CN1071046A - The control of poultry-toed limb disease and prevention - Google Patents

Abstract

Prevent and treat the disease that in poultry, takes place that causes by Dactylaria gallopava by the natamycin that makes the poultry rearing place be exposed to effective dose.

Description

The control of poultry-toed limb disease and prevention

The present invention relates to the method for the toe acropathy (dactylariosis) that takes place in a kind of prevention and the control poultry, the measure of being adopted is that the natamycin with effective dose sprays on the respiratory system of fowl nest and/or poultry.

The toe acropathy is a kind of common poultry mycosis, and the respiratory system of usually attacking poultry is although also may relate to some other position.The toe acropathy is caused by Dactylaria gallopava mould that generally this mould is a kind of of mould family.Dactylaria gallopava will be in the environment of aerobic, and especially temperature is carried out the cell division breeding under high humility and more than 25 ℃.Sent out mould fowl nest, cereal, feed, dust and uncleanly incubation equipment and all relation has been arranged with toe acropathy unexpected.

The spore that sucks Dactylaria gallopava looks like main route of transmission, and chicken and poult are vulnerable to infect most.

Take place also may to occur with hatching behind the toe acropathy, mould just grows in the inside of egg, and the chicken that hatches in such egg just has very high onset risk.It generally is in immature poultry that the temperature of toe acropathy is prolonged, normally age in 1-3 week.When the toe acropathy was popular, lethality was approximately 10-50%.

The symptom of toe acropathy is: growth retardation, pant, be short of breath, lethargic sleep and very thirsty.The poultry of being infected also may show leg and paralyse, and is inharmonious, neck is crooked and brain inflammation.Brain inflammation can cause the cerebellum damage partly and the damage in eyesight leaf (optic lobes) district of the brain of poultry usually.Existing in these symptoms one or more can't be diagnosed as the toe acropathy infects.Clinical identification in morbidity poultry mould on one's body is unique diagnosis of determining.

As F.T.W.Jordan at " Poultry Diseases ", Bailliere Tindall, 3rd Edition, discussed among the p216-217 like that, current, the zygodactyl acropathy does not also have suitable methods of treatment.Ill and poultry that infected will be disposed usually, and must clean completely and strict sterilization environment.

In the past, egg will be with many kinds of reagent (comprising natamycin) sterilizations (United States Patent (USP) 3343968).It is useful handling egg with natamycin, but can not control because the toe acropathy that environmental condition takes place.

Natamycin is a kind of of antifungi (antimycotics) polyene.The compound natamycin is that molecular weight is approximately 666 tetraene, and the corresponding experience molecular formula generally is C ₃₃H ₄₇NO ₁₃, and include the carbohydrate part of joining sugar (glycosidically) connection, i.e. a mycosamine (mycosamine).It has pH is 6.5 isoelectric point.Natamycin exists with two kinds of versions (enol structure and ketone structure) usually.

Natamycin is called as a kind of human body antibiotic, and at " the Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances " of Florey, vol had relevant discussion in 10,1981.As Wolfgang P.Raab at " Pharmacology ", Natamycin(Pimaricin) (1972, Georg Thieme Publishers, Stuttgart, p18 ﹠amp; That was carried in 19) is such, makes saccharomycete that the people infects and mould show susceptibility to natamycin usually.More than each disclosed contents of these publications here quoted as a reference in the lump.

A task of the present invention is exactly to utilize natamycin control and prevention and the relevant poultry disease of Dactylaria gallopava mould.People's inhabitation place is different with the environmental characteristic of the raising farm of poultry (perhaps can be subjected to the infection of Dactylaria gallopava), thereby the anti-Dactylaria gallopava of natamycin is a surprising discovery to the efficient of the infection of poultry.When we when emphasizing the surprising efficient of poultry disease that natamycin treatment is relevant with Dactylaria gallopava, consider the anatomy between people and the poultry, the difference of aspects such as metabolism.

A special duty of the present invention is exactly prevent and to control the disease that the infection by Dactylaria gallopava causes by comprising that natamycin sprays in the atmosphere in fowl nest and/or poultry rearing place.

Although given prominence to the special Dactylaria gallopava bacterial strain diseases associated of control and prevention and invasion and attack poultry especially, other bird (for example duck, turkey, pheasant etc.) also can effectively be treated according to the present invention.In addition, the present invention can also be used to controlling and the disease of preventing to be caused by other moulds relevant with Dactylaria gallopava.

The present invention a kind ofly is used for prevention and control and Dactylaria gallopava(hereinafter referred to as Dactylaria) method of diseases associated.The poultry disease that is called as the toe acropathy that causes owing to infection Dactylaria can be prevented by the natamycin that makes poultry (for example respiratory tract) and/or their environment contact effective dose and be controlled.

In one aspect of the invention, the toe acropathy that causes owing to the infection of Dactylaria can be by making the fowl nest contact with natamycin to be controlled and preventing.

In another aspect of this invention, the natamycin of the respiratory system contact effective dose that the toe acropathy that causes owing to the infection of Dactylaria can be by making poultry is prevented and is controlled.

In addition, carry out early time treatment with natamycin and can prevent mycotic infection.Therefore, need handle the chicken or the young fowl of fowl nest and/or new hatching, for example hatch within three weeks subsequent being handled termly in life these poultry with natamycin.

Method of the present invention relates to some and a kind of Dactylaria of being called as gallopava(widely hereinafter referred to as " Dactylaria ") the prevention and the control of tedious mould diseases associated.This tedious mould can infect or invade the health of poultry, causes a kind of disease that is called as the toe acropathy, and this disease is a contagiousness, and generally is the disease that causes.The present invention reaches prevention and controls these and the Dactylaria diseases associated by growing of control (if indelible words) this tedious mould.

This tedious mould generally be grown within the employed fowl nest of poultry or on.Conversely, because the most close fowl nest of poultry, Dactylaria just may make the poultry respiratory system be infected.For example, the Dactylaria among the fowl nest can produce spore, and they are airborne, are sent near the poultry.Perhaps, spore is sucked by poultry, and the respiratory system of poultry is infected, and causes the toe acropathy.

Method of the present invention is to realize by fowl nest and/or poultry are contacted with the natamycin of effective dose.The scope of the effective dose of natamycin generally be from about 1.0ppm to about 70ppm, normally approximately 5-30ppm(in the atmosphere of processed environment).Yet, for the effective actual dose of anti-Dactylaria with regard to the concrete environment that contains this tedious mould and decide.According to the present invention, this will refer to the infection site of fowl nest, poultry environment, or the like, unfortunately these positions may be subjected to the influence of Dactylaria.If environment is suitable to the metabolic activity of this mould, may need the natamycin of sizable dosage could effectively suppress this mould (for example natamycin of 20-30ppm).Promote fungus growth warm has a pH neutral, contains oxygen, includes the environment of a kind of matrix (for example a kind of metabolizable food source) etc.Such environment will need the natamycin of sizable dosage could suppress this tedious mould effectively.Prevent the dosage of the dosage of the growth of this tedious mould and the possible necessary natamycin of infection less than the necessary natamycin of the existing mycotic infection of treatment.Therefore, environment being handled according to the present invention at the initial stage that chicken or young fowl grow is favourable (for example the processing immediately after hatching to prevent the infection of this tedious mould.）

In addition, implement the present invention although preferably adopt natamycin, effectively the derivative of acceptable natamycin (for example calcium salt of natamycin, sodium salt and ester class) also can be individually on pharmacology yet infect Dactylaria for control and prevention poultry, or combine with natamycin and to be used for the present invention.The form of natamycin the best is a crystal, however any all be acceptable for the natamycin that suppresses the effective form of Dactylaria implementing when of the present invention.Moreover, be used for natamycin of the present invention and can have (for example monohydrate, dihydrate and trihydrate) with the form of monohydrate or polyhydrate.Trihydrate is because its stability should use is favourable.In some cases, may need by natamycin being smashed to pieces or porphyrize improves the effectiveness of natamycin in the mode of the surface area that increases it.

In one embodiment of the invention, the used fowl nest (Litter) of poultry can be handled with natamycin.The fowl nest that is fit to comprises at least with one of next group material: earth, hardwood bar, wood shavings etc.Natamycin (for example, with crystal state) can directly be applied in the fowl nest in any suitable manner.For example natamycin can form suspension in atoxic liquid-carrier, be sprayed on the fowl nest, should use non-toxic carrier liquid so that natamycin is sprayed on the fowl nest, so carrier liquid generally should be a dissolving natamycin not, yet the derivative of some acceptable natamycin on pharmacology may be dissolved in this non-toxic carrier liquid.The non-toxic carrier liquid that is suitable for comprises at least with one of next group material: alcohols, and methyl alcohol for example, water, or the like.When the natamycin that uses effective dose was handled the fowl nest, the growth of Dactylaria (for example gemma formation) had just reduced (if not eliminating), and this helps to prevent the infection of Dactylaria to the poultry respiratory system.For example, when between two groups of poultry of the fowl nest that is polluted by Dactylaria, comparing, one group is the fowl nest of handling with natamycin, and second group is untreated fowl nest, expects will to have in second group (untreated fowl nest) 15% poultry to infect the toe acropathy in 14 days.

In addition, according to the concentration of Dactylaria in the fowl nest, perhaps need handle the fowl nest with natamycin before putting poultry in a suitable place to breed and in the use.And then, perhaps, continuously the fowl nest being handled with natamycin after removing contaminated fowl nest in some cases is useful (for example, near any fowl nest of being cleared up of poultry that leaves in all may discharge the infection in respiratory system Dactylaria spore that can make poultry).

In another embodiment of the present invention, the respiratory system of poultry can contact with natamycin so that prevent and/or control the infection of Dactylaria.When natamycin is applied to the respiratory system of poultry effectively, can prevent the infection of Dactylaria, and if the indelible words of the infection that has existed also can be controlled.The use of natamycin can be adopted any mode that the natamycin of effective dose can be introduced the respiratory system of poultry.Natamycin is applied to one of poultry easily and effective and efficient manner, comprise and send floating over airborne natamycin suspension (for example a kind of aerosol, a kind of smog and a kind of fog etc.) into limited zone or room (for example one so-called " spray chamber "), and poultry to pass through this zone or room.Poultry can be used adoptable equipment arbitrarily, and for example conveyer belt is carried, passed through to that limited zone, leaves then.Poultry is suspended in airborne natamycin being in that limited suction when regional, and this natamycin directly acts on their respiratory system.Poultry should stay for some time in that limited zone that contains natamycin, and length during this period of time will enough make poultry suck the natamycin of q.s so that effectively prevent and/or control the infection of Dactylaria.

This natamycin suspension (for example a kind of aerosol, a kind of smog, a kind of fog etc.) can be produced by the mixture that at first forms a kind of natamycin in suitable carriers liquid.This carrier liquid must be nontoxic, and generally do not dissolve the trip mould.A kind of suitable fluid comprises at least with next group one of material: alcohol, methyl alcohol for example, water etc.

Natamycin suspension discussed above can be converted into a kind of aerosol, a kind of smog, and a kind of fog or the like, this will utilize any technology that can produce the natamycin of the form that poultry can suck.For example the water of natamycin becomes suspension to pump by a nozzle, this nozzle and funny that limited regional connectivity that leaves poultry, and the speed that is adopted will enough be sent into this fluid that limited zone can suck form to produce natamycin.Usually, have quite fine grain natamycin suspension and strengthened the infiltration of natamycin in the poultry respiratory system, this has just improved the efficient of the anti-Dactylaria of natamycin.For example, two groups of contacted with Dactylaria more poultry, one group of poultry is by handling with the natamycin that can suck form is contacted, and second group of poultry do not handled, and expects that about 20% untreated poultry will infect the toe acropathy within about 25 days.

In addition, in some cases, may need whole poultry rearing environment is handled (for example reducing any activity that floats over airborne mycotic spore).For example, natamycin can feed in the ventilation equipment and (for example be placed with the heating/cooling system of the building of poultry), and the mode that is adopted is wanted and can heavily be steamed the poultry rearing environment effectively, stretches so that can prevent serious Dactylaria.

The ability that Dactylaria in natamycin prevention and the treatment poultry infects partly is because the anatomy of poultry uniqueness and the characteristic of metabolism aspect.For example, the anatomy characteristic of chicken is such, make to suck the Dactylaria infection (for example sucking the dactylariosis that natamycin can be treated some part etc. of respiratory system, crop, digestive system) that natamycin just can effectively prevent and control each pith of poultry health.

It is believed that it is activated and effective that natamycin grows for antifungi, and all be invalid, and do not wish to be subjected to the constraint of any theory and opinion antibacterium.A kind of opinion may think that mould (rather than bacterium) contains ergosterol at their film.

Usually, if environment is suitable, mould will grow, up to till natamycin contacts.The theoretical mechanism of natamycin effect is that ergosterol in natamycin molecule and the fungal cell film is coupled together, and by the neutralization of ergosterol to the antifungi activity of natamycin inhibition Dactylaria gallopava, confirms with ergosterol compound.Compound it is believed that between natamycin and the fungal cell film changed permeability of the membrane, because natamycin is sizable molecule, this molecule has produced a surface pressing that has increased, this pressure helps to reduce the reorientation of the ergosterol that exists in film, thereby the permeance property of the cell that changes, and cause osmotic shock.This osmotic shock is enough to hinder the metabolic activity (for example natamycin can cause abnormal fungus growth, sporulation etc.) of (if not the words that stop) Dactylaria.

Aspect some, it may be favourable that natamycin is used with additive method and/or material of the present invention.For example, natamycin suspension can be sent into a kind of vaccine and be sprayed the chamber, so that the treatment a group is just dyed the poultry of disease.

The natamycin that has been sprinkled into the fowl nest and/or has formed suspension generally has an acceptable half life period.According to storage requirement, can expect that natamycin can suppress this tedious mould effectively in a few weeks or months.Yet in order to guarantee the efficient of natamycin maximum, any fowl nest that does not have the natamycin suspension of use or handled all should be protected and not be subjected to illumination (being that natamycin suspension should be stored in dark place before entering the spraying chamber).

Any (for example sucking) natamycin that is consumed by poultry generally can not kept by poultry.As a result, natamycin can not participate in the meat and egg of poultry usually.Therefore, can not influence the people to the egg of any processing and the consumption of fowl.In contrast, can participate in this mould and/or its toxin in egg and the meat with the contacted poultry of the sort of tedious mould.Such mould and/or toxin may be harmful to the people of edible this egg and poultry, need accomplish to prevent and control poultry and with the sort of tedious mould any tangible contact arranged.Therefore, the present invention helps to improve the output of the birds, beasts and eggs that are not subjected to mould and antifungi reagent contamination.

Although detailed introduction has been done in aspects more of the present invention and embodiment, but the those skilled in the art in this field can be easy to recognize, remove outside those contents that exemplified, the present invention also includes many combining forms, equivalents and version.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of method of controlling disease in some poultry that cause by Dactylaria gallopava, comprise: handle a kind of among the respiratory system of poultry nest and poultry at least, the measure of being taked is that it is contacted with the natamycin of many quantity like that is enough to suppress Dactylaria gallopava growth.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described processing comprises that the respiratory system that makes poultry contacts with the airborne suspension of natamycin.

3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that also further comprising with the stifling poultry rearing place of the suspension of natamycin.

4, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that described suspension comprises a kind of aqueous solution aerosol of natamycin.

5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described processing comprises natamycin is sprayed on the fowl nest.

6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that spraying the fowl nest that is besmirched with natamycin.

7, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the natamycin of described sufficient amount is meant by about 1.0ppm to about 70ppm.

8, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described poultry comprises chicken.

9, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described poultry comprises turkey.

10, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also further comprising handle the mycotic infection that comprises Dactylaria gallopava poultry.