CN107117672A - Choosing method is matched somebody with somebody in filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material - Google Patents

Choosing method is matched somebody with somebody in filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material Download PDF

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CN107117672A
CN107117672A CN201710545250.7A CN201710545250A CN107117672A CN 107117672 A CN107117672 A CN 107117672A CN 201710545250 A CN201710545250 A CN 201710545250A CN 107117672 A CN107117672 A CN 107117672A
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venturi
filtrate
suspension
particle diameter
wastewater sample
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CN107117672B (en
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罗莉涛
张鸿涛
张峰
陈兆林
张馨月
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Xi'an Huanuo Environmental Protection Co Ltd
Tsinghua University
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Xi'an Huanuo Environmental Protection Co Ltd
Tsinghua University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
    • B01D2239/1216—Pore size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/10—Solids, e.g. total solids [TS], total suspended solids [TSS] or volatile solids [VS]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention proposes filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material and matches somebody with somebody choosing method, belongs to Industrial Waste Water Treatments field.This method sets up a sewage intake sampling point at each mouth of a river of coming for going oil removal equipment first, obtains Wastewater Sample and carries out after slow once filtering, determines the average grain diameter of the Wastewater Sample；Relation according to average grain diameter between not isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous media venturi, determines the species of filtrate, and the corresponding quality of every kind of filtrate and venturi；Finally according to the relation between venturi and spherical particle diameter, the corresponding particle diameter of every kind of filtrate is obtained, and then determine that the filtrate being made up of the filtrate of different quality and particle diameter is combined.The present invention combines suspension grain diameter characteristic in trade effluent, pointedly filters out suitable particles filtrate, so as to obtain higher suspension removal effect, substantially increases the treatment effeciency of suspension in trade effluent.

Description

Choosing method is matched somebody with somebody in filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material
Technical field
Match somebody with somebody choosing method the present invention relates to filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material, belong to Industrial Waste Water Treatments field, with Based on disposing polluted water in oil.
Background technology
During Industrial Waste Water Treatments, filtering link has become indispensable link, and filter link main purpose be for Except suspension (particle diameter is in 0.1~100 μm) in decontaminated water, filtering can be divided into filtering particulate material and porous media material mistake Filter, its principle is the effect of interception blocking and filtering material surface pair using filtering material (abbreviation filtrate) venturi to suspension The absorption of suspension and adhesive attraction.
By sewage by by a variety of spherical particle materials (quartz sand, iron ore, fibrous nodules etc.) with different-grain diameter and difference Mass ratio (thickness ratio) combines the porous media of accumulation to remove the water technology of suspension in sewage, referred to as granular materials mistake Filter.For filtering particulate material, it is mainly acted on the interception blocking of suspension in sewage by the venturi between granule filter material Suspension in sewage is removed, thus the matching relationship of venturi and suspension particle diameter in sewage is imitated to media filtration between granule filter material Fruit plays decisive role.When venturi between suspension particle diameter is much smaller than granule filter material, granule filter material will be unable to give full play to Its interception blocking to suspension in sewage is acted on, and the filter effect of granule filter material will have a greatly reduced quality greatly.Suspension grain in sewage Footpath is the determination of origin source sewage feature, and the main mass ratio (thickness ratio) by particle of venturi between granule filter material, particle The stacked form of particle diameter and particle is determined.
The stacked form of particle directly affects effect to the throat size of porous media, and then has influence on in sewage The removal effect of suspension.When spherical particle is accumulated with most compact form, the venturi that it forms porous media is smaller, to sewage The filter effect of middle suspension is more preferable.In isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous media, each sphere diameter is identical, enters Row is tightly packed.Fig. 1 is the stacked form schematic diagram of isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous media first layer, each isometrical ball Contacted with each other between shape particle with maximum capacity and be only closestpacking；Mark out the second layer simultaneously (third layer is like above) Spherical particle is only possible to the position of the three types of accumulation, it is impossible to still other position, A positions be first layer ball in place, B I.e. the upward space of triangled tip, C positions are the downward space of triangled tip；The second layer (third layer is like above) is only at space B Or repeatedly accumulation is only most closely on C positions, the repetition form of two kinds of combinations of only ABC and ABA thus form；Channel angular is spherical Particle porous medium simplified model minimum unit body geometry is is made up of 4 balls, as shown in Figure 2.And under normal circumstances, Optimal suspension removal effect is reached, the accumulation of filtrate is presented in not isometrical spherical particle closestpacking form. Under the premise of filtrate in grain filtration of material is accumulated with most compact fashion, the main mass ratio by particle of venturi between granule filter material The particle diameter of (thickness ratio), particle is determined.The handling process of trade effluent formulates the water quality characteristic of its sewage of originating of Main Basiss, and The removal link of suspension in sewage is directed to, is preferentially utilized more from cheap, property stabilization, repeatable flushing The filtering tank technique of filler particles material.For example disposing polluted water in oil station is main with " one-level settling tank → bis- grade settling tank at present Based on four sections of handling process of → one-level quartz sand filter media filtering tank → secondary quartz sand filtering material filtering tank ".The wherein stone of two-stage Sand media filtration tank is mainly to remove suspension in oilfield sewage.
Currently, in filtering particulate material technology particle selection, based on most empirically methods, fail according in sewage Suspension grain diameter characteristic pointedly screens granular materials filtrate.Thus in current industrial sewage disposal process, due to particle filter Material screen selects phenomenon that is incorrect and not reaching the effect for removing oil removal in former design very universal.In Industrial Waste Water Treatments In link, improve granule filter material filter effect and have become urgent problem to be solved in current industrial sewage disposal process.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to fail pointedly to be sieved according to suspension grain diameter characteristic in sewage in the prior art to overcome The weak point of granular materials filtrate is selected, proposes that choosing method is matched somebody with somebody in filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material.Present invention combination work Suspension grain diameter characteristic in industry sewage, pointedly filters out suitable particles filtrate, so as to obtain higher suspension Removal effect, substantially increases the treatment effeciency of suspension in trade effluent.
Choosing method is matched somebody with somebody in filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material proposed by the present invention, specifically includes following steps：
1) sewage intake sampling point is determined；
It is determined that needing the sewage disposal point for carrying out filtering particulate material to go oil removal equipment, oil removal is removed each Set up a sewage intake sampling point in the mouth of a river of coming of equipment；
2) suspension particle diameter is determined；；Comprise the following steps that：
2-1) in step 1) determine any sewage intake sampling point at take volume be V Wastewater Sample；
2-2) using several apertures 0.1mm filter membrane to step 2-1) Wastewater Sample of collection carries out slow once mistake Filter；The Wastewater Sample of every membrane filtration is less than or equal to 50ml, preserves the Wastewater Sample after filtering, and the Wastewater Sample after filtering is total Volume is still V；
2-3) repeat step 2-1) to 2-2), obtain each sewage intake sampling point Wastewater Sample and simultaneously carry out slow once mistake Filter；
2-4) from by step 2-3) once filter after any Wastewater Sample in take 5~10ml, utilize laser particle analyzer Determination step 2-3) obtain the Wastewater Sample in suspension grading curve and average grain diameter DIt is average；
3) to filtrate optimization with choosing；Comprise the following steps that：
3-1) suspension average grain diameter D in Wastewater SampleIt is averageThe larynx of not isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous media Road DVenturi is averagedMeet the expression formula as shown in formula (2)：
DVenturi is averaged≈DIt is average (2)
According to formula (2), DVenturi is averagedValue is step 2) the average grain diameter D of suspension in obtained Wastewater SampleIt is average；
3-2) according to formula (3), for the D of determinationVenturi is averaged, it is first determined the species of filtrate, further according to the species of filtrate, point The quality and corresponding venturi of every kind of filtrate are not determined；Expression formula is as follows：
In formula, n is the species number of filtrate, m1、m2、m3、……、mnFor the quality of every kind of filtrate；DVenturi 1、DVenturi 2、 DVenturi 3、……、DVenturi nFor the venturi of every kind of filtrate；
3-3) the venturi D of filtrateVenturiWith spherical particle diameter DPIn the presence of following relational expression, shown in expression formula such as formula (4)：
According to formula (4), with reference to step 3) the obtained venturi D of every kind of filtrateVenturi 1、DVenturi、DVenturi 3、……、DVenturi n, count respectively Calculate the corresponding particle diameter D of every kind of filtrateP1、DP2、DP3、……、DPn；Thereby determine that the removal corresponding to the Wastewater Sample suspends The optimization filtrate of thing equipment with selecting the scheme to be：Quality m1, particle diameter DP1；Quality m2, particle diameter DP2；Quality m3, particle diameter DP3；……； Quality mn, particle diameter DPnThe filtrate combination constituted.
The features of the present invention and beneficial effect are：
Choosing method is matched somebody with somebody in filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material of the present invention, spheric granules accumulation is proposed first porous Medium venturi algorithm, according to spheric granules accumulate porous media venturi formula, it is reasonably combined required for filtrate quality and particle diameter, Foundation is provided pointedly to screen the granule filter material for being adapted to remove suspension in trade effluent.The algorithm is directed to trade effluent Middle suspension feature, filters out suitable granule filter material, improves removal effect of the granule filter material to suspension in trade effluent.This Method overcome in conventional filtering technique by rely solely on artificial experience choose filtrate may be unable to reach ideal effect not Foot, selected filtrate targetedly removes suspension in water removal, there is stronger application value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is isometrical spherical particles porous media stacked form schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is isometrical spherical particle porous media model minimum unit body schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the FB(flow block) of the inventive method.
Fig. 4 is that isometrical spherical particle porous media model minimum unit body simplifies geometrized structure graph.
Fig. 5 is concentration of suspension curve map in secondary quartz sand filtering tank water in the embodiment of the present invention and water outlet.
Fig. 6 is clearance curve map of the secondary quartz sand filtering tank in the embodiment of the present invention to suspension.
Fig. 7 is suspension grading curve figure in sewage in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In a kind of filtering particulate material proposed by the present invention filtrate optimization match somebody with somebody choosing method, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation That the present invention is described in more detail is as follows for example.
In a kind of filtering particulate material proposed by the present invention filtrate optimization match somebody with somebody choosing method, overall flow as shown in figure 3, including Following steps：
1) sewage intake sampling point is determined；
The sewage treatment process present situation of the sewage disposal point of filtering particulate material is carried out as needed, determines sewage disposal work Oil removal equipment is gone in skill, a sewage intake sample is respectively set up in each the come mouth of a river and delivery port for going oil removal equipment Point.For example：Go to the mouth of a river of coming of oil removal equipment 1 to set up sewage intake sampling point and be designated as 1-1, go oil removal equipment 1 Delivery port sets up sewage intake sampling point and is designated as 1-2, sets up sewage intake sampling point going to the mouth of a river of coming of oil removal equipment 2 and is designated as 2- 1, it is designated as 2-2 going the delivery port of oil removal equipment 2 to set up sewage intake sampling point.
With treatment process for sewage in oil field " one-level settling tank → bis- grade settling tank → one-level quartz sand filter media filtering tank → bis- grade Exemplified by quartz sand filter media filtering tank ", sewage intake sampling point 1-1, water outlet are set up at the mouth of a river of coming of one-level quartz sand filter media filtering tank Mouth sets up sewage intake sampling point 1-2；Sewage intake sampling point 2-1, water outlet are set up at the mouth of a river of coming of secondary quartz sand filtering material filtering tank Mouth sets up sewage intake sampling point 2-2.
2) suspension feature in analysis sewage；Comprise the following steps that：
2-1) determine concentration of suspension；Comprise the following steps that：
Filtering particulate material is mainly for removing suspension (particle diameter be in 0.1 μm~100 μm) in sewage, and grain in sewage The solid phase particles that footpath is more than 100 μm are removed not in this link.
2-1-1) in step 1) Wastewater Sample that volume is V is taken at any sewage intake sampling point for determining, V is generally 500ml~1000ml；
2-1-2) using several apertures 0.1mm filter membrane to step 2-1-1) Wastewater Sample of collection carry out it is slow once Filtering；Every membrane filtration is less than or equal to 50ml Wastewater Sample, to prevent in filter process, aperture 0.1mm filter membrane surface Solid filter layer is formed, causes suspension in sewage (particle diameter is in 0.1 μm~100 μm) to lose；Preserve the sewage water after filtering Sample, ignores the volume of 100 μm of particle diameter ＞ solid particle, and the Wastewater Sample cumulative volume after filtering is still V.
Remarks：In order to be eliminated as much as 100 μm of particle diameter ＞ solid particle, while preventing from hanging in Wastewater Sample as much as possible The loss of float, the corresponding filter sewage volume of every filter membrane should be as far as possible small, and≤50ml is advisable.
It is 2-1-3) that 0.1 μm of filter membrane is put into surface plate by an aperture, by filter membrane and surface plate together in 40 DEG C of baking ovens Dry after 8h, filter membrane and surface plate are integrally weighed and are designated as G1(this implementation is weighed using Mei Teletuo benefit MS205DU electronics day It is flat, range 0~82g, precision 0.01mg).
2-1-4) in surface plate take out drying after 0.1 μm of aperture filter membrane, using dry 0.1 μm of filter membrane of back aperture to warp Cross step 2-1-2) once filter after the volume that retains carry out slow secondary filter for V Wastewater Samples；
0.1 μm of the aperture filter membrane after secondary filter (now 2-1-5) will be adhered into volume on the filter membrane of 0.1 μm of aperture 0.1 μm~100 μm suspensions are in for the particle diameter in V Wastewater Samples) it is put into original surface ware, then by filter membrane and surface plate one Rise and dried in 40 DEG C of baking ovens after 12h, filter membrane and surface plate are integrally weighed and are designated as G2。
Concentration of suspension C in Wastewater Sample 2-1-6) is calculated using formula (1), expression formula is as follows：
2-1-7) repeat step 2-1-1) to 2-1-6), the Wastewater Sample for obtaining all sewage intake sampling points simultaneously calculates corresponding Concentration of suspension；
2-2) determine suspension particle diameter；Comprise the following steps that：
2-2-1) repeat step 2-1-1) to 2-1-2), obtain any sewage intake sampling point Wastewater Sample simultaneously carry out it is slow Once filter；
2-2-2) from by step 2-2-1) once filter after take 5~10ml in the Wastewater Sample that retains, utilize laser (model and the precision more high effect of laser particle analyzer are better for particle size analyzer；The present embodiment uses Winner2000ZD laser particle sizes Instrument)) determination step 2-2-1) obtain Wastewater Sample in suspension grading curve and average grain diameter DIt is average。
3) to filtrate optimization with choosing；Comprise the following steps that：
3-1) removed to be acted on using the venturi between granule filter material the interception blocking of suspension in sewage in sewage Suspension average grain diameter D in suspension, sewageIt is averageThe venturi D of not isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous mediaVenturi is averagedIt is full Expression formula of the foot as shown in formula (2)：
DVenturi is averaged≈DIt is average (2)
According to formula (2), DVenturi is averagedValue be step 2) the average grain diameter D of suspension in obtained Wastewater SampleIt is average。
3-2) in filtering particulate material filtrate by a variety of different-grain diameters, different quality ratio (thickness ratio) spherical particle with most Tightly packed form accumulation is formed.
According to formula (3), the filtrate constituted to the not isometrical spherical particle by different quality and particle diameter, filtrate is by quality m1, particle diameter DP1；Quality m2, particle diameter DP2；Quality m3, particle diameter DP3；……；Quality mn, particle diameter DPnIsometrical spherical particle is most tight Closs packing is formed.
Porous media is changed into isometrical spherical particle closestpacking by not isometrical spherical particle closestpacking, i.e., it is every After a kind of particle of particle diameter is according to isometrical spherical particle closestpacking, the throat diameter of the porous media of formation is DVenturi, Such as particle diameter DPnParticle it is corresponding be DVenturi n。
For the D of determinationVenturi is averaged, it is first determined the species (species of grain diameter) of filtrate, that is, determine n concrete numerical value； According to n value, the quality and corresponding venturi of n kind filtrates are determined respectively；The process of filtrate is chosen by being accomplished manually, is specifically had Two kinds of implementations：
The quality of n kind filtrates, i.e. quality m 3-2-1) are first determined respectively1, quality m2, quality m3..., quality mn；Then Determine n kinds filtrate according to the corresponding venturi of isometrical spherical particle closestpacking, i.e. venturi DVenturi 1, venturi DVenturi 2, venturi DVenturi 3..., venturi DVenturi n。
3-2-2) first determine n kinds filtrate according to the corresponding venturi of isometrical spherical particle closestpacking, i.e. venturi respectively DVenturi 1, venturi DVenturi 2, venturi DVenturi 3..., venturi DVenturi n；It is then determined that the corresponding quality m of n kind filtrates1, quality m2, quality m3..., quality mn。
It is 3-3) 4 balls point, two layers of most compact reactor by the minimum unit body of isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous media Product is formed, as shown in Figure 2.Minimum unit body is further simplified as being connected by 4 centre ofs sphere and the three of a positive tetrahedron is constituted Shown in pyramid, such as Fig. 4 (a), a face of positive tetrahedron is further taken, shown in such as Fig. 4 (b).In Fig. 4 (b), at intermediate blank The diameter of prototype is the corresponding venturi of isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous media.
The corresponding venturi D of isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous media is derived by Fig. 4 (b)VenturiIt is straight with spherical particle Footpath DPIn the presence of following relational expression, shown in expression formula such as formula (4)：
According to formula (4), with reference to step 3) obtained every kind of filtrate is corresponding according to isometrical spherical particle closestpacking Venturi DVenturi 1, venturi DVenturi 2, venturi DVenturi 3..., venturi DVenturi n, the corresponding particle diameter D of every kind of filtrate is calculated respectivelyP1, particle diameter DP2, particle diameter DP3..., particle diameter DPn。
Thereby determined that the optimization filtrate for going oil removal equipment corresponding to the Wastewater Sample with selecting the scheme to be：Quality m1, particle diameter DP1；Quality m2, particle diameter DP2；Quality m3, particle diameter DP3；……；Quality mn, particle diameter DPnThe filtrate combination constituted.
Remarks：In engineering, for same filtering tank, its cross-sectional area is certain, filtrate of phase same material, and it is laid Thickness can representation quality.Particle diameter D is asked according to formula (3) simultaneouslyPn, without knowing corresponding definite quality mn, in quality hundred Divide under conditions of ratio, you can ask for venturi DVenturi n, and then particle diameter D can be asked forPn。
4) optimization of evaluation filtrate, which is matched somebody with somebody, selects effect；
In order to weigh the removal effect of suspension in sewage, removal efficiency α, expression formula such as formula (5) institute are defined Show：
In formula (5), CWaterAny suspension for carrying out mouth of a river Wastewater Sample for going oil removal equipment obtained for step (2) Concentration, unit mg/L；CWater outletFor the concentration of suspension of the delivery port Wastewater Sample for going oil removal equipment, unit mg/L；α values It is bigger, represent that this link suspension removal effect is better, illustrate to go according to the granule filter material combination selected by this method is more suitable Except suspension in such sewage.
Grading curve for improving suspension in preceding delivery port sewage, with sealing area, ((grain size curve is sat with horizontal The closing area that parameter is enclosed) 2/3 be boundary, it is determined that the main concentrated area of suspension, i.e. particle diameter in sewage before improving Main region [a b].
It is boundary for the grading curve of suspension in delivery port sewage after improvement, 2/3 with sealing area, it is determined that changing Enter the main concentrated area of suspension in rear sewage, i.e. particle diameter main region [c d].
The change of particle diameter affiliated area before and after comparative analysis is improved, when there is c ＜ a and d ＜ b, illustrates the filter after improving Material is better to the suspension removal effect in sewage, and this difference is bigger, represents that removal effect is better.
Embodiment
Filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material proposed by the present invention is matched somebody with somebody choosing side by the specific embodiment of the present invention Method is applied to the sewage water filtration of oil field extracted water.
The current recovered water Sewage Disposal handling process in certain oil field and granule filter material present situation are as follows：
The disposing polluted water in oil station sewage treatment process is " one-level settling tank → bis- grade settling tank → one-level quartz sand filter media Filtering tank → secondary quartz sand filtering material filtering tank "；" one-level quartz sand filter media filtering tank " and " secondary quartz sand filtering material mistake in technique Filter tank " is typical filtering particulate material link, and its major function is suspension in removal oil field extracted water.
In this process, the original filtrate parameter of secondary quartz sand filtering tank, is shown in Table 1.
The original filtrate parameter list of secondary quartz sand filtering tank of table 1
Quartz sand species 1 2 3 4
Particle diameter/μm 300 500 600 800
Thickness/mm 150 150 250 250
Mass percent/% 18.75 18.75 31.25 31.25
In the present embodiment, before process modification, to 2 kinds of Wastewater Samples of secondary quartz sand filtering tank water and water outlet, respectively from In November, 2015 to 7 totally months in May, 2016, amount on every month 10, No. 20 and No. 30 and detect 21 times.Obtained secondary quartz Concentration of suspension schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 5 in sand filtering tank water and water outlet.In figure, the line corresponding to triangular data points is The concentration of suspension curve of water, the line corresponding to square data points is the concentration of suspension curve of water outlet, every curve On have 21 data points correspondence, 21 detections；Found out by Fig. 5：Fall between secondary quartz sand filtering tank water and the curve of water outlet Difference is smaller, by taking the 21st testing result as an example, and concentration of suspension is that concentration of suspension is in 150.64mg/L, water outlet in water 127.69mg/L, concentration of suspension only have dropped 22.95mg/L.Fig. 6 is clearance of the secondary quartz sand filtering tank to suspension Curve map, is found out by Fig. 6：Secondary quartz sand filtering tank removal efficiency is in 10.44%~18.87%, and clearance is smaller, By taking the 21st testing result as an example, removal efficiency is only 15.23%.Fig. 7 is suspension grading curve figure in sewage, Found out by Fig. 7：For " secondary quartz sand filtering tank water -21st time " and " preceding water outlet-the of secondary quartz sand filtering tank improvement 21 times " in suspension grading curve it is substantially similar；With the sealing area (envelope that grain size curve is enclosed with axis of abscissas Close area) 2/3 be boundary, the suspension particle diameter main region of 2 kinds of water samples is at 35~80 μm；Relative to water curve, water outlet Curve is only offset a bit slightly to the left；The average grain diameter of water is 61.09 μm；The average grain diameter of water outlet is 56.33 μm.It is comprehensive above Conjunction can be obtained：Secondary quartz sand filtering tank is poor to suspension removal effect, and filtrate is substantially at disarmed state.
Choosing method is matched somebody with somebody in filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material proposed by the present invention, is comprised the following steps：
1) sewage intake sampling point is determined；
In the present embodiment, one is respectively set up to the come mouth of a river and the delivery port of secondary quartz sand filtering tank in sewage treatment process Sewage sampling point.
2) suspension feature in analysis sewage；Comprise the following steps that：
2-1) determine concentration of suspension；Comprise the following steps that：
2-1-1) in step 1) determine any sewage intake sampling point at (the present embodiment for secondary quartz sand filtering tank come The mouth of a river and delivery port) Wastewater Sample that volume is V is taken, the present embodiment V is 500ml；
2-1-2) using 10 aperture 0.1mm filter membrane to step 2-1-1) Wastewater Sample of collection carries out slow once mistake Filter；Every filter membrane only filters 50ml Wastewater Sample, to prevent in filter process, aperture 0.1mm filter membrane surface forms densification Filter layer, causes suspension in sewage (particle diameter is in 0.1 μm~100 μm) to lose；The sewage after filtering is preserved, ignores particle diameter ＞ The volume of 100 μm of solid particle, the Wastewater Sample cumulative volume after filtering is still V.
It is 2-1-3) that 0.1 μm of filter membrane is put into surface plate by an aperture, by filter membrane and surface plate together in 40 DEG C of baking ovens Dry after 8h, filter membrane and surface plate are integrally weighed and are designated as G1(this implementation is weighed using Mei Teletuo benefit MS205DU electronics day It is flat, range 0~82g, precision 0.01mg).
2-1-4) in surface plate take out drying after 0.1 μm of aperture filter membrane, using dry 0.1 μm of filter membrane of back aperture to warp Cross step 2-1-2) once filter after the volume that retains carry out slow secondary filter for V Wastewater Samples；
0.1 μm of the aperture filter membrane after secondary filter (now 2-1-5) will be adhered into volume on the filter membrane of 0.1 μm of aperture 0.1 μm~100 μm suspensions are in for the particle diameter in V Wastewater Samples) it is put into original surface ware, then by filter membrane and surface plate one Rise and dried in 40 DEG C of baking ovens after 12h, filter membrane and surface plate are integrally weighed and are designated as G2。
Concentration of suspension C in Wastewater Sample 2-1-6) is calculated using formula (1), expression formula is as follows：
2-1-7) repeat step 2-1-1) to 2-1-6), the Wastewater Sample for obtaining all sewage intake sampling points simultaneously calculates corresponding Concentration of suspension；
2-2) determine suspension particle diameter；Comprise the following steps that：
2-2-1) repeat step 2-1-1) to 2-1-2), obtain any sewage intake sampling point Wastewater Sample simultaneously carry out it is slow Once filter；
5~10ml 2-2-2) is taken from the Wastewater Sample retained after once filtering, laser particle analyzer (laser particle size is utilized Model and the precision more high effect of instrument are better；The present embodiment uses Winner2000ZD laser particle analyzers)) determination step 2-2-1) The grading curve of suspension and average grain diameter D in the Wastewater Sample of acquisitionIt is average。
In the present embodiment, with the data instance of the 21st detection, water and the water outlet (the of secondary quartz sand filtering tank are obtained 21 times) average grain diameter, as shown in Figure 7.
3) to filtrate optimization with choosing；Comprise the following steps that：
3-1) removed to be acted on using the venturi between granule filter material the interception blocking of suspension in sewage in sewage Suspension average grain diameter D in suspension, sewageIt is averageThe venturi D of not isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous mediaVenturi is averagedIt is full Expression formula of the foot as shown in formula (2)：
DVenturi is averaged≈DIt is average (2)
According to formula (2), DVenturi is averagedValue be step 2) the average grain diameter D of suspension in obtained Wastewater SampleIt is average。
In in the present embodiment, secondary quartz sand filtering tank water -21st time " concentration of suspension be 150.64mg/L, it is flat Equal particle diameter DIt is averageFor 61.09 μm.
3-2) according to formula (3), for the D of determinationVenturi is averaged, it is first determined the species (species of grain diameter) of filtrate, i.e., really Determine n concrete numerical value；According to n value, the quality and corresponding venturi of n kind filtrates are determined respectively；
In the present embodiment, the quartz sand particle filtrate of 4 kinds of different-grain diameters, i.e. n=4 are first determined.
It is then determined that the quality of this 4 kinds of different-grain diameter quartz sands, it is first determined 4 kinds of different-grain diameter quartz sand laying depths point Not Wei 160mm, 160mm, 240mm, 240mm, because material is identical, and filling filtering tank cross-sectional area it is identical, so often The quartz sand of particle diameter is planted in overall quartz sand percentage thickness, that is, represents mass percent.Thereby determine that this 4 kinds of different-grain diameter stones The mass percent of sand is respectively 20%, 20%, 30%, 30%.
Finally determine this 4 kinds of different-grain diameter quartz sands according to the corresponding venturi of isometrical spherical particle closestpacking, i.e. larynx Road DVenturi 1=46.40 μm, venturi DVenturi 2=54.13 μm, venturi DVenturi 3=61.87 μm, venturi DVenturi 4=77.33 μm.
3-3) the corresponding venturi D of isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous mediaVenturiWith spherical particle diameter DPIn the presence of such as Lower relational expression, shown in expression formula such as formula (4)：
According to formula (4), with reference to step 3) obtained every kind of filtrate is corresponding according to isometrical spherical particle closestpacking Venturi DVenturi 1, venturi DVenturi 2, venturi DVenturi 3..., venturi DVenturi n, the corresponding particle diameter D of every kind of filtrate is calculated respectivelyP1, particle diameter DP2, particle diameter DP3..., particle diameter DPn。
Thereby determined that the optimization filtrate for going oil removal equipment corresponding to the Wastewater Sample with selecting the scheme to be：Quality m1, particle diameter DP1；Quality m2, particle diameter DP2；Quality m3, particle diameter DP3；……；Quality mn, particle diameter DPnThe filtrate combination constituted.
In the present embodiment, with reference to venturi DVenturi 1=46.40 μm, venturi DVenturi 2=54.13 μm, venturi DVenturi 3=61.87 μm, Venturi DVenturi 4=77.33 μm, corresponding particle diameter D is calculated respectivelyP1=300 μm, particle diameter DP2=350 μm, particle diameter DP3=400 μm, Particle diameter DP4=500 μm.
Having thereby determined that out that filtrate optimization is matched somebody with somebody selects scheme to be shown in Table 2.
Filtrate parameter list after the secondary quartz sand filtering tank of table 2 is improved
Quartz sand species 1 2 3 4
Particle diameter/μm 300 350 400 500
Thickness/mm 160 160 240 240
Mass percent/% 20 20 30 30
4) optimization of evaluation filtrate, which is matched somebody with somebody, selects effect；
In order to weigh the removal effect of suspension in sewage, removal efficiency α, expression formula such as formula (5) institute are defined Show：
In formula (5)：CWaterAny suspension for carrying out mouth of a river Wastewater Sample for going oil removal equipment obtained for step (2) Concentration, unit mg/L；CWater outletFor the concentration of suspension of the delivery port Wastewater Sample for going oil removal equipment, unit mg/L；α values It is bigger, represent that this link suspension removal effect is better, illustrate to go according to the granule filter material combination selected by this method is more suitable Except suspension in such sewage.
4-2) using laser particle analyzer, ((model and the precision more high effect of laser particle analyzer are better；The present embodiment is using this Embodiment uses Winner2000ZD laser particle analyzers) particle diameter distribution that determines suspension in the sewage of delivery port before and after improving is bent Line.
Grading curve for improving suspension in preceding delivery port sewage, with sealing area, (grain size curve is sat with horizontal The closing area that parameter is enclosed) 2/3 be boundary, it is determined that the main concentrated area of suspension, i.e. particle diameter in sewage before improving Main region [a b].
It is boundary for the grading curve of suspension in delivery port sewage after improvement, 2/3 with sealing area, it is determined that changing Enter the main concentrated area of suspension in rear sewage, i.e. particle diameter main region [c d].
The change of particle diameter affiliated area before and after comparative analysis is improved, when there is c ＜ a and d ＜ b, illustrates the filter after improving Material is better to the suspension removal effect in sewage, and this difference is bigger, represents that removal effect is better.
The present embodiment, water outlet situation contrast table is as shown in table 3 before and after secondary quartz sand filtering tank is improved：
Table 3：Water outlet situation contrast table before and after secondary quartz sand filtering tank is improved
Found out by table 3：After method according to the present invention is improved secondary quartz sand filtering tank filtrate, suspension is dense in water outlet Degree falls below 18.65mg/L by 127.69mg/L；Removal efficiency is by 15.23% lifting to 87.62%.Found out by Fig. 6： Suspension particle diameter main region is down to 10~45 μm by 35~80 μm in water outlet；Suspension average grain diameter is down to by 56.23 microns 19.29 microns.
Suspension removal effect lifts the analysis of causes after improvement：
The average venturi that secondary quartz sand filtering tank filtrate after improving is calculated by formula (3) and formula (4) is 61.87 μm, its For for average 90.86 μm of venturi before improving, 28.99 μm are reduced, and relative to the average grain diameter that suspended in water 61.09, only 0.78 μm of difference.Particle diameter in water can be in 61.87~90.86 μm of suspension removal by filtrate after improvement Fall.Filtrate constitutes in the venturi and water of porous media that suspension particle diameter is closer after improvement, and matching degree is bigger, improves Interception blocking effect of the filtrate to suspension is more notable afterwards, thus improves the suspension removal effect of whole technique.
Thus prove：According to the method for the present invention to granule filter material optimization with choosing, it is possible to achieve improve filtering particulate material Purpose of the mode to removal efficiency.

Claims (1)

1. choosing method is matched somebody with somebody in filtrate optimization in a kind of filtering particulate material, it is characterised in that comprised the following steps：
1) sewage intake sampling point is determined；
It is determined that needing the sewage disposal point for carrying out filtering particulate material to go oil removal equipment, each oil removal equipment is gone The mouth of a river of coming set up a sewage intake sampling point；
2) suspension particle diameter is determined；Comprise the following steps that：
2-1) in step 1) determine any sewage intake sampling point at take volume be V Wastewater Sample；
2-2) using several apertures 0.1mm filter membrane to step 2-1) collection Wastewater Sample carry out slowly once filter；Often The Wastewater Sample for opening membrane filtration is less than or equal to 50ml, preserves the Wastewater Sample after filtering, the Wastewater Sample cumulative volume after filtering Still it is V；
2-3) repeat step 2-1) to 2-2), obtain each sewage intake sampling point Wastewater Sample and simultaneously carry out slowly once filtering；
2-4) from by step 2-3) once filter after any Wastewater Sample in take 5~10ml, determined using laser particle analyzer Step 2-3) obtain the Wastewater Sample in suspension grading curve and average grain diameter DIt is average；
3) to filtrate optimization with choosing；Comprise the following steps that：
3-1) suspension average grain diameter D in Wastewater SampleIt is averageThe venturi of not isometrical spherical particle closestpacking porous media DVenturi is averagedMeet the expression formula as shown in formula (2)：
DVenturi is averaged≈DIt is average (2)
According to formula (2), DVenturi is averagedValue is step 2) the average grain diameter D of suspension in obtained Wastewater SampleIt is average；
3-2) according to formula (3), for the D of determinationVenturi is averaged, it is first determined the species of filtrate, it is true respectively further according to the species of filtrate The quality and corresponding venturi of fixed every kind of filtrate；Expression formula is as follows：
In formula, n is the species number of filtrate, m1、m2、m3、……、mnFor the quality of every kind of filtrate；DVenturi 1、DVenturi 2、DVenturi 3、……、 DVenturi nFor the venturi of every kind of filtrate；
3-3) the venturi D of filtrateVenturiWith spherical particle diameter DPIn the presence of following relational expression, shown in expression formula such as formula (4)：
According to formula (4), with reference to step 3) the obtained venturi D of every kind of filtrateVenturi 1、DVenturi、DVenturi 3、……、DVenturi n, calculate respectively The corresponding particle diameter D of every kind of filtrateP1、DP2、DP3、……、DPn；Thereby determine that and go oil removal equipment corresponding to the Wastewater Sample Optimization filtrate with selecting the scheme to be：Quality m1, particle diameter DP1；Quality m2, particle diameter DP2；Quality m3, particle diameter DP3；……；Quality mn、 Particle diameter DPnThe filtrate combination constituted.
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