CN107121292B - Piston ring-cylinder sleeve low-friction experiment system based on thermal management and application method thereof - Google Patents
Piston ring-cylinder sleeve low-friction experiment system based on thermal management and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a piston ring-cylinder sleeve low friction experiment system based on thermal management and a use method thereof, which is characterized in that the system comprises a cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transfer device for fixing and transferring heat between a piston ring and a cylinder sleeve, a constant-temperature lubricating oil way for providing constant-temperature lubricating oil for the system and a speed regulating motor for driving a crank connecting rod mechanism and a piston ring-cylinder sleeve component; the cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transferring device comprises a longitudinal fixing plate, a clamp, a cylinder sleeve electric heater, a piston ring electric heater, a cylinder sleeve thermocouple, a piston ring thermocouple and a radial elastic fixing ring, wherein the left side and the right side of the cylinder sleeve are respectively symmetrically provided with a longitudinal fixing plate, the cylinder sleeve is fixed between the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of each longitudinal fixing plate, the upper end and the lower end of each longitudinal fixing plate are respectively provided with a pre-tightening bolt, and the end surfaces of the longitudinal fixing plates, which are in contact with the cylinder sleeve, are respectively provided with a pressure sensor; a plurality of cylinder sleeve electric heaters are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the cylinder sleeve along the height direction of the cylinder sleeve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation of engines, and particularly relates to a piston ring-cylinder sleeve low-friction experiment system based on thermal management and a use method thereof. The experimental system can be used for carrying out thermal management on a piston ring-cylinder sleeve system, researching the influence of heat transfer on friction power consumption of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve system and carrying out low-friction test.
Background
With the increasing strictness of automobile emission regulations and the huge consumption of fossil energy, the traditional internal combustion engine industry is challenged, the energy conservation and emission reduction technology is also developed in a long term in recent years, and the deep research on the piston ring-cylinder sleeve low friction technology can generate huge economic and social benefits. The piston ring-cylinder sleeve friction experiment system is the basis for experimental study of piston ring-cylinder sleeve friction, and is specially invented based on thermal management in order to further study the influence of lubricating oil temperature, friction heat generation and heat transfer on piston ring-cylinder sleeve friction.
In the study of piston ring friction power, the piston ring friction power is currently carried out by using a similar testing machine which removes the piston and only retains the piston ring-cylinder sleeve system, and a complete cylinder sleeve and piston ring (Lenauer C, tomastik C, wopelka T, et al Piston ring wear and cylinder liner tribofilm in tribotests with lubricants artificially altered with ethanol combustion products [ J ]. Tribology International,2015, 82:415-422.) or a section of a sample after cutting the cylinder sleeve and piston ring is used for testing (Claudia Lenauer, christian Tomastik, thomas Wopelk, et al Piston ring wear and cylinder liner tribofilm intribotests with lubricants artificially altered with ethanol combustion products [ J ]. Tribology International,2015,82:415-422.; shanhong Wan, dongshan Li, guang' an Zhang, et al, comparison of the scuffing behaviour and wear resistance of candidate engineered coatings for automotive piston rings [ J ]. Tribology International,2017, 106:10-22.; A motion pattern is used for the simulation study of the influence factors of the thickness of the lubricating oil film (Liu Zhentao, xia Qiwei, zhang Yu, et al). The Petra Obert (Petra Obert, torben Muller, hans-Jurgen Muβr, et al influence of oil supply and cylinder liner temperature on friction, wear and scuffing behavior of piston ring cylinder liner contacts-A new model test [ J ]. Tribology International,2016, 94:306-314.) uses a segmented sample of cylinder liners and piston rings, and heats the cylinder liner sample, studying the effect of liner temperature on piston ring lubrication. The Chinese patent with the application number of 200510136811.5 discloses a friction and wear test method and equipment for parts of a cylinder sleeve piston ring, wherein the cylinder sleeve is heated by filling liquid into a heating cavity of a cylinder body, so that the heating is slow, the heating is too uniform, and the heating of a temperature field with a large temperature gradient cannot be realized.
The segmented samples of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are smaller, so that the reaction temperature and the spatial distribution of deformation cannot be realized; the rotary testing machine changes the motion state of the piston ring; the conventional reciprocating test machine is insufficient in investigation of heat transfer conditions and lacks detailed electric control. Therefore, the adoption of a complete cylinder sleeve, a piston ring and a reciprocating motion form meets the requirements of heat management and friction power consumption coupling research, and the search of temperature distribution meeting the low friction requirement and how to obtain the low friction temperature distribution through a heat management technology are technical problems to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the piston ring-cylinder sleeve low-friction experiment system based on thermal management and the application method thereof are provided, and the system and the application method can obtain temperature distribution meeting the low-friction requirement. The system controls the rotating speed of a crankshaft through a variable frequency speed-regulating motor, lubricating oil is supplied and temperature is controlled by a serial lubrication oil way, the temperature field temperature of a piston ring and a cylinder sleeve and the engine oil temperature of an oil pan are measured by a thermocouple, a data acquisition system is utilized to acquire measurement data, the motor is utilized to drag the crankshaft upside down, a piston crank connecting rod mechanism enables the piston ring to realize reciprocating motion among the cylinder sleeves, and the serial lubrication oil way can realize the supply, heating, constant temperature control and recovery of the lubricating oil; the experimental system can be used for conveniently researching the friction between the piston ring and the cylinder sleeve of the engine in a multi-parameter and systematic way. The system is innovatively designed based on a traditional floating cylinder sleeve method for measuring friction force, and carries out thermal management (namely a heat transfer device) on a cylinder sleeve piston ring: (1) The annular electric heaters are additionally arranged on the outer wall surface of the cylinder sleeve, the temperature of the wall surface of the cylinder sleeve is controlled in real time, high-temperature-resistant heat conduction grease is additionally arranged between the cylinder sleeve and the annular electric heaters (the highest heat-resistant temperature of the high-temperature-resistant heat conduction grease is 250 ℃ and ensures that the temperature of the cylinder sleeve is not more than 250 ℃), the floating state of the cylinder sleeve is ensured, the number of the annular electric heaters can be increased or decreased according to the situation, and the plurality of annular electric heaters are independent, so that the heating of various temperature fields can be realized. The lubricating performance of the cylinder sleeve lubricating oil is improved by heating the cylinder sleeve to a reasonable temperature range, and the friction power consumption is reduced. (2) The electric heater is arranged on the inner side of the piston ring and used for heating the piston ring to raise the structural temperature of the piston ring, after the structural temperature of the piston ring is raised to a reasonable temperature, the lubrication condition of the piston ring is improved, so that the friction power consumption is reduced, the wire harness of the electric heater is connected to the outside of the cylinder sleeve through the clamp hole, and the wire harness is long enough to ensure that the wire harness is not broken along with the movement of the clamp.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the piston ring-cylinder sleeve low friction experiment system based on heat management is characterized by comprising a cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transferring device for fixing and transferring heat of a piston ring-cylinder sleeve, a constant-temperature lubricating oil way for providing constant-temperature lubricating oil for the system and a speed regulating motor for driving a crank connecting rod mechanism and a piston ring-cylinder sleeve component;
the cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transferring device comprises a longitudinal fixing plate, a clamp, a cylinder sleeve electric heater, a piston ring electric heater, a cylinder sleeve thermocouple, a piston ring thermocouple and a radial elastic fixing ring, wherein the left side and the right side of the cylinder sleeve are respectively symmetrically provided with a longitudinal fixing plate, the cylinder sleeve is fixed between the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of each longitudinal fixing plate, the upper end and the lower end of each longitudinal fixing plate are respectively provided with a pre-tightening bolt, and the end surfaces of the longitudinal fixing plates, which are in contact with the cylinder sleeve, are respectively provided with a pressure sensor; a plurality of cylinder sleeve electric heaters are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the cylinder sleeve along the height direction of the cylinder sleeve, and meanwhile, a radial elastic fixing ring is arranged on the outer side of the cylinder sleeve; a plurality of clamps are arranged in the cylinder sleeve, and a space between two adjacent clamps is used for installing a piston ring electric heater and a piston ring, and the piston ring electric heater is close to the inner wall of the piston ring; a piston ring thermocouple is arranged between the inner wall of the piston ring and the piston ring electric heater, a plurality of cylinder sleeve thermocouples are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the cylinder sleeve thermocouples are closely adjacent to the upper and lower positions of the cylinder sleeve electric heater, and the included angles between two adjacent circumferential cylinder sleeve thermocouples are equal from the outer side of the cylinder sleeve along the radial direction to the middle of the wall thickness of the cylinder sleeve; the clamps are fixed through threaded rods and nuts, the lowest clamp is connected with a crank-link mechanism, and the crank-link mechanism is connected with a speed regulating motor positioned at the outer side of the oil pan through a coupler;
the upper part of the oil pan is connected with an oil collecting temperature measuring groove, liquid temperature measuring thermocouples (25 and 22) are arranged in the oil collecting temperature measuring groove and the oil pan, and a series lubrication oil way is connected between an oil return port and an oil inlet of the oil pan; the series-connected lubricating oil way comprises a throttle valve, a flowmeter, an oil pump, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a constant-temperature oil bath pot, wherein an oil return port of the oil pan is connected with an inlet of the constant-temperature oil bath pot sequentially through the throttle valve, the flowmeter, the lubricating oil cooler, the oil pump and the lubricating oil filter, and an outlet of the constant-temperature oil bath pot is connected with an oil inlet of the oil pan sequentially through the lubricating oil filter, the oil pump, the flowmeter and the throttle valve.
The application method of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve low-friction experimental system based on thermal management comprises the following steps:
(1) The cylinder sleeve is placed in a longitudinal fixing plate, and the radial direction of the cylinder sleeve is fixed by adopting a radial elastic fixing ring; pressure sensors are distributed on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cylinder sleeve, and a floating cylinder sleeve method is adopted to measure friction force;
(2) Checking whether each component pipeline is normal, and controlling the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor after confirming the normal state, and driving the crank-connecting rod mechanism to drive the clamp, the threaded rod, the nut, the piston ring electric heater and the piston ring to do reciprocating motion in the cylinder sleeve;
(3) Adding a proper amount of lubricating oil into a constant-temperature oil bath pot, opening a switch of the constant-temperature oil bath pot, heating the lubricating oil, controlling the constant temperature, entering the oil pan through an oil inlet, returning the lubricating oil at the bottom of the oil pan to the constant-temperature oil bath pot through an oil return port for heating, and controlling the heating temperature of the oil bath pot according to actual requirements;
(4) The temperature field changes of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are controlled by the heating values of the cylinder sleeve electric heater and the piston ring electric heater, and the temperature values of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are measured by a cylinder sleeve thermocouple and a piston ring thermocouple respectively; the friction force is measured by a pressure sensor; the temperature of the lubricating oil, the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring is correspondingly changed by adjusting the heating temperature of the constant-temperature oil bath pot and the heating amounts of the cylinder sleeve electric heater and the piston ring electric heater, the corresponding friction force is measured, the corresponding friction power consumption is calculated by combining the movement speed of the piston ring, the minimum friction power consumption is found out, and the temperatures of the lubricating oil, the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring corresponding to the minimum friction power consumption are recorded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the experimental system, the electric heater of the cylinder sleeve is additionally arranged on the cylinder sleeve, so that the temperature distribution rule of the wall surface of the cylinder sleeve can be flexibly controlled, and the thermal management of the cylinder sleeve is realized; the electric heater of the piston ring is additionally arranged on the inner side of the piston ring to carry out heat management on the piston ring; the experimental system can obtain the influence condition of heat transfer on the friction power consumption of the piston ring, and can be used for revealing the influence rule of the heat transfer of the system on the friction power consumption of the piston ring; the friction power consumption of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve is reduced by carrying out heat management on the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, so that the low friction of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve friction pair is realized.
The experimental system can independently and accurately study the friction conditions of different piston rings, and the experimental process can control the temperature and flow of lubricating oil, the temperature of a cylinder sleeve and a piston ring and the rotating speed of a speed regulating motor, thereby providing a study method and experimental equipment for the low friction technology of an engine. The speed-regulating motor drives the crank-connecting rod mechanism to operate, the serial lubricating oil way provides proper temperature and proper amount of lubricating oil for the friction pair, and the floating cylinder sleeve method tests the friction force between the piston ring and the cylinder sleeve.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a piston ring-liner low friction experimental system based on thermal management in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure, a clamp 1, a threaded rod 2, a nut 3, a cylinder sleeve 5, a radial elastic fixing ring 6, a fixing nut 7, a pre-tightening bolt 8, a piston ring 9, a longitudinal fixing plate 10, an oil collecting and temperature measuring groove 11, a throttle valve 12, a flowmeter 13, an oil pump 14, a lubricating oil filter 15, a constant-temperature oil bath 16, a lubricating oil cooler 17, an oil inlet 18, a speed regulating motor 19, a coupler 20, an oil return port 21, a liquid temperature thermocouple 22, a liquid temperature thermocouple 25, an oil pan 23, a crank link mechanism 24, a pressure sensor 26, a cylinder sleeve thermocouple 27, a piston ring thermocouple 28, a cylinder sleeve electric heater 29 and a piston ring electric heater 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures, which are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The invention relates to a piston ring-cylinder sleeve low friction experiment system based on thermal management (a system is abbreviated as a system, see figure 1), which comprises a cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transferring device for fixing and transferring heat of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve, a constant temperature lubricating oil way for providing constant temperature lubricating oil for the system and a speed regulating motor 19 for driving a crank connecting rod mechanism and a piston ring-cylinder sleeve component; the cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transferring device comprises a longitudinal fixing plate 10, a clamp 1, a cylinder sleeve electric heater 29, a piston ring electric heater 4, a cylinder sleeve thermocouple 27, a piston ring thermocouple 28 and a radial elastic fixing ring 6, wherein the left side and the right side of the cylinder sleeve are symmetrically provided with the longitudinal fixing plate 10 respectively, the cylinder sleeve 5 is fixed between the upper surface and the lower surface of each longitudinal fixing plate, the upper end and the lower end of each longitudinal fixing plate are respectively provided with a pre-tightening bolt 8, and the end surfaces of the longitudinal fixing plates, which are contacted with the cylinder sleeve, are respectively provided with a pressure sensor 26; a plurality of cylinder liner electric heaters 29 are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the cylinder liner along the height direction of the cylinder liner, and meanwhile, a radial elastic fixing ring 6 is arranged on the outer side of the cylinder liner, so that the radial force applied to the cylinder liner in the movement process of the piston ring can be counteracted through the radial elastic fixing ring 6; a plurality of clamps 1 are arranged in the cylinder sleeve, the space between two adjacent clamps is used for installing a piston ring electric heater 4 and a piston ring 9, the piston ring electric heater 4 is close to the inner wall of the piston ring and is used for heating the piston ring and raising the temperature of the piston ring; a piston ring thermocouple 28 is arranged between the inner wall of the piston ring and the piston ring electric heater 4, a plurality of cylinder sleeve thermocouples 27 are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the cylinder sleeve thermocouples 27 are closely adjacent to the upper and lower positions of the cylinder sleeve electric heater, and the included angle between two circumferential rows of adjacent cylinder sleeve thermocouples can be uniformly arranged according to actual requirements, for example, can be 90 degrees; a plurality of clamps 1 are fixed through threaded rods 2 and nuts 3, the lowest clamp is connected with a crank-link mechanism 24, and the crank-link mechanism 24 is simultaneously connected with a speed regulating motor 19 positioned at the outer side of an oil pan 23 through a coupler 20;
the upper part of the oil pan 23 is connected with an oil collecting temperature measuring groove 11, liquid temperature measuring thermocouples (25 and 22) are arranged in the oil collecting temperature measuring groove 11 and the oil pan 23, and a series lubrication oil way is connected between an oil return port 21 and an oil inlet 18 of the oil pan; the series-connected lubricating oil way comprises a throttle valve 12, a flowmeter 13, an oil pump 14, a lubricating oil filter 15, a lubricating oil cooler 17 and a constant-temperature oil bath 16, wherein an oil return port of the oil pan is connected with an inlet of the constant-temperature oil bath 16 through the throttle valve, the flowmeter, the lubricating oil cooler 17, the oil pump and the lubricating oil filter in sequence, and an outlet of the constant-temperature oil bath 16 is connected with an oil inlet of the oil pan through the lubricating oil filter 15, the oil pump 14, the flowmeter 13 and the throttle valve 12 in sequence.
The application method of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve low-friction experimental system based on thermal management comprises the following steps:
(1) The cylinder sleeve is placed in a longitudinal fixing plate 10, and the radial direction of the cylinder sleeve is fixed by adopting a radial elastic fixing ring 6; pressure sensors 26 are distributed on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cylinder sleeve, and a floating cylinder sleeve method is adopted to measure friction force;
(2) Checking whether the pipelines of all parts are normal, and controlling the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor 19 after confirming the normal, and driving the crank-connecting rod mechanism 24 to drive the clamp 1, the threaded rod 2, the nut 3, the piston ring electric heater 4 and the piston ring 9 to reciprocate in the cylinder sleeve 5;
(3) Adding a proper amount of lubricating oil into a constant-temperature oil bath pot, opening a switch of the constant-temperature oil bath pot 16, heating the lubricating oil, controlling the constant temperature, entering the oil pan 23 through the oil inlet 18, simultaneously returning the lubricating oil at the bottom of the oil pan to the constant-temperature oil bath pot 16 through the oil return port 21 for heating, and controlling the heating temperature of the oil bath pot 16 according to actual requirements;
(4) The temperature field changes of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are controlled by the heating capacity of the cylinder sleeve electric heater 29 and the piston ring electric heater 4, and the temperature values of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are respectively measured by the cylinder sleeve thermocouple 27 and the piston ring thermocouple 28; the friction force is measured by the pressure sensor 26; the temperature of the lubricating oil, the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring is correspondingly changed by adjusting the heating temperature of the constant-temperature oil bath 16 and the heating amounts of the cylinder sleeve electric heater and the piston ring electric heater, the corresponding friction force is measured, the corresponding friction power consumption is calculated by combining the movement speed of the piston ring, the minimum friction power consumption is found, and the temperatures of the lubricating oil, the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring corresponding to the minimum friction power consumption are recorded.
The cylinder sleeve thermocouple 27 adopts a J-shaped thermocouple with the diameter of 0.1mm, can avoid excessive modification of the cylinder sleeve structure, is convenient to install, and is used for testing the temperature of the cylinder sleeve; the piston ring thermocouple is a film thermocouple and is used for testing the temperature of the piston ring; the liquid temperature thermocouples (25, 22) are inserted-rod type J thermocouples and are used for monitoring the temperature of the lubricating oil in the oil collecting temperature measuring tank 11 and the oil pan 23.
The cylinder sleeve electric heater and the piston ring electric heater are both annular electric heaters, and the shell of each annular electric heater is made of insulating materials, so that interference of an electric field on lubrication friction is avoided; the electric heater of the piston ring is matched with the shape and the size of the piston ring, and is tightly attached to the inner side of the piston ring, and the deformation of the electric heater of the piston ring along with the temperature change is as small as possible.
According to the invention, the cylinder sleeve electric heater is additionally arranged on the outer wall surface of the cylinder sleeve to control the temperature of the wall surface of the cylinder sleeve in real time, high-temperature resistant heat conduction grease is additionally arranged between the cylinder sleeve and the cylinder sleeve electric heater to ensure the floating state of the cylinder sleeve, the number of the cylinder sleeve electric heaters can be increased and decreased according to the situation, and the plurality of cylinder sleeve electric heaters are independently controlled, so that the heating of various temperature fields can be realized; the lubrication conditions of the cold start and the heat engine process of the engine are improved by heating the cylinder sleeve to a reasonable temperature range, so that the friction power consumption is reduced. The electric heater is installed on the inner side of the piston ring to heat the piston ring to raise its structural temperature, the electric heater is in custom mode, the material requirement of the electric heater is as small as possible, and the temperature of the piston ring is raised to reasonable temperature to improve the lubrication condition of the piston ring, so as to reduce friction power consumption. The wire harness of the piston ring electric heater is connected to the outside of the cylinder sleeve through the clamp hole on the clamp 1, and the wire harness is long enough to ensure that the wire harness is not broken along with the movement of the clamp.
The piston ring-cylinder sleeve low-friction experiment system is suitable for single-cylinder diesel or gasoline engines, can ensure smooth friction power consumption test, and is not suitable for multi-cylinder engine low-friction experiments.
The crank connecting rod mechanism, the piston ring, the cylinder sleeve and the oil pan belong to test objects, and the cylinder sleeve electric heater 29, the piston ring electric heater 4, the cylinder sleeve thermocouple 27 and the piston ring thermocouple 28 form a heat transfer device.
The working principle of the experimental system of the invention is as follows: the speed regulating motor 19 is connected with the crank connecting rod mechanism 24 through the coupler 20, the speed regulating motor is used as a power source to drag the crank connecting rod mechanism and the piston ring 9 to reciprocate in the cylinder sleeve 5, the piston ring is fastened and fixed through the clamp 1, the threaded rod 2 and the nut 3, the cylinder sleeve floats by adopting a design method of a floating cylinder sleeve, the cylinder sleeve is placed in the longitudinal fixing plate 10 as shown in fig. 1, the cylinder sleeve is radially fixed by adopting the elastic fixing ring 6, and the elastic fixing ring can offset the radial force applied to the cylinder sleeve in the moving process of the piston ring, so that the measuring result is more accurate. The pressure sensors 26 are respectively arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the cylinder sleeve, the cylinder sleeve electric heaters 29 are uniformly arranged on the outer wall face of the cylinder sleeve along the longitudinal direction, and the cylinder sleeve is heated by the cylinder sleeve electric heaters, so that the temperature distribution of the cylinder sleeve along the axis direction of the cylinder sleeve is controlled, and the lubrication condition of the cylinder sleeve in a reasonable working state is achieved; the piston ring electric heater 4 is closely attached to the piston ring, and the piston ring is heated by the single piston ring electric heater, so that the lubrication condition of the piston ring in the working state is achieved; the temperatures of the wall surface of the cylinder sleeve, the piston ring and the oil pan are respectively measured by the cylinder sleeve thermocouple 27, the piston ring thermocouple 28 and the liquid temperature thermocouple 22, and the supply, flow and temperature control and adjustment of lubricating oil are realized by the aid of a serial lubricating oil way. The oil pump is used for providing lubricating oil circulation power, a certain amount of lubricating oil is added into the oil pan 23, a certain amount of constant-temperature lubricating oil is filled into the constant-temperature oil bath 16, lubricating oil flows out of the oil return port 21 of the oil pan through the throttle valve, the flowmeter and the lubricating oil cooler 17 in the experimental process, then flows through the oil pump for pressurizing and filtering impurities (the impurities can be prevented from entering the constant-temperature oil bath to cause damage) through the lubricating oil filter, enters the constant-temperature oil bath 16, and the lubricating oil which is heated and kept at a certain temperature (controllable) enters the oil pan through the oil inlet 18 after being pressurized through the oil pump after being filtered through the lubricating oil filter, wherein the flow of the lubricating oil can be regulated by the throttle valve 12 and the reading is monitored by the flowmeter 13.
In the invention, the speed-regulating motor is used for carrying out reverse dragging of the crank connecting rod mechanism, and the rotation of the speed-regulating motor is converted into the reciprocating motion of the piston ring through the crank connecting rod mechanism. In order to ensure smooth start and stable operation of the reverse towing, the rated power and the maximum torque of the speed-regulating motor are required to reach certain conditions, namely the rated power P of the speed-regulating motor is as follows: p is more than or equal to 2× (0.15-0.3) x the rated power of the engine, and the maximum torque T is: t is more than or equal to 2X (0.15-0.3) multiplied by the maximum torque of the engine; the conditions are selected taking into account the mechanical losses of the diesel engine, the cold dragging and the heat dissipation effects and the variation of the number of piston rings. The number of the clamps in the experimental system is 2-5, the number of the piston rings is 1-4, and the number of the piston rings can be increased or reduced according to the requirement in the experiment.
Example 1
The piston ring-cylinder sleeve low friction experiment system based on thermal management comprises a cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transfer device for fixing and transferring heat of the piston ring-cylinder sleeve, a constant-temperature lubricating oil circuit for providing constant-temperature lubricating oil for the system and a speed regulating motor 19 for driving a crank connecting rod mechanism and piston ring-cylinder sleeve components;
the cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transferring device comprises a longitudinal fixing plate 10, a clamp 1, a cylinder sleeve electric heater 29, a piston ring electric heater 4, a cylinder sleeve thermocouple 27, a piston ring thermocouple 28 and a radial elastic fixing ring 6, wherein the left side and the right side of the cylinder sleeve are symmetrically provided with the longitudinal fixing plate 10 respectively, the cylinder sleeve 5 is fixed between the upper surface and the lower surface of each longitudinal fixing plate, the upper end and the lower end of each longitudinal fixing plate are respectively provided with a pre-tightening bolt 8, and the end surfaces of the longitudinal fixing plates, which are contacted with the cylinder sleeve, are respectively provided with a pressure sensor 26; the outer side of the cylinder sleeve is uniformly provided with 3 cylinder sleeve electric heaters 29 along the height direction of the cylinder sleeve, and the outer side of the cylinder sleeve is provided with a radial elastic fixing ring 6; 2 clamps 1 are arranged in the cylinder sleeve, and the space between two adjacent clamps is used for installing a piston ring electric heater 4 and a piston ring 9, wherein the piston ring electric heater 4 is close to the inner wall of the piston ring; a piston ring thermocouple 28 is arranged between the inner wall of the piston ring and the piston ring electric heater 4, 4 cylinder sleeve thermocouples 27 are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the cylinder sleeve thermocouples 27 are closely adjacent to the upper and lower positions of the cylinder sleeve electric heater, and an included angle between two adjacent cylinder sleeve thermocouples in the circumferential direction is 90 degrees from the outer side of the cylinder sleeve to the middle of the wall thickness of the cylinder sleeve along the radial direction; the 2 clamps 1 are fixed through threaded rods 2 and nuts 3, the lowest clamp is connected with a crank-link mechanism 24, and the crank-link mechanism 24 is simultaneously connected with a speed-regulating motor 19 positioned at the outer side of an oil pan 23 through a coupler 20;
the upper part of the oil pan 23 is connected with an oil collecting temperature measuring groove 11, liquid temperature measuring thermocouples (25 and 22) are arranged in the oil collecting temperature measuring groove 11 and the oil pan 23, and a series lubrication oil way is connected between an oil return port 21 and an oil inlet 18 of the oil pan; the series-connected lubricating oil way comprises a throttle valve 12, a flowmeter 13, an oil pump 14, a lubricating oil filter 15, a lubricating oil cooler 17 and a constant-temperature oil bath 16, wherein an oil return port of the oil pan is connected with an inlet of the constant-temperature oil bath 16 through the throttle valve, the flowmeter, the lubricating oil cooler 17, the oil pump and the lubricating oil filter in sequence, and an outlet of the constant-temperature oil bath 16 is connected with an oil inlet of the oil pan through the lubricating oil filter 15, the oil pump 14, the flowmeter 13 and the throttle valve 12 in sequence.
The experimental system of the embodiment adopts a single-cylinder diesel engine as a basic structure, separates a cylinder body and a cylinder sleeve of the single-cylinder engine and fixes the cylinder sleeve, and the lubricating oil is supplied through a serial lubricating oil way. Table 1 shows the technical parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine.
Table 1 single cylinder engine technical parameters
| Pattern of | Vertical, single-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled, direct-injection type |
| Cylinder diameter x travel mm | 86×72 |
| Displacement L | 0.418 |
| Calibration power/calibration rotation speed (N.m)/(r/min) | 6.3/3600 |
| Maximum torque/rotation speed (N.m)/(r/min) | 18.7/2880 |
| Engine oil brand | SAE10W-30 |
| Average speed/rotation speed (m/s)/(r/min) of piston | 8.64×3600 |
The principle of the invention is explained by referring to fig. 1, a speed regulating motor is connected with a crankshaft through a coupler, the speed regulating motor is used as a power source to drag a crank connecting rod and a piston ring to reciprocate in a cylinder sleeve, the piston ring is fastened and fixed through a clamp and a threaded rod, the cylinder sleeve floats by adopting a design method of a floating cylinder sleeve, the cylinder sleeve is placed in a longitudinal fixing plate 10 as shown in fig. 1, the cylinder sleeve is radially fixed by adopting an elastic fixing ring 6, and the elastic fixing ring can offset the radial force applied to the cylinder sleeve in the movement process of the piston ring, so that the measurement result is more accurate. The cylinder sleeve electric heater 29 and the piston ring electric heater 4 can heat the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring respectively, so that lubrication conditions under working conditions are realized. The cylinder sleeve thermocouple 27, the piston ring thermocouple 28 and the liquid temperature thermocouple 22 are used for measuring the temperatures of the cylinder sleeve wall surface, the piston ring and the oil pan respectively, and the serial lubrication oil way is used for realizing the control and adjustment of the supply, the flow and the temperature of the lubricating oil.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.
Claims (5)
1. The piston ring-cylinder sleeve low friction experiment system based on heat management is characterized by comprising a cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transferring device for fixing and transferring heat of a piston ring-cylinder sleeve, a constant-temperature lubricating oil way for providing constant-temperature lubricating oil for the system and a speed regulating motor for driving a crank connecting rod mechanism and a piston ring-cylinder sleeve component;
the cylinder sleeve fixing and heat transferring device comprises a longitudinal fixing plate, a clamp, a cylinder sleeve electric heater, a piston ring electric heater, a cylinder sleeve thermocouple, a piston ring thermocouple and a radial elastic fixing ring, wherein the left side and the right side of the cylinder sleeve are respectively symmetrically provided with a longitudinal fixing plate, the cylinder sleeve is fixed between the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of each longitudinal fixing plate, the upper end and the lower end of each longitudinal fixing plate are respectively provided with a pre-tightening bolt, and the end surfaces of the longitudinal fixing plates, which are in contact with the cylinder sleeve, are respectively provided with a pressure sensor; a plurality of cylinder sleeve electric heaters are uniformly arranged on the outer side of the cylinder sleeve along the height direction of the cylinder sleeve, and meanwhile, a radial elastic fixing ring is arranged on the outer side of the cylinder sleeve; a plurality of clamps are arranged in the cylinder sleeve, and a space between two adjacent clamps is used for installing a piston ring electric heater and a piston ring, and the piston ring electric heater is close to the inner wall of the piston ring; a piston ring thermocouple is arranged between the inner wall of the piston ring and the piston ring electric heater, a plurality of cylinder sleeve thermocouples are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the cylinder sleeve thermocouples are closely adjacent to the upper and lower positions of the cylinder sleeve electric heater, and the included angles between two adjacent circumferential cylinder sleeve thermocouples are equal from the outer side of the cylinder sleeve along the radial direction to the middle of the wall thickness of the cylinder sleeve; the clamps are fixed through threaded rods and nuts, the lowest clamp is connected with a crank-link mechanism, and the crank-link mechanism is connected with a speed regulating motor positioned at the outer side of the oil pan through a coupler;
the upper part of the oil pan is connected with an oil collecting temperature measuring groove, liquid temperature measuring thermocouples (25 and 22) are arranged in the oil collecting temperature measuring groove and the oil pan, and a series lubrication oil way is connected between an oil return port and an oil inlet of the oil pan; the series-connected lubricating oil way comprises a throttle valve, a flowmeter, an oil pump, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a constant-temperature oil bath pot, wherein an oil return port of the oil pan is connected with an inlet of the constant-temperature oil bath pot sequentially through the throttle valve, the flowmeter, the lubricating oil cooler, the oil pump and the lubricating oil filter, and an outlet of the constant-temperature oil bath pot is connected with an oil inlet of the oil pan sequentially through the lubricating oil filter, the oil pump, the flowmeter and the throttle valve.
2. The thermal management-based piston ring-cylinder sleeve low friction experiment system according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder sleeve thermocouple is a J-type thermocouple with the diameter of 0.1 mm; the piston ring thermocouple is a film thermocouple; the liquid temperature thermocouples (25, 22) are inserted-bar type J thermocouples.
3. The thermal management-based piston ring-cylinder liner low friction experiment system according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder liner electric heater and the piston ring electric heater are both annular electric heaters, and the outer shell of each annular electric heater is made of insulating materials; the electric heater of the piston ring is matched with the shape and the size of the piston ring, and is tightly attached to the inner side of the piston ring.
4. The thermal management-based piston ring-cylinder liner low friction experiment system according to claim 1, wherein the number of clamps is 2-5 and the number of piston rings is 1-4.
5. A method of using the thermal management based piston ring-liner low friction test system of any one of claims 1-4, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) The cylinder sleeve is placed in a longitudinal fixing plate, and the radial direction of the cylinder sleeve is fixed by adopting a radial elastic fixing ring; pressure sensors are distributed on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cylinder sleeve, and a floating cylinder sleeve method is adopted to measure friction force;
(2) Checking whether each component pipeline is normal, and controlling the rotating speed of the speed regulating motor after confirming the normal state, and driving the crank-connecting rod mechanism to drive the clamp, the threaded rod, the nut, the piston ring electric heater and the piston ring to do reciprocating motion in the cylinder sleeve;
(3) Adding a proper amount of lubricating oil into a constant-temperature oil bath pot, opening a switch of the constant-temperature oil bath pot, heating the lubricating oil, controlling the constant temperature, entering the oil pan through an oil inlet, returning the lubricating oil at the bottom of the oil pan to the constant-temperature oil bath pot through an oil return port for heating, and controlling the heating temperature of the oil bath pot according to actual requirements;
(4) The temperature field changes of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are controlled by the heating values of the cylinder sleeve electric heater and the piston ring electric heater, and the temperature values of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are measured by a cylinder sleeve thermocouple and a piston ring thermocouple respectively; the friction force is measured by a pressure sensor; the temperature of the lubricating oil, the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring is correspondingly changed by adjusting the heating temperature of the constant-temperature oil bath pot and the heating amounts of the cylinder sleeve electric heater and the piston ring electric heater, the corresponding friction force is measured, the corresponding friction power consumption is calculated by combining the movement speed of the piston ring, the minimum friction power consumption is found out, and the temperatures of the lubricating oil, the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring corresponding to the minimum friction power consumption are recorded.
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| CN109681339A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-26 | 大连海事大学 | It is a kind of for controlling the device and its application method in single cylinder diesel cylinder sleeve temperature field |
| CN113776713B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-04-18 | 滨州学院 | Method for testing friction force of piston skirt in real time in engine running process |
| CN114544182B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-05-26 | 北京理工大学 | Reliability detection device and test method for engine piston telemetry system |
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Application publication date: 20170901 Assignee: QUADRANT SPACE (TIANJIN) TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Hebei University of Technology Contract record no.: X2024980001019 Denomination of invention: A piston ring cylinder liner low friction experimental system based on thermal management and its usage method Granted publication date: 20230609 License type: Common License Record date: 20240118 |
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