon compounds
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
- C04B41/495—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as oligomers or polymers
- C04B41/4961—Polyorganosiloxanes, i.e. polymers with a Si-O-Si-O-chain; "silicones"
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
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- C04B41/64—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal of carbon-to-silicon linkages
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/045—Polysiloxanes containing less than 25 silicon atoms
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
- C04B2111/0062—Gypsum-paper board like materials
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于处理多孔基板的包含乳液的防水剂组合物，所述乳液包含水、至少一种表面活性剂和具有下式的硅氧烷共聚物：
Description
分案申请说明
本申请系申请日为2012年09月19日、国际申请号为PCT/US2012/056109、进入中国国家阶段后的国家申请号为201280045352.8、题为“混凝土防水剂”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关专利申请的交叉引用和关于联邦政府基金资助研究的声明
无。
技术领域
本发明涉及硅氧烷共聚物砌体防水剂组合物，更具体地讲，涉及用于处理多孔基板(如混凝土)的组合物，该组合物为一种乳液，其包含诸如直链甲基氢-甲基烷基硅氧烷的共聚物。
背景技术
对基板施加防水性或改善其防水性是多种基板所需要的，包括有机或无机建筑构件，例如混凝土、砌体、灰墁、天然或人造石材、陶瓷、陶瓦砖、石膏板、纤维水泥板或其它包含水泥的产品、木质刨花板、木塑复合材料、定向结构板(OSB)或木材。
通常将防水组合物施涂到基板外表面，在基板上形成防水剂涂层以防该基板发生风化或其它劣化，从而获得所期望的防水性能。至少应对建筑材料的最外表面进行处理，从而使其具有防水性。
有机硅化合物以其耐久性、良好的疏水性和易用性而被用作防水剂。最初使用溶剂和甲基硅烷醇盐中的有机硅树脂作为有机硅防水剂化合物。然后使用溶剂中的硅氧烷和硅烷基产品。新一代防水剂出于环保原因和易用性而一般为水基性的。活性成分包含硅氧烷、有机硅树脂或硅烷(以及它们的组合)。例如，US 5074912公开了一种利用含硅氧烷的乳液处理多孔基板的防水剂组合物，所述硅氧烷为直链甲基氢-甲基烷基硅氧烷共聚物或甲基氢-甲基烷基环硅氧烷共聚物。然而，该产品的挥发性有机物含量(VOC)高于100g/L，但期望的是VOC小于100g/L甚至小于50g/L的乳液。
WO200813423A1描述了一种用于施加防水性的有机硅乳液，其中包含苯基倍半硅氧烷且VOC含量低于100g/L。然而，根据该公开所述的乳液缺乏反应性和渗透深度，无法满足长期保护混凝土结构或其它多孔建筑材料的要求。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于处理多孔基板的包含乳液的防水剂组合物，所述乳液包含水、至少一种表面活性剂和具有下式的硅氧烷共聚物：
其中R为具有1至3个碳原子的烷基；a具有1至12的值；R’为具有8至12个碳原子的烷基，b≥2；(a+b)为至少5。
具体实施方式
术语的定义和用法
除非另外指明，否则所有数量、比率和百分比均按重量计。除非本说明书的上下文另外指明，否则冠词“一个”、“一种”和“所述”各指一个(一种)或多个(多种)。范围的公开内容包括范围本身以及其中所包含的任何值以及端点。例如，范围2.0至4.0的公开内容不仅包括范围2.0至4.0，而且还单独地包括2.1、2.3、3.4、3.5和4.0以及该范围中所包含的任何其他数字。此外，例如2.0至4.0的范围的公开内容包括子集例如2.1至3.5、2.3至3.4、2.6至3.7以及3.8至4.0以及该范围中所包含的任何其他子集。类似地，马库什群组(Markushgroup)的公开内容包括整个群组以及任何单独成员及其中所包含的子群。例如，马库什群组氢原子、烷基基团、芳基基团、芳烷基基团或烷芳基基团的公开内容包括单独的成员烷基；烷基和芳基子群；以及其中所包含的任何其他单独成员和子群。
据发现，根据本发明的乳液相比于先前已知的乳液能够具有低VOC。我们发现根据本发明的方法提供了一种能够满足下列要求的处理：
a)耐风化。
b)显示能够显著渗透到多孔基板内。由于运输原因，某些表面会遭受严重磨损。因此磨损会除去表面处理层。所以，某些防水剂标准包括磨损试验。
c)根据ASTM D 5095，VOC含量低于100g/L并且优选低于50g/L
d)具有高隔水率，从而有效防止氯离子进入，就钢筋混凝土而言氯离子可能引起腐蚀。
烷基烷氧基硅烷(如正辛基三乙氧基硅烷)能够满足这些要求中的大多数；然而它们与基板反应过程中会释放出醇类，因此为高VOC产品。例如，经常用于混凝土防护(如作为水基有机硅防水剂的活性成分)的正辛基三乙氧基硅烷具有>300g/L的VOC。
为了满足这些要求，钢筋混凝土的低VOC防水剂乳液的潜在活性成分应当具有小分子尺寸，以便深入渗透到混凝土材料孔隙中，与基板发生化学反应或可自身发生交联，在高pH条件下耐降解，同时没有挥发性。然而，没有挥发性意味着活性化合物需要大于特定的分子量。因此，一些要求是相冲突的。
根据结构(I)的有机硅氧烷能够满足这些要求。
·优选地，R为Me。
·优选地，b≥a/2。
·优选地，(a+b)>6
·更优选地，(a+b)≥8
·优选地，按照ASTM D 5095，根据本发明的组合物具有低于100g/L的挥发性有机物含量。
·更优选地，按照ASTM D 5095，该组合物具有低于50g/L的挥发性有机物含量。
·优选地，在乳化之前，去除硅氧烷共聚物中未反应的烯烃和烯烃的异构化产物。从而得到基本上不含烯烃的组合物，例如，烯烃的含量低于0.1重量％。
本发明还提供了用以上定义的组合物对基板进行处理从而改善其防水性的方法。
在另一个实施例中，通过在基板起始物质中或在基板制造过程中添加组合物从而改善基板的防水性。
优选地，基板为混凝土，尤其是钢筋混凝土、砌体、水泥、灰墁、天然或人造石材、陶瓷、陶瓦砖、石膏板、纤维水泥板或其它包含水泥的产品、木质刨花板、木塑复合材料、定向结构板或木材。
该组合物可包含除硅氧烷共聚物以外的其它成分，前提条件是所述其它成分不会使总组合物的VOC等级显著降级。例如，可以向组合物中添加硅烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)或有机硅树脂。虽然根据(I)的硅氧烷共聚物可原样使用或在溶于不含VOC的溶剂中使用，但优选水基产品，因为其具有良好的易用性和环保优势。
本发明提供了通过如下方式制备乳液的方法
1)将如下物质组合：
i)水
ii)具有选自下列的式的硅氧烷共聚物
其中R为具有1至3个碳原子的烷基；a具有1至12的值；R’为具有6至12个碳原子的烷基；b的值为至少2；(a+b)为至少5。
iii)表面活性剂
2)均化组合的组分以形成乳液。
3)任选地混入另外的水和另外的成分。
硅氧烷共聚物可以由烯烃与包含硅氢基团的直链硅氧烷反应获得，最终获得具有低VOC的有效防水活性化合物。我们发现从反应产物中去除任何未反应的挥发性反应物很重要，另外，需要最大限度减小烯烃与直链硅氧烷的比率。此外，烯烃的链长不宜过短，以便得到低VOC含量；也不宜过长，以便能充分渗透到多孔基板中。
优选地，烯烃为1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-十二碳烯或1-异辛烯。
4)优选地，烯烃与SiH基团的摩尔比为至少0.2:1。
5)优选地，烯烃与SiH基团的摩尔比为至少0.25:1。
其中分散油相为式(I)的有机硅氧烷的水乳液可通过多种方法制得，例如通过将有机硅烷与乳化剂共混并将共混物分散到水中制得。式(I)的有机硅氧烷可以在乳化之前或乳化过程中部分或完全水解为相应的硅烷醇。该过程不会增加VOC。
乳化剂为能够稳定水乳液的表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物。表面活性剂可为阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物。非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂通常结合使用。优选包含两种或更多种非离子表面活性剂的混合物。
合适的非离子表面活性剂的代表性例子包括：氧化乙烯与长链脂肪醇或脂肪酸(如C 12-16醇)的缩合物、氧化乙烯与胺或酰胺的缩合物、氧化乙烯与氧化丙烯的缩合产物、甘油酯、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、脂肪酸烷基醇酰胺、蔗糖酯以及脂肪胺氧化物。还可使用有机硅表面活性剂和氟表面活性剂。合适的市售非离子表面活性剂的代表性例子包括新泽西州爱迪生市的禾大公司(Croda,Edison,New Jersey)以商品名BRIJ销售的聚氧乙烯脂肪醇。一些例子是BRIJ L23(称为聚氧乙烯(23)月桂基醚的一种乙氧基化醇)和BRIJ L4(称为聚氧乙烯(4)月桂基醚的另一种乙氧基化醇)。另外的非离子表面活性剂包括密歇根州米德兰的陶氏化学公司(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,Michigan)以商标TERGITOL(R)销售的乙氧基化醇，包括TERGITOL(R)15-S-5、TERGITOL(R)15-S-12、TERGITOL(R)15-S-15和TERGITOL(R)15-S-40。有机硅表面活性剂的例子包括密歇根州米德兰的道康宁公司(DowCorning Corporation,Mildand,Michigan)以商品名Dow Corning销售的有机硅聚醚，例如Dow Corning(R)Q2-5247流体和Dow Corning(R)Q2-5211超润湿剂。当使用表面活性剂的混合物时，有益的是使混合物中至少一种表面活性剂具有低亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)，例如，低于12，而其他具有大于12的高HLB，使得组合的有效HLB处于9-20的范围内，优选处于10-18的范围内。
合适的阴离子表面活性剂的代表性例子包括高级脂肪酸的碱金属皂、烷基芳基磺酸盐(例如十二烷基苯磺酸钠)、长链脂肪醇硫酸盐、烯烃硫酸盐和烯烃磺酸盐、硫酸化单甘油酯、硫酸酯、磺化乙氧基醇、磺基琥珀酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、磷酸酯、烷基羟乙基磺酸盐、烷基牛磺酸盐和烷基肌氨酸盐。
合适的阳离子表面活性剂的代表性例子包括：烷基胺盐、季铵盐、锍盐以及鏻鎓盐。合适的两性表面活性剂的代表性例子包括：咪唑啉化合物、烷基氨基酸盐以及甜菜碱。
乳化剂的用量可以为基于有机硅氧烷重量计的0.1重量％至40重量％，优选为0.5重量％至10重量％。为实现最佳的稳定性，水相应当具有微酸性pH，例如pH 4至pH 6.5。可使用缓冲溶液稳定所需的pH。根据本发明的有机硅氧烷在此类水包油乳液中的浓度可以为总组合物重量的1重量％至85重量％、或者5重量％至80重量％，但更优选地在10重量％和80重量％之间。如果乳液中包含第二种疏水剂(例如聚二甲基硅氧烷)，则有机硅氧烷与第二种疏水剂的总浓度可以为例如总组合物重量的约1重量％至最多99重量％。此类水包油乳液中乳化剂的浓度可以例如在总组合物重量的0.1重量％和20重量％之间。水可以例如总组合物重量的0.5重量％至89.5重量％存在。在每种情况下，当提及％数值时，总和为100％，乳液中的其余部分由其它成分组成，这些成分通常为水和一种或多种表面活性剂以及任选的添加剂，其总含量为100％。
根据本发明的有机硅氧烷的乳液可包含有机硅乳液中已知的各种添加剂，例如填料、着色剂(如染料或颜料)、热稳定剂、阻燃剂、紫外线稳定剂、杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、增稠剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、冻融稳定剂或用于缓冲pH的无机盐类。此类物质可以在有机硅氧烷乳化之前或之后添加到有机硅烷中。
乳液可以配制为凝胶或霜剂形式。这可通过在乳液中使用增稠剂(例如膨润土或蒙脱石)或使乳液中的活性有机硅氧烷含量达到60％以上至85％而实现。此类高有机硅烷含量的霜剂可通过如下方法形成：由少量有机硅氧烷与所有的乳化剂和水制得流动性水乳液，使用胶体磨、高速定子和转子搅拌器或高压乳化装置将剩余的有机硅氧烷混入乳液中。
在一个优选的实施例中，除硅氧烷共聚物以外，防水剂组合物还包含可提供疏水性的其它组分，例如有机油类、蜡类或烷基硅烷，前提条件是VOC含量不增加至所需的值之上。
在一个优选的实施例中，除硅氧烷共聚物以外，防水剂组合物还包含其它组分，所述组分优选地不会显著影响(例如)聚硅氧烷或有机硅树脂的VOC含量。
本发明包括将组合物施涂到最终基板上，从而利用该组合物改善基板的防水性。在一种变型中，通过在基板制造之前或制造过程中将组合物添加到起始物质中，从而利用该组合物改善基板的防水性。
实例
这些实例旨在举例说明本发明，并且不应解释为限制权利要求书中所述的本发明的范围。
挥发性有机物含量VOC
出于监管目的测定挥发性有机(化合物)含量(VOC)在一定程度上比较复杂，因为根据美国和其它国家的环境保护局和许多地方政府的规定，VOC用质量/体积(即，克/升)表示；因此，VOC计算可涉及测定单独的组分密度，考虑不计入的组分，并且在水基配方中还需要排除水——然而，活性成分或混合物或者活性成分或混合物的乳液中的VOC主要还取决于活性组分的挥发物含量。对于本发明，采用方法ASTM 5095：“Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Nonvolatile Content(NVC)in Silanes,Siloxanes and Silane-Siloxane Blends Used in Masonry Water Repellent Treatments”(用于测定砌体防水剂处理所用的硅烷、硅氧烷和硅烷-硅氧烷共混物中的非挥发物含量(NVC)的标准测试方法)与促进反应的酸催化剂(对-甲苯磺酸)相结合测量挥发物含量，并在将测试溶液放入烘箱之前增加室温引发时间以允许反应发生。然后按照EPA方法24，根据下式计算VOC：
VOC＝{100-NVC％-水％-排除溶剂％)*产物密度(g/mL}/{1-(涂层密度(g/L)*水％)/(水的密度*100)-(涂层密度(g/mL)*排除溶剂％)/(排除溶剂的密度*100)}
渗透深度DOP
在标准条件下，当处理固化至少7天后，对渗透深度进行测试。为此，使用凿子将经过处理的基板分开，在新鲜表面施涂水性油墨或水溶性染料溶液。经过处理的基板部分将不会被油墨溶液润湿，而未处理过的芯部将会染色。用尺子测量所得到的线条与经过处理的表面之间的距离。
隔水率
利用RILEM(Reunion Internationale des Laboratoires d’Essais et deRecherches sur les Materiaux et les Constructions)测试II.4(水平版)测试经过处理的混凝土(或砂浆)块随时间推移的吸水率，该方法设计用于测量砌体材料表面(5cm2暴露表面)在指定时间段内的吸水量。给出各种时间后每个块体的吸水量，单位为mL。使用未处理过的混凝土块作为参比(‘ref’)。
浸水测试
为测定经过处理的基板在浸泡条件下对吸水的抗性，对合适的混凝土或砂浆立方块(测得每边长2英寸，即每边长约5厘米)进行处理以达到所需的覆盖率—例如，0.5升/平方米或150平方英尺/加仑。经过处理的基板固化所需的时间后，称量干重，然后完全浸入水中，从而使基板完全被覆盖。通过如下方式测量吸水率：在规定时间从水中取出基板，从表面吸干水分并称量块体的重量。为便于比较，还测量了一组未处理过的对照块体，然后可将吸水率报告为与(平均)未处理过的对照相比的百分比隔水率。例如，如果未处理过的立方块吸收了20重量％的水，而经过处理的立方块吸收了2重量％，那么与未处理过的对照相比的隔水率将是90％。
实例1a和b
合成硅氧烷共聚物。
使用标准的铂硅氢加成催化剂(氯铂酸)，使三甲基封端的甲基氢化硅氧烷(聚合度大约为8)与1-辛烯在100℃下反应。使用68.2％硅氧烷与31.8％1-辛烯的重量比。通过蒸馏去除未反应的1-辛烯，获得根据式(I)的硅氧烷，其粘度为22.6厘沲(利用玻璃毛细管粘度计在25℃测得)。该硅氧烷具有根据ASTM测得的10％的VOC含量和0.94的比重，意味着VOC含量为94g/L。
制备低VOC乳液，实例1a
使用如下工序，用6.00g Brij LT4、8.42g Brij LT23和345.59g去离子水对240.08g的上述硅氧烷进行乳化。
1)称量去离子水—在40-45℃对其进行预处理并在添加不同成分的过程中保持这一温度。
2)向水中加入表面活性剂，并使用配有螺杆的IKA搅拌器混合约2分钟
3)在搅拌过程中向水/表面活性剂的混合物中加入硅烷。(IKA总混合时间IKA＝5分钟)
4)利用Ultra Turax搅拌器以24000rpm混合乳液约2分钟
5)使乳液穿过Rannie匀化器以得到最终的粒度(压力为600-650巴)
获得一定粒度的白色乳液，利用Malvern Mastersizer以体积模式测得的粒度为：d(0.1)＝0.17μm，d(0.5)＝0.29μm，d(0.9)＝0.49μm。所获得的乳液的VOC为<100g/L。用大约200g/m2上述乳液的活性组分对混凝土块进行处理，并使用Rilem方法测量隔水率。
| Rilem测试 | 5分钟 | 30分钟 | 1小时 | 2小时 | 4小时 | 8小时 | 24小时 |
| 室温 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.25 | 0.8 |
| 1000小时QUV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
| 2000小时QUV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| 参比未经过处理 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 4 | >4 | >4 | >4 |
测试表明，处理组的吸水率与未处理过的参比相比大大降低，并且处理组耐风化性能稳定。
根据EN 196-1制得砂浆立方块并将其浸入上述乳液中处理120秒。立方块在室温下干燥18天，并将其在水中浸泡24小时以测量吸水率。吸水率为0.83％(3个立方块的平均值)，相比之下，未处理过的参比的吸水率为7.05％(3个立方块的平均值)。测试砂浆立方块的DOP并得出为3mm。
制备低VOC乳液，实例1b
使用如下工序，用1.50g Brij LT4、2.11g Brij LT23和71.4g去离子水对60.00g上述硅氧烷和15.01g羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(25℃下的粘度为70mPa.s)进行乳化。
1)称量去离子水—在40-45℃对其进行预处理并在添加不同成分的过程中保持这一温度。
2)向水中加入表面活性剂，并使用配有螺杆的IKA搅拌器混合约2分钟
3)在搅拌过程中向水/表面活性剂的混合物中加入硅烷。(IKA总混合时间IKA＝5分钟)
4)利用Ultra Turax搅拌器以24000rpm混合乳液约2分钟。
获得白色乳液。所获得的乳液的VOC为<100g/L。
根据EN 196-1制得砂浆立方块并将其浸入上述乳液中处理120秒。立方块在室温下干燥18天，并将其在水中浸泡24小时以测量吸水率。吸水率为0.84％(3个立方块的平均值)，相比之下，未处理过的参比的吸水率为7.05％(3个立方块的平均值)。测试砂浆立方块的DOP并得出为3mm。
比较例1：
使用0.5:1的烯烃与SiH基团的摩尔比，使1-辛烯与甲基氢直链硅氧烷(如实例1中的硅氧烷)反应。汽提混合物之前，产物在20℃下的密度为0.913g/mL，并且根据ASTM D5905测得的挥发物含量为15％。因此，流体的VOC含量为137.0g/L。
实例2：
根据比较例1所述的反应混合物被真空汽提，产物在20℃下的粘度为47mPas，20℃下的密度为0.924g/mL，并且根据ASTM D5905测得的挥发物含量为5％。因此，流体的VOC含量为49.6g/L。
比较例2：
使用0.3:1的烯烃与SiH基团的摩尔比，使1-己烯与甲基氢直链硅氧烷(如实例1中的硅氧烷)反应。汽提混合物之前，产物在20℃下的密度为0.928g/mL，并且根据ASTM D5905测得的挥发物含量为15％。因此，流体的VOC含量为139.2g/L。
实例3：
根据比较例2所述的反应混合物被真空汽提，产物在20℃下的粘度为25mPas，20℃下的密度为0.937g/mL，并且根据ASTM D5905测得的挥发物含量为10％。因此，流体的VOC含量为93.7g/L。
比较例3：
使用0.5:1的烯烃与SiH基团的摩尔比，使1-己烯与甲基氢直链硅氧烷(如实例1中的硅氧烷)反应。汽提混合物之前，产物在20℃下的密度为0.885g/mL，并且根据ASTM D5905测得的挥发物含量为13％。因此，流体的VOC含量为115.1g/L。
实例4：
真空汽提反应混合物之后，产物在20℃下的粘度为27mPas，20℃下的密度为0.893g/mL，并且根据ASTM D5905测得的挥发物含量为9％。因此，流体的VOC含量为80.4g/L。
按照实例1a和b所示的方法对实例2-4的流体进行乳化。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于处理多孔基板的包含乳液的防水剂组合物，所述乳液包含水、至少一种表面活性剂和具有下式的硅氧烷共聚物：
其中R为具有1至3个碳原子的烷基；a具有1至12的值；R’为具有6至12个碳原子的烷基，b≥2；(a+b)为至少5并且基本上不含烯烃，其中所述组合物的挥发性有机物含量根据ASTMD 5095低于100g/L，
其中硅氧烷共聚物由烯烃与包含硅氢基团的直链硅氧烷反应获得，烯烃与SiH基团的摩尔比为至少0.2:1，
其中所述硅氧烷共聚物经过真空汽提。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其中R为Me。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物，其中所述有机硅氢被部分地或完全地水解为对应的硅烷醇。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物，其中b≥a/2。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物，其中(a+b)≥6。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物，其中(a+b)≥8。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述组合物的挥发性有机物含量根据ASTM D5095低于50g/L。
8.一种制备乳液的方法，其通过：
1)将如下物质组合：
i)水；
ii)具有下式的硅氧烷共聚物
其中R为具有1至3个碳原子的烷基；a具有1至12的值；R’为具有6至12个碳原子的烷基；b的值为至少2；(a+b)为至少5；
iii)表面活性剂；
2)均化组合的组分以形成乳液；以及
3)任选地混入另外的水和另外的成分，
其中乳液的挥发性有机物含量根据ASTM D 5095低于100g/L，
其中硅氧烷共聚物由烯烃与包含硅氢基团的直链硅氧烷反应获得，烯烃与SiH基团的摩尔比为至少0.2:1，
其中所述硅氧烷共聚物经过真空汽提。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组合物的用途，其通过将所述组合物施涂到最终基板上来改善所述最终基板的防水性。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组合物的用途，其通过在基板制造之前或制造过程中将所述组合物添加到起始物质中来改善所述基板的防水性。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述基板为混凝土或钢筋混凝土。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述基板为砌体、水泥、灰墁、天然或人造石材、陶瓷、陶瓦砖、石膏板、纤维水泥板或其它包含水泥的产品、木质刨花板、木塑复合材料、定向结构板或木材。
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| CN104212385B (zh) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-06-15 | 辽宁省建设科学研究院 | 混凝土表面渗透型防水胶及其制备方法 |
| CN106116301A (zh) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 蚌埠市方阵商品混凝土有限公司 | 一种耐磨蚀混凝土 |
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Address after: michigan Applicant after: DOW CORNING Corp. Address before: michigan Applicant before: DOW CORNING Corp. |
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Application publication date: 20170905 |