CN107109200A - 基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的交联处理液及压裂地下地层的方法 - Google Patents
基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的交联处理液及压裂地下地层的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107109200A CN107109200A CN201580071921.XA CN201580071921A CN107109200A CN 107109200 A CN107109200 A CN 107109200A CN 201580071921 A CN201580071921 A CN 201580071921A CN 107109200 A CN107109200 A CN 107109200A
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- backwater
- agent
- seawater
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Abstract
本发明提供了交联压裂液,其允许回水在未处理下再利用,从而最小化其环境影响并将利用淡水来刺激新井眼或再刺激以前刺激过的井眼降至很低的水平。提供了基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物制备所述流体并利用它地下压裂被井眼穿透的地层的方法。所述流体基本上由下列组成:回水、采出水、海水、淡水或其混合物,其量足以水化胶凝剂和形成凝胶化的水流体;胶凝剂;铁控制剂;碱性缓冲剂;延迟交联剂;和“破胶”所述流体和改善裂缝清理的破坏体系。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的交联和延缓型压裂液,和由采井钻出的地下岩层的压裂液的使用方法。
背景技术
油气井经常受到水力压裂操作以增加来自地下地层的石油和天然气流量。水力压裂通过将粘性压裂液经过井管注入待压裂的地下地层中、并在所述地层中施加足够的液压以在其上产生一个或多个裂缝而实现。所述压裂液可以利用回水、采出水、海水、淡水或其混合物制备,以水化胶凝剂并形成粘性的水流体。为了提升适当的粘度来增加井深,可以在压裂液中纳入缓冲剂和交联剂,例如有硼酸根离子释放能力的化合物。
基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的硼酸盐交联的压裂液在直至90至120℃(200至250°F)范围的低至中等温度下的压裂应用中显示出令人满意的性能。在这些温度下,形成充分交联的凝胶所需要的pH在8.5至9.5的范围内。一般而言,所述充分交联的凝胶可以定义为在100/sec的剪切速率下具有约100厘泊或更高的基准粘度(referenceviscosity)。为了形成供在高于90至120℃(200至250°F)范围内的地层温度下使用的充分交联凝胶,硼酸盐交联的压裂液的初始pH应该在高于8.5至9.5的范围内。然而压裂液的pH升高在高于9.5的水平下有一些操作问题。例如,所述回水、采出水、海水、淡水或其混合物具有多价离子例如钙和镁离子,在不使用抑制多价离子的螯合或多价螯合剂的情况下,所述多价离子在9.5至10.0范围内的较高pH下形成不溶性沉淀物。固体沉淀物的存在降低了裂缝内部支撑剂的整体有效电导率,并最终,由此影响压裂操作的生产力。
为了进行更深的压裂操作,希望延迟所述压裂液的交联。特别是,当一般在因泵送设备的极限引起的注入速度较低下进行这些操作时,延迟交联在地层压裂中是有利的。注入速度降低,通常约1589.9L/min(10桶/分钟)或更低,导致运送时间增加。运送时间是指压裂液从地面泵送设备运行到待压裂的地层所需要的时间。一般而言,希望在流体到达待压裂的地层时的最后运送时间附近发生交联。如果过快产生所述交联,则压裂液粘度增加将增加在管道中因摩擦的损耗并将产生泵送压力增加。为了克服这些问题,所述压裂液交联延迟到所述流体到达待压裂的地层附近的位置之时。另一方面,当一般在较高的注入速度下进行这类地层压裂操作时,该同样的分析可以应用于所述操作。较高的注入速度,通常是7949.4-11924L/min(50-75桶/分钟)或更高,导致管道摩擦增加。
为了这些和本领域技术人员了解的其他原因,对基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的压裂液有需求,所述压裂液避免沉淀物形成并在低、中和高温下的压裂操作中形成延迟流体。
附图说明
图1表现了为验证交联凝胶的流变特性而进行的试验的结果。
发明内容
本发明提供了交联压裂液和使用所述流体压裂地下地层的方法,满足上述需求并克服了现有技术的不足。本发明的压裂液和方法对用于回水和采出水管理涉及不同的复杂情况的油气田例如对于没有注井或者产水流量超过注入流量的油气田特别有用。即使流体是基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,但为了促进流体的注入和控制压裂操作的其他方面,所述交联可以延迟。
在一般性实施方式中,本发明的组合物是高温下延迟交联的压裂液,其包含:
-回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,以至少足以水化所述胶凝剂的量存在,从而形成凝胶化的水流体;
-胶凝剂;
-铁控制剂,其能够控制铁和其他金属例如锰、钴、铜、钼、锡等的存在;
-硼控制剂,其能够保持对回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物中的硼浓度的控制,以避免它们对所述交联反应的任何潜在作用;
-碱性缓冲剂,其能够增加pH,即使在高盐度和硬度条件和低温下;
-交联剂,其能够在8.5至9.5之间范围内的pH下引起胶凝剂的延迟交联,使得所述交联延迟约1分钟或更长;和
-“破胶”所述流体和改善裂缝清理的破坏体系;
-所述体系可以包含如本领域中广泛使用的许多其他添加剂:杀生物剂,粘土稳定剂,表面活性剂,防乳化剂,返回改进剂,温度稳定剂,减摩剂,气体水合物抑制剂,支撑剂返回控制剂,滤失控制添加剂,发泡剂,偶联剂,支撑剂悬浮添加剂,溶剂,互溶剂,石蜡/沥青烯控制添加剂,相对渗透率调节剂,树脂活化剂,结壳抑制剂,以及对于具体刺激工作的设计可能有用的任何其他添加剂。
在一种实施方式中,用于压裂被井穿透并且温度高达90至120℃(200至250°F)范围的地下地层的本发明方法,基本上包含以下阶段:
(a)制备基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的交联和延迟压裂液,其包含胶凝剂;回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,其以至少足以水化所述胶凝剂的量存在,从而形成凝胶化的水流体;能够控制铁和其他金属的存在的铁控制剂;能够保持对回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物中的硼浓度的控制的硼控制剂;即使在高盐度和硬度条件下以低浓度也能够增加pH的碱性缓冲剂;交联剂,其能够在8.5至9.5范围内的pH下引起胶凝剂的延迟交联,由此所述交联延迟约1分钟或更长;以及破胶所述液体并改善裂缝清理的破坏体系;和
(b)以形成地下地层裂缝的速度和压力将所述压裂液引入地下地层中。
除了压裂地下地层以外,本发明的压裂液对于其他操作也是有用的。例如,流体可以用于联合的压裂/镂蚀操作。
具体实施方式
本发明的交联压裂液的主要优点是可以用回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物制备流体,从任何源头(注井、排井、海洋、河流等)泵送到压裂操作地点,无论所述工作在何处进行。结果,本组合物是便宜的并且易于利用许多混合程序或连续泵送制备。
另一个主要优点是本发明的交联压裂液在直到90至120℃(200至250°F)范围的温度下和在8.5至9.5范围内的pH下是稳定的。由于pH较低,流体与酶促破坏剂相容,并且钙和镁盐留在溶液中。此外,当用回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物水化胶凝剂时,所述压裂液提供交联的延迟,其适合于在较深的高度下和/或用较低的泵送流量压裂地下地层。因此,所述压裂液具有对运输支撑剂而言足够高的初粘度,但它又没有高到难以泵送。
通常,本发明的交联压裂液包含胶凝剂;回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,其以至少足以水化所述胶凝剂的量存在,从而形成凝胶化的水流体;铁控制剂,其能够控制铁和其他金属的存在;硼控制剂,其能够保持控制回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物中的硼浓度;碱性缓冲剂,其即使在高盐度和硬度条件下以低浓度也能够增加pH;交联剂,其能够在8.5至9.5范围内的pH下引起胶凝剂的延迟交联,由此所述交联延迟约1分钟或更长;以及破胶所述液体并改善裂缝清理的破坏体系。
合适的胶凝剂包含半乳甘露聚糖胶、改性或衍生的半乳甘露聚糖胶、和纤维素的衍生物。可以用于本发明中的其他胶凝剂实例包括但不限于,瓜尔胶、羟丙基瓜尔胶、羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶、羧甲基瓜尔胶、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素、及其混合物。优选的胶凝剂包括瓜尔胶和羟丙基瓜尔胶。此外,可以使用本领域公知的、但在本文中没有具体提到的其他天然或合成聚合物。
胶凝剂在压裂液中以25.75至103.02Kg/m3(15至60磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的范围存在,优选从34.34至77.27Kg/m3(20至45磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,并最优选从42.92至61Kg/m3(25至35磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物。
回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,以至少足以水化所述胶凝剂的量存在,从而形成凝胶化的水流体。
本发明的压裂液包含能够控制铁和其他金属例如锰、钴、铜、钼锡等存在的铁控制剂。合适的铁控制或螯合剂包括但不限于,螯合化合物剂例如,硫脲;乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA);丙二胺四乙酸(PDTA);三乙酸腈(NTA);(2-羟乙基)乙二胺三乙酸(HEDTA);环己二胺四乙酸(CDTA);二苯基氨基磺酸(DPAS);乙二胺-二(或-羟苯基)乙酸(EDDHA);水杨酸;磺基水杨酸;葡糖庚酸;葡糖酸;抗坏血酸;赤藓糖酸;富马酸;柠檬酸;氨基磺酸;马来酸;甲酸;乳酸;邻苯二甲酸;酒石酸;硫氰酸;甲基甘氨酸二乙酸(MGDA);3-丙氨酸二乙酸(3-ADA);乙二胺琥珀酸;S,S-乙二胺琥珀酸(EDDS);亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDS);羟基亚氨基二琥珀酸(HIDS);多氨基二琥珀酸;N-双[2-(1,2-二羧基乙基)乙基]甘氨酸(BCA6);N-双[2-(1,2-二羧基乙氧基)乙基]天冬氨酸(BCA5);N-双[2-(1,2-二羧基乙氧基)乙基]甲基甘氨酸(MCBAS);N-三[(1,2-二羧基乙氧基)乙基]胺(TCA6);N-甲基亚氨基二乙酸(MIDA);亚氨基二乙酸(IDA);N-(2-乙酰氨基)亚氨基二乙酸(ADA);羟乙基-亚氨基二乙酸;2-(2-羧乙基氨基)琥珀酸(CEAA);2-(2-羧甲基氨基)琥珀酸(CMAA);邻二亚乙基三胺基-N,N"-二琥珀酸;三亚乙基四胺基-N,N"'-二琥珀酸;1,6-己撑二胺-N,N'-二琥珀酸;四亚乙基五胺基-N,N""-二琥珀酸;2-羟基丙-1,3-二氨基-N,N'-二琥珀酸;1,2-丙二氨基-N,N'-二琥珀酸;1,3-丙二氨基-N,N'-二琥珀酸;顺式环己二氨基-N,N'-二琥珀酸;反式环己二氨基-N,N'-二琥珀酸;亚乙基-双(氧化乙烯腈)-N,N'-二琥珀酸;半胱氨酸-N,N-二乙酸;半胱氨酸-N-单乙酸;丙氨酸-N-单乙酸;N-(3-羟基琥珀酰基)天冬氨酸;N-[2-(3-羟基琥珀酰基)]-L-丝氨酸;天冬氨酸-N,N-二乙酸;天冬氨酸-N-单乙酸;二硫代氨基甲酸酯组合物;其任何盐、其任何衍生物、其任何混合物等。
已经发现,亚烷基二膦酸、其任何盐、其任何衍生物、其任何混合物等作为铁抑制剂和类似的物质有效用于本发明。示例性的亚烷基二膦酸化合物包括但不限于,乙酸亚甲基二膦酸;乙酸亚乙基二膦酸;乙酸异亚丙基二膦酸;乙酸1-羟基亚乙基二膦酸;乙酸六亚甲基二膦酸;乙酸三亚甲基二膦酸;乙酸十亚甲基二膦酸;乙酸1-羟基亚丙基二膦酸;1,6-二羟基乙酸,1,6-二甲基,己烷亚乙基二膦酸;1,4-二羟基乙酸,1,4-二乙基(1,4-dietil),四亚甲基二膦酸;1,3-二羟基乙酸,1,3-二丙基,三亚甲基二膦酸;1,4-二丁基乙酸,四亚甲基二膦酸;二羟基乙酸,二乙基,亚乙基二膦酸;乙酸四丁基亚丁基二膦酸;4-羟基乙酸,6-乙基,六亚甲基二膦酸。优选的铁控制剂是甲酸、氨基磺酸、葡糖酸和硫氰酸。
所述铁控制剂在压裂液中通常以0至85.85Kg/m3(0至50磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的范围存在,优选从1.72至42.93Kg/m3(1至25磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,最优选从4.29至25.76Kg/m3(2.5至15磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物。
本发明的压裂液包含硼控制剂,其能够保持控制回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物中的硼浓度,以避免它们对交联反应的任何潜在作用。所述硼控制剂可以选自“多羟基醇”或“多元醇”。
用于本说明书中时,术语“多羟基醇”或“多元醇”是指具有相邻的顺式取向的羟基、即顺式羟基的有机化合物。因此,所述多元醇可以包含例如糖这样的材料,包括但不限于单糖、分子量最多2000的低聚糖、以及具有天然和合成胶的多糖。术语“多元醇”还包括酸、酸式盐、酯、氢化衍生物和多元醇胺,只要所述多元醇具有并继续具有至少一组顺式羟基即可。例如,葡萄糖是单糖。单糖是具有式C6H12O6的不同单糖的任一种。葡糖酸是从葡萄糖衍生的酸。葡糖酸盐,例如,葡糖酸钠,是所述葡糖酸的盐。因此,葡糖酸盐是糖的酸衍生物的盐。甘露糖醇和山梨糖醇二者都是每个碳原子上有一个羟基的六羟基醇,并且它俩都是葡萄糖氢化衍生物,其是单糖或属类上是糖。
合适的多元醇是提供与回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物中的硼适当的相互作用、并在压裂过程的最终使用条件下稳定压裂液的那些多元醇。合适的多元醇优选是络合物的平衡常数在瓜尔胶衍生物或瓜尔胶的相同范围内(Keq至少103,优选至少104)的那些多元醇。这种合适的多元醇的实例包括果糖、山梨糖醇、葡糖酸和它们的盐例如葡糖酸钠、葡糖庚酸及其盐例如葡糖庚酸钠、甘露糖醇、核糖、阿拉伯糖和木糖。显示不适合于瓜尔胶或瓜尔胶衍生物、但可能可用于其他聚合物的多元醇包括葡萄糖、乙二醇、甘油、甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、酒石酸、柠檬酸、EDTA。
所述硼控制剂在压裂液中通常以0至17.17Kg/m3(0至10磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的范围存在,优选从0.086至8.58Kg/m3(0.05至5磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,并最优选从0.17至4.29Kg/m3(0.1至2.5磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物。
本发明的压裂液包含即使在高盐度和硬度条件下以低浓度都能够增加pH的碱性缓冲剂,所述碱性缓冲剂选自单、二、三和/或多胺、单、二、三和/或多取代胺、和/或其混合物。合适的碱性缓冲液包括但不限于,甲胺;二甲胺;三甲胺;乙胺;二乙胺;三乙胺;正丁胺;正癸胺;十二烷胺(DDA);单乙醇胺(MEA);二乙醇胺(DEA);三乙醇胺(TEA);二异丙胺;四亚甲基二胺(TMDA);六亚甲基二胺(HMD);1,6-己二胺;二亚乙基三胺(DETA);三亚乙基四胺(TETA);六亚甲基四胺(HMTA);四亚乙基五胺(TEPA);五亚乙基六胺(PEHA);及其混合物。其中,单乙醇胺(MEA);二乙醇胺(DEA);三乙醇胺(TEA);六亚甲基二胺(HMD);二亚乙基三胺(DETA),和/或其混合物是优选的。
所述碱性缓冲剂在压裂液中通常以0至34.34Kg/m3(0至20磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的范围存在,优选从0.86至25.75Kg/m3(0.5至15磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,并最优选从1.71至17.17Kg/m3(1至10磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物。
用于本发明中的交联剂能够在对于井管运送时间的8.5至9.5范围内的pH下引起所述胶凝剂的交联延迟多于5分钟。因此,由本发明的组合物展示的交联延迟是约5分钟或更长。合适的交联剂包括但不限于,氧化硼、硼酸、亚硼酸(ácidos borónicos)、偏硼酸盐、八硼酸盐、四硼酸盐、硬硼钙石、符硼镁石、基性硼钙石、戈硼钙石、水硼钙石、变水方硼石、多水硼镁石、板硼钙石、硼钾镁石(Heintzita)、库水硼镁石、三斜硼钙石、四水硼钙石、多水硼镁石、柱硼镁石、斜方水硼镁石、白硼钙石、基性硼钠钙石、纤硼钙石、硼钠钙石、水硼锶石及其混合物。其中,硼钠钙石、水硼钙石、硼酸、偏硼酸盐、八硼酸盐、四硼酸盐和/或其混合物是优选的。所使用的交联剂由当量浓度15至18%B2O3的浓缩悬液组成。所述延迟交联剂通常以足够的量与所述凝胶化的水流体组合,以提供在所述胶凝剂重量的0.01至0.1%范围内的硼浓度。
支撑剂也可以添加到本发明的压裂液中,以便在所述压裂液再次流到井内部之后保持裂缝开放。通常,所述支撑剂应该具有足够的抗压强度以抵抗压平,但它们也应该足够非磨损性和非角状的,以防在地层中剪切和结壳。合适的支撑剂实例包括但不限于,砂、分级干砌石、玻璃珠、烧结铝矾土、烧结铝矾土树脂、树脂砂、陶瓷和树脂陶瓷。支撑剂可以在本发明的组合物中以从0至2.99kg/L(0至25磅/加仑)范围的量存在,优选以从0.012至2.16kg/L(0.1至18磅/加仑)范围的量,并最优选以从0.03至1.44kg/L(0.25至12磅/加仑)范围的量。
本发明的压裂液也包含凝胶破坏剂,其“破胶”所述压裂液或降低其粘度,使它在清理期间容易从裂缝回收。用在本发明的压裂液上的合适的破坏剂的实例包括氧化剂、酶、酸、和酯。最优选的组合是由氧化剂和酯制成的那种。应用基于酯的破坏剂还为本发明的流体提供了另一个优点:在暴露于井底条件后酯裂解所述羧酸。酸在所述流体中的存在将降低pH使所述流体不稳定并改善粘度降低,但同时将有助于减少形成结壳的概率。所述氧化凝胶破坏剂在压裂液中通常以0至34.34Kg/m3(0至20磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的范围存在,优选从8.58至25.76Kg/m3(5至15磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,并最优选从8.58至17.17Kg/m3(5至10磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物。所述酯型氧化凝胶破坏剂在压裂液中通常以0至17.17Kg/m3(0至10磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的范围存在,优选从0.43至8.58Kg/m3(0.25至5磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,并最优选从0.43至4.29Kg/m3(0.25至2.5磅/1000加仑)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物。
所述压裂液可以包括各种其他常规添加剂,例如杀生物剂、粘土稳定剂、表面活性剂、防乳化剂、返回改进剂、温度稳定剂、减摩剂、气体水合物抑制剂、支撑剂返回控制剂、滤失控制添加剂、发泡剂、偶联剂、支撑剂悬浮添加剂、溶剂、互溶剂、石蜡/沥青烯控制添加剂、相对渗透率调节剂、树脂活化剂、结壳抑制剂、以及对于具体刺激工作的设计可能有用的等等添加剂,其不会与所述压裂液不利地反应或不以不希望的方式影响它们的性质。
本发明的所有组分可以在固体形态、水溶液、水悬浮液、非水溶液、非水悬浮液中制造和处理。同时,一种或多种具体添加剂自身或与一种或多种添加剂混合以减少在操作期间要配给的产品数量。
本发明的交联压裂液可以通过在回水、采出水、海水、淡水或其混合物中溶解胶凝剂而形成凝胶化的水流体、和通过凝胶化水流体和所述延迟交联剂的组合制备,能够在8.5至9.5范围内的pH下引起胶凝剂交联的延迟。所述胶凝剂作为固体或作为预水化形式的液态凝胶浓缩物或在悬液中,利用常规混合过程和泵送设备添加到所述回水、采出水、海水、淡水或其混合物中。然后,所述延迟交联组合物与所述凝胶化的水流体组合。如本领域技术人员所了解的,所述交联剂可以在所述凝胶化的水流体泵送到井中之时泵送和配给到所述凝胶化的水流体中。
本发明也提供了用于压裂被井穿透并且温度高达90至120℃(200至250°F)范围的地下地层的方法,所述方法基本上包含以下阶段:(a)制备基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的交联和延迟压裂液,其包含胶凝剂;回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,其以至少足以水化所述胶凝剂的量存在,从而形成凝胶化的水流体;铁控制剂,其能够控制铁和其他金属的存在;硼控制剂,其能够保持控制回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物中的硼浓度;碱性缓冲剂,其即使在高盐度和硬度条件下以低浓度也能够增加pH;交联剂,其能够在8.5至9.5范围内的pH下引起胶凝剂的延迟交联,由此所述交联延迟约1分钟或更长;以及破坏体系,其破胶所述液体并改善裂缝清理;和(b)以在地下地层中形成裂缝的流速和压力将所述压裂液引入地下地层中。
为了另外说明本发明的组合物和方法,提供了以下实施例:
实施例
实施例1-基础水
通过将从分开的电池(bacteria de separación)收集的未处理的50%v/v回水、和50%新鲜的河水(常规刺激水)在临进行以下实施例之前混合,制备基础水。
下面的表1详述了对回水的水分析和对新鲜河水的分析:
表1
实施例2-线性凝胶
所述线性凝胶按照以下阶段混合:
a)250ml在实施例1中混合的水添加到混合罐中。
b)所述罐放入混合器中,并以足以避免空气进入所述流体的rpm开始搅拌。
c)添加0.05gal/Mgal杀生物剂(GTM BIOX L 01)。
d)添加2gal/Mgal粘土稳定剂(GTM CLAC L 02)。
e)添加2gal/Mgal防乳化剂(GTM SURF NE 02)。
f)添加0.5gal/Mgal硼控制剂(ExtremeBoron 01)。
g)添加6.6磅/Mgal铁控制剂(ExtremeIron 02)。
h)测试所述混合物的pH以确保所述聚合物水化(pH是6.6)。
i)添加25磅/Mgal迅速水化型瓜尔胶(GTM GA 01)。
j)持续搅拌5分钟,所述凝胶完全水化并准备好交联。
在本发明的试验期间,发现在临到对交联凝胶进行流变试验之前,在等同于连续泵送操作的条件下,聚合物只应该水化必要的时间。时间过多,将在试验期间显示低性能,即使线性凝胶储存在冰箱中。
实施例3-交联凝胶
在完成上面实施例2的步骤(j)后,通过以下步骤混合交联凝胶。
a)添加6.5gal/Mgal延迟交联剂(ExtremeLink 01)。
b)添加5gal/Mgal碱性缓冲剂(ExtremeBuffer 01)。
c)保持搅拌以观察涡旋闭合时间,即,35至55秒的范围。
d)保持搅拌以观察冠状物形成时间,即45至65秒的范围。
e)停止搅拌,并通过“杯对杯”运动搅拌所述交联凝胶,以便观察舌状物形成时间,即50至75秒的范围或更短。
f)证实交联凝胶的pH以确保值良好,以免任何结壳形成(pH9.4)。
实施例4-交联凝胶试验
通过以下步骤测试实施例3的交联凝胶:
a)一份52ml的交联凝胶转移到M5600型Grace Instruments流变仪的转子(R1)。
b)所述含有流体样品的转子装入配备浮子(bob)B5的粘度计。
c)流体样品在27.58Bar(400psi)下加压,并且在所述流变仪中预加热的浴放入测试位置。
d)所述转子以601rpm开始,提供511/s的剪切速率3分钟,然后它降至118rpm,提供100/s的剪切速率直至试验结束。所述流变仪被程序化,除了当进行剪切速率爬坡时,在所述流体试验时保持100/s的恒定剪切速度。将剪切速率扫描程序化,在所述流体试验达到范围从90至120℃(200至250°F)的温度后,每10分钟以100、75、50、25、50、75和100/s进行。图1中显示了表观粘度试验结果。
e)记录各剪切速率下的剪切应力。从所述流变仪软件记录强度分布指数,n'和K'。这些指数在美国石油协会(American Petroleum Institute)(API)的出版物RP39,第三版,第6章节中定义。这些计算和在各剪切速率下所述试验的表观粘度的结果在表2中显示。
通常,假定在100/s下粘度高于100厘泊的流体适合于压裂操作。压裂液的稳定性根据它在给定温度下长时间中保持适当粘度的能力来定义。参考表2,数据显示,通过所述实施例配制的基于未处理的回水和淡水的混合物的流体,在范围从90至120℃(200至250°F)的温度下90分钟后,在100/s下具有高于350厘泊的粘度。因此,数据说明,本发明的基于回水的交联压裂液在高于93℃(200°F)的温度下是长时间稳定的。
表2
在如此特别描述和确定本发明的性质和对其进行实践的方式下,在权利要求书中要求了作为排他的性质和权利的技术方案。
Claims (3)
1.延缓交联压裂液,其允许再利用未处理的回水,所述流体在90℃至120℃(200°F至250°F)范围内的温度和从8.5至9.5范围内的pH下是稳定的,其中它包含:
a)回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,以至少足以水化所述胶凝剂的量存在;
b)胶凝剂,其选自瓜尔胶、羟丙基瓜尔胶、羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶、羧甲基瓜尔胶、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素、及其混合物,其量在25.76Kg/m3至103.02Kg/m3(15磅/1000加仑至60磅/1000加仑)所述回水的范围内;
c)铁控制剂,其选自乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA);三乙酸腈(NTA);水杨酸;磺基水杨酸;葡糖庚酸;葡糖酸;抗坏血酸;赤藓糖酸;富马酸;柠檬酸;氨基磺酸;马来酸;甲酸;乳酸;邻苯二甲酸;酒石酸;硫氰酸;其任何盐、其任何衍生物、其任何混合物,其量在4.29Kg/m3至25.75Kg/m3(2.5磅/1000加仑至15磅/1000加仑)所述回水的范围内;
d)硼控制剂,其选自多羟基醇或多元醇,其选自具有相邻的顺式取向的羟基的有机化合物,选自糖、酸、酸式盐、酯和氢化衍生物和多元醇胺;所述多元醇选自果糖、山梨糖醇、葡糖酸及其盐、葡糖酸钠、葡糖庚酸及其盐、葡糖庚酸钠、甘露糖醇、核糖、阿拉伯糖和木糖,及其混合物,其量在0.17Kg/m3至4.29Kg/m3(0.1磅/1000加仑至2.5磅/1000加仑)所述使用的水的范围内;
e)碱性缓冲剂,其选自甲胺;二甲胺;三甲胺;乙胺;二乙胺;三乙胺;正丁胺;正癸胺;十二烷胺(DDA);单乙醇胺(MEA);二乙醇胺(DEA);三乙醇胺(TEA);二异丙胺;四亚甲基二胺(TMDA);六亚甲基二胺(HMD);1,6-己二胺;二亚乙基三胺(DETA);三亚乙基四胺(TETA);六亚甲基四胺(HMTA);四亚乙基五胺(TEPA);五亚乙基六胺(PEHA);及其混合物;其中,单乙醇胺(MEA);二乙醇胺(DEA);三乙醇胺(TEA);六亚甲基二胺(HMD);二亚乙基三胺(DETA),和/或其混合物是优选的,其量在1.71Kg/m3至17.17Kg/m3(1磅/1000加仑至10磅/1000加仑)所述回水的范围内;
f)交联剂,其选自氧化硼、硼酸、亚硼酸、偏硼酸盐、八硼酸盐、四硼酸盐、硬硼钙石、符硼镁石、基性硼钙石、戈硼钙石、水硼钙石、变水方硼石、多水硼镁石、板硼钙石、硼钾镁石(Heintzita)、库水硼镁石、三斜硼钙石、四水硼钙石、多水硼镁石、柱硼镁石、斜方水硼镁石、白硼钙石、基性硼钠钙石、纤硼钙石、硼钠钙石、水硼锶石及其混合物,其量足以提供在所述胶凝剂重量的0.01至0.1%范围内的硼浓度;和
g)破坏体系,其选自氧化剂、酶、酸和酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压裂液,其特征在于它还包含选自下列的其他添加剂:支撑剂,杀生物剂,粘土稳定剂,表面活性剂,防乳化剂,返回改进剂,温度稳定剂,减摩剂,气体水合物抑制剂,支撑剂返回控制剂,滤失控制添加剂,发泡剂,偶联剂,支撑剂悬浮添加剂,溶剂,互溶剂,石蜡/沥青烯控制添加剂,相对渗透率调节剂,树脂活化剂,结壳抑制剂,以及对于具体刺激工作的设计可能有用的任何其他添加剂。
3.利用权利要求1的交联压裂液压裂被钻井穿透并且温度在90℃至120℃(200°F至250°F)范围的地下地层的方法,所述方法包含:
(a)制备基于回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物的交联和延迟压裂液,其包含:胶凝剂;回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物,其以至少足以水化所述胶凝剂的量存在,从而形成凝胶化的水流体;铁控制剂,其能够控制铁和其他金属的存在;硼控制剂,其能够保持对回水、采出水、海水、淡水及其混合物中的硼浓度的控制;碱性缓冲剂,其即使在高盐度和硬度条件下以低浓度也能够增加pH;交联剂,其能够在8.5至9.5范围内的pH下引起胶凝剂的延迟交联,由此所述交联延迟约1分钟或更长;以及破坏体系,其破胶所述液体并改善裂缝清理;和
(b)以形成地下地层裂缝的流速和压力将所述压裂液引入地下地层中。
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CN111154477A (zh) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-05-15 | 西南石油大学 | 一种对储层无伤害的高效缓速固体酸体系 |
CN111364964A (zh) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-07-03 | 西南石油大学 | 一种固体缓速酸的注入方法 |
CN112322273A (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种海底天然气水合物矿藏用压裂液 |
CN114262353A (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-01 | 昆山京昆油田化学科技有限公司 | 一种环氧琥珀酸改性甘露糖甲苷及其制备方法和应用、压裂液交联剂、压裂液 |
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WO2018220007A1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-06 | Total Marketing Services | Compound comprising polyamine, acidic and boron fonctionalities and its use as a lubricant additive |
CN110317601A (zh) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-11 | 北京宝丰春石油技术有限公司 | 一种高温酸性植物胶压裂液及其制备方法 |
US11441067B2 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2022-09-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Screening method for friction reducer precipitation |
US11435330B2 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2022-09-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Mitigation of friction reducer precipitation |
WO2023009115A1 (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of making and using a wellbore servicing fluid for iron mitigation |
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US5877127A (en) * | 1991-07-24 | 1999-03-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | On-the-fly control of delayed borate-crosslinking of fracturing fluids |
US6310008B1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-10-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cross-linked well treating fluids |
US7195065B2 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2007-03-27 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Stabilizing crosslinked polymer guars and modified guar derivatives |
US20120220503A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Javier Sanchez Reyes | Composition and method for treating well bore in a subterranean formation with crosslinkers polymer fluids |
NZ629295A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2016-12-23 | Tucc Technology Llc | Hybrid aqueous-based suspensions for hydraulic fracturing operations |
US20130261032A1 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Additive for subterranean treatment |
US20140194327A1 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-07-10 | Nathan R. Hutchings | Viscous fluid systems from waste water |
US20140364343A1 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-11 | Chemplex Advanced Materials, Llc | Produced Water Borate Crosslinking Compositions and Method of Use |
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- 2015-12-16 AU AU2015389879A patent/AU2015389879A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2015-12-16 RU RU2017132327A patent/RU2017132327A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-12-16 CA CA2959126A patent/CA2959126A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-16 BR BR112017012599-4A patent/BR112017012599A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-12-16 PE PE2017000411A patent/PE20171075A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111154477A (zh) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-05-15 | 西南石油大学 | 一种对储层无伤害的高效缓速固体酸体系 |
CN111364964A (zh) * | 2020-02-03 | 2020-07-03 | 西南石油大学 | 一种固体缓速酸的注入方法 |
CN112322273A (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种海底天然气水合物矿藏用压裂液 |
WO2021169480A1 (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-09-02 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种海底天然气水合物矿藏用压裂液 |
CN114262353A (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-01 | 昆山京昆油田化学科技有限公司 | 一种环氧琥珀酸改性甘露糖甲苷及其制备方法和应用、压裂液交联剂、压裂液 |
CN114262353B (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-11-07 | 昆山京昆油田化学科技有限公司 | 一种环氧琥珀酸改性甘露糖甲苷及其制备方法和应用、压裂液交联剂、压裂液 |
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AU2015389879A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
RU2017132327A (ru) | 2019-03-15 |
EP3178900A1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
MX2017004150A (es) | 2017-09-12 |
RU2017132327A3 (zh) | 2019-06-24 |
ECSP17014548A (es) | 2018-03-31 |
AR102026A1 (es) | 2017-02-01 |
WO2016156956A1 (es) | 2016-10-06 |
PE20171075A1 (es) | 2017-08-03 |
BR112017012599A2 (pt) | 2018-01-16 |
US20180016486A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
CO2017003240A2 (es) | 2017-06-20 |
CA2959126A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
WO2016156651A1 (es) | 2016-10-06 |
EP3178900A4 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
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