CN107104446B - A method and system for automatic voltage control of power grid aiming at global optimization - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以全局最优为目标的电网自动电压控制方法及系统，方法步骤包括按计算周期获取电网实时的状态估计结果，若状态估计结果收敛且遥测合格率大于等于门槛值，则按全局优化方法计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值，否则若母线电压超标，则将各离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为上一个计算周期的值，计算得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；若母线电压不超标，将各无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为上一个计算周期的值；最终将状态期望值下发执行；系统包括与前述方法步骤对应的各个单元。本发明不需电网分区，在满足电网各母线电压需求的同时以全局无功潮流最优为控制目标，能进一步降低网损，实现电网全局最优经济运行。
The invention discloses an automatic voltage control method and system for a power grid aiming at global optimization. The method steps include obtaining the real-time state estimation results of the power grid according to the calculation cycle. If the state estimation results converge and the telemetry pass rate is greater than or equal to the threshold value, then Calculate the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source according to the global optimization method, otherwise, if the bus voltage exceeds the standard, assign the state expectation value of each discrete adjustable reactive voltage source to the value of the previous calculation cycle, and calculate each continuously adjustable The expected value of the state of the reactive voltage source; if the bus voltage does not exceed the standard, assign the expected value of the state of each reactive voltage source to the value of the previous calculation cycle; finally, the expected value of the state is issued and executed; the system includes each corresponding to the aforementioned method steps unit. The invention does not require grid partitions, and takes global reactive power flow optimization as the control target while meeting the voltage requirements of each bus bar of the grid, can further reduce network loss, and realize global optimal economic operation of the grid.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力系统的电网自动电压控制技术，具体涉及一种以全局最优为目标的电网自动电压控制方法及系统。The invention relates to an automatic voltage control technology of a power grid in a power system, in particular to an automatic voltage control method and system for a power grid aiming at global optimization.
背景技术Background technique
自动电压控制(Automatic Voltage Control，AVC)是现代电网电压、无功控制的主要系统，通过对并网机组、电网动态无功补偿设备、并联电容\电抗器、变压器等无功电压源的自动统一调控，提高电网电压质量、降低网损，保证电网安全经济优质运行。Automatic voltage control (Automatic Voltage Control, AVC) is the main system of modern power grid voltage and reactive power control. Control, improve the voltage quality of the power grid, reduce network loss, and ensure the safe, economical and high-quality operation of the power grid.
现有AVC系统主要有两种模式：一种为三级控制模式，即整个控制系统分为三个层次：三级、二级电压控制为各级电网调控中心主站集中控制，控制时间常数一般是分钟级；三级电压控制根据状态估计结果，按全网最优经济为目标，计算得到各区域中枢母线电压期望值；二级电压控制将电网分为若干区域，根据SCADA实时采样数据，按中枢母线电压实时值与期望值偏离最小为目标，计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值；一级电压控制为无功电压源就地控制，控制无功或母线电压跟踪期望值。一种为类九区图控制模式，即将电网分为若干区域后，根据区域中枢母线电压和无功的缺、盈，控制电容\电抗器投退或变压器分接头位置调整、发电机组增加或减少无功输出。The existing AVC system mainly has two modes: one is the three-level control mode, that is, the entire control system is divided into three levels: the third-level and the second-level voltage control are centralized control by the main station of the power grid regulation center at all levels, and the control time constant is generally It is at the minute level; the third-level voltage control calculates the expected value of the central busbar voltage in each area based on the state estimation results and the optimal economy of the entire network; the second-level voltage control divides the power grid The minimum deviation between the real-time value of the bus voltage and the expected value is the goal, and the expected value of the state of each reactive voltage source is calculated; the primary voltage control is local control of the reactive voltage source, and the reactive power or bus voltage is controlled to track the expected value. One is a control mode similar to the nine-area map, that is, after the power grid is divided into several areas, according to the regional central bus voltage and reactive power shortage and surplus, control capacitors/reactors switching or transformer tap position adjustment, generators increase or decrease Reactive output.
现有的两种模式优势在于对SCADA实时采样数据和状态估计结果依赖性较低，鲁棒性较好。但这两种模式都存在一个问题：即无法做到全局最优值。三级控制模式中三级电压控制中得到结果虽为全局最优值，但经过二级电压控制协调后，所得到的结果仅为具有与全局最优值相同得区域中枢母线电压的可行值，与真实的全局最优值相去甚远；类九区图控制模式中计算得到与上一时刻状态最接近的可行值，也不是全局最优值。此外，两种模式均需要对同一个调度范围内的电网进行人为分区，目前电网连接日益紧密，将电网分为相互影响很小的若干区域越来越困难，若分区不恰当，则可能造成控制的失衡。The advantages of the two existing modes are that they are less dependent on SCADA real-time sampling data and state estimation results, and have better robustness. However, there is a problem in both modes: that is, the global optimal value cannot be achieved. Although the result obtained in the three-level voltage control in the three-level control mode is the global optimal value, after the coordination of the second-level voltage control, the obtained result is only a feasible value of the regional central bus voltage with the same global optimal value. It is far from the real global optimal value; the feasible value calculated in the nine-zone diagram-like control mode is the closest to the state at the previous moment, and it is not the global optimal value. In addition, both modes require artificial partitioning of the power grid within the same dispatching range. At present, the power grid is increasingly connected, and it is becoming more and more difficult to divide the power grid into several areas with little mutual influence. If the partition is not appropriate, it may cause control imbalance.
随着电网无功、电压调控手段的丰富，SCADA实时采样数据准确性、及时性和完整性的提高，状态估计遥测合格率长期保持在99％以上，计算数据大幅度提高，以电网全局最优值为控制目标成为可能。因此，需要一种不需分区、以全局最优为控制目标的电网自动电压控制策略以及对应的实现系统。现有涉及电网自动电压控制的方法不少，但没有以全局最优为目标的控制策略、方法或系统。如申请号为20121042477.6的中国专利文献公开了一种多级自动电压无功控制系统AVC协调控制方法，采用三级控制模式开展多级电网协调，需要对电网进行分层分区处理，且所得控制结果仅为可行值，非全局最优值；如申请号为201410383572.2的中国专利文献公开了一种无功优化控制方法及系统，将电网分层分区后，按实行九区图控制，其控制目标也不是全局最优。With the enrichment of reactive power and voltage control means of the power grid, the accuracy, timeliness and integrity of SCADA real-time sampling data have been improved, the pass rate of state estimation telemetry has remained above 99% for a long time, and the calculation data has been greatly improved. The value becomes possible for the control target. Therefore, there is a need for an automatic voltage control strategy for a power grid that does not require partitioning and takes the global optimum as the control goal, and a corresponding implementation system. There are many methods related to the automatic voltage control of the power grid, but there is no control strategy, method or system aiming at the global optimum. For example, the Chinese patent document with the application number 20121042477.6 discloses a multi-level automatic voltage and reactive power control system AVC coordination control method. The three-level control mode is used to carry out multi-level power grid coordination, which requires hierarchical and partition processing of the power grid, and the obtained control results It is only a feasible value, not a global optimal value; for example, the Chinese patent document with the application number 201410383572.2 discloses a reactive power optimization control method and system. Not the global optimum.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题：针对现有技术的上述问题，提供一种不需要进行电网分区，在满足电网各母线电压需求的同时以全局无功潮流最优为控制目标，能够进一步降低网损，实现电网全局最优经济运行的以全局最优为目标的电网自动电压控制方法及系统。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention: Aiming at the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, it provides a system that does not require grid partitioning, and can further reduce network loss by taking global reactive power flow optimization as the control target while meeting the voltage requirements of each busbar in the grid. , an automatic voltage control method and system for a power grid aiming at the global optimum to realize the global optimal economic operation of the power grid.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一方面，本发明提供一种以全局最优为目标的电网自动电压控制方法，实施步骤包括：On the one hand, the present invention provides an automatic voltage control method for a power grid aiming at global optimization, and the implementation steps include:
1)按计算周期获取电网实时状态数据和状态估计结果；1) Acquire the real-time state data and state estimation results of the power grid according to the calculation cycle;
2)若状态估计结果收敛且遥测合格率大于等于门槛值，则跳转执行步骤3)，否则，跳转执行步骤4)；2) If the state estimation result converges and the telemetry pass rate is greater than or equal to the threshold value, then skip to step 3), otherwise, skip to step 4);
3)根据状态估计结果，对所调度范围内的电网按全局优化方法计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值，所述各无功电压源的状态期望值包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压、电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置；跳转执行步骤7)；3) According to the state estimation results, calculate the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source according to the global optimization method for the power grid within the dispatching range, and the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source includes the reactive power of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source Output and grid-connected voltage, capacitor and reactor switching or withdrawing status, transformer tap position; skip to step 7);
4)检查各母线电压是否超标，若母线电压超标，则执行步骤5)；否则执行步骤6)；4) Check whether the bus voltage exceeds the standard, if the bus voltage exceeds the standard, then perform step 5); otherwise, perform step 6);
5)将各离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为上一个计算周期的状态期望值，按上一个计算周期的母线电压期望值作为本计算周期的母线电压期望值，根据实时数据，按协调二级电压控制方法计算得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；所述离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值包括电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置，且不包括连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；所述连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压，且不包括离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值；所述连续可调无功电压源包括电网动态无功补偿设备、并网新能源发电厂、并网常规水电机组、火电机组四种无功出力连续可调装置设备；跳转执行步骤7)；5) Assign the state expectation value of each discrete adjustable reactive voltage source to the state expectation value of the previous calculation period, and use the bus voltage expectation value of the previous calculation period as the bus voltage expectation value of this calculation period. According to the real-time data, according to the coordination two The state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source is calculated by the step voltage control method; the state expectation value of the discrete adjustable reactive voltage source includes the capacitor and The state expectation value of the adjustable reactive voltage source; the state expected value of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source includes the reactive power output and grid-connected voltage of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, and does not include the state of the discrete adjustable reactive voltage source Expected value; the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source includes dynamic reactive power compensation equipment for the power grid, grid-connected new energy power plants, grid-connected conventional hydropower units, and thermal power units; four types of continuously adjustable reactive power output devices; skip to step 7 );
6)将各无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为上一个计算周期的状态期望值，继续执行步骤7)；6) Assign the expected state value of each reactive voltage source to the expected state value of the previous calculation cycle, and continue to perform step 7);
7)将本计算周期的状态期望值以遥调或遥控指令下发给各无功电压源类型执行。7) The state expectation value of this calculation cycle is sent to each reactive voltage source type for execution by remote adjustment or remote control command.
优选地，步骤3)中对所调度范围内的电网按全局优化方法计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值的详细步骤包括：以全局网损最小为目标函数，以电网功率平衡、电压上下限、有功/无功出力上下限为边界条件，以无功电压源状态期望值为控制变量，按预设的在线优化算法开展电网最优潮流计算，得到各无功电压源的状态期望值。Preferably, in step 3), the detailed steps of calculating the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source according to the global optimization method for the power grid within the dispatched range include: taking the global network loss minimum as the objective function, taking the power balance of the power grid, the upper and lower limits of the voltage , The upper and lower limits of active/reactive power output are used as the boundary conditions, and the state expectation value of the reactive voltage source is used as the control variable, and the optimal power flow calculation of the power grid is carried out according to the preset online optimization algorithm, and the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source is obtained.
优选地，所述预设的在线优化算法的数学模型如式(1)和(2)所示；Preferably, the mathematical model of the preset online optimization algorithm is shown in formulas (1) and (2);
min f(x)(1)min f(x)(1)
式(1)和(2)中，x为作为控制变量的各无功电压源的状态期望值，包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压、电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置，f(x)为目标函数，采用全局网损最小；g(x)为等式边界条件，采用电网有功/无功功率平衡；h(x)为不等式边界条件，hmin为母线电压下限、无功出力下限、hmax为母线电压上限、无功出力上限。In formulas (1) and (2), x is the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source as a control variable, including the reactive output and grid-connected voltage of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, and the switching or withdrawing state of capacitors and reactors , Transformer tap position, f(x) is the objective function, using the minimum global network loss; g(x) is the equation boundary condition, using the grid active/reactive power balance; h(x) is the inequality boundary condition, h min is the lower limit of the bus voltage and the lower limit of the reactive power output, and h max is the upper limit of the bus voltage and the upper limit of the reactive power output.
优选地，所述预设的在线优化算法采用原对偶内点法或牛顿拉夫逊方法。Preferably, the preset online optimization algorithm adopts the primal dual interior point method or the Newton-Raphson method.
优选地，步骤5)中按协调二级电压控制方法计算得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值的详细步骤包括：以母线电压实时值与期望值偏差量最小为控制目标，以各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值本计算周期内可达到的上下限为边界条件，按各类型母线电压对各连续可调无功电压源的无功的灵敏度，开展预设的母线电压优化控制方法，得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；所述各类型母线电压包括中枢母线电压、关键母线电压、控制母线电压。Preferably, in step 5), the detailed steps of calculating the state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source according to the coordinated secondary voltage control method include: taking the minimum deviation between the real-time value of the bus voltage and the expected value as the control target, and using each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source Adjusting the state expectation value of reactive voltage source The upper and lower limits that can be achieved in this calculation cycle are the boundary conditions, and according to the sensitivity of each type of bus voltage to the reactive power of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, a preset bus voltage optimization control method is carried out , to obtain the state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source; the various types of bus voltages include central bus voltage, key bus voltage, and control bus voltage.
优选地，开展预设的母线电压优化控制方法的数学模型如式(3)和(4)所示；Preferably, the mathematical model for carrying out the preset bus voltage optimal control method is shown in formulas (3) and (4);
式(3)和(4)中，Vp和Vp ref分别为中枢母线实时电压和目标电压，Cpg为中枢母线电压对各连续可调无功电压源的无功的灵敏度系数矩阵，ΔQg为连续可调无功电压源无功调整期望值，r和h为权重系数，θ为无功协调向量；Qg、Qg max、Qg min分别为连续可调无功电压源当前无功出力、无功上限和下限，Vc、Vc max、Vc min分别为关键母线当前电压、电压上限和下限，Ccg为关键母线电压对各连续可调无功电压源的无功的灵敏度系数矩阵，Cvg为控制母线电压对各连续可调无功电压源的无功的灵敏度系数矩阵，ΔVH max为每次控制母线电压最大调节量。In formulas (3) and (4), Vp and Vpref are the real-time voltage and target voltage of the central bus , respectively, C pg is the sensitivity coefficient matrix of the central bus voltage to the reactive power of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, ΔQ g is the expected reactive power adjustment value of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, r and h are the weight coefficients, θ is the reactive power coordination vector; Q g , Q g max , and Q g min are the current reactive power of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source Output, reactive power upper limit and lower limit, V c , V c max , V c min are the current voltage, upper voltage limit and lower limit of the key bus, respectively, and C cg is the sensitivity of the key bus voltage to the reactive power of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source The coefficient matrix, C vg is the sensitivity coefficient matrix of the control bus voltage to the reactive power of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, and ΔV H max is the maximum adjustment amount of each control bus voltage.
优选地，步骤1)中的计算周期为分钟级，取值范围为1～60分钟；步骤2)中的门槛值为99％。Preferably, the calculation period in step 1) is at the minute level, and the value ranges from 1 to 60 minutes; the threshold value in step 2) is 99%.
另一方面，本发明还提供一种以全局最优为目标的电网自动电压控制系统，包括：On the other hand, the present invention also provides an automatic voltage control system for a power grid aiming at global optimization, including:
数据采集单元，用于按计算周期获取电网实时状态数据和状态估计结果；The data acquisition unit is used to obtain the real-time state data and state estimation results of the power grid according to the calculation cycle;
中央控制单元，用于进行状态期望值计算，若状态估计结果收敛且遥测合格率大于等于门槛值，则根据状态估计结果，对所调度范围内的电网按全局优化方法计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值，所述各无功电压源的状态期望值包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压、电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置；否则，检查各母线电压是否超标，若母线电压超标，则将各离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为等于上一个计算周期的状态期望值，按上一个计算周期的母线电压期望值作为本计算周期的母线电压期望值，根据实时数据，按协调二级电压控制方法计算得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；所述离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值包括电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置，且不包括连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；所述连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压，且不包括离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值；所述连续可调无功电压源包括电网动态无功补偿设备、并网新能源发电厂、并网常规水电机组、火电机组四种无功出力连续可调装置设备；否则若母线电压不超标，则将各无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为等于上一个计算周期的状态期望值；The central control unit is used to calculate the state expectation value. If the state estimation result converges and the telemetry pass rate is greater than or equal to the threshold value, then according to the state estimation result, the power grid within the dispatching range is calculated according to the global optimization method to obtain the reactive power and voltage source. The state expectation value, the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source includes the reactive power output and grid-connected voltage of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, the switching or withdrawing state of the capacitor and the reactor, and the position of the transformer tap; otherwise, check the voltage of each busbar Whether it exceeds the standard, if the bus voltage exceeds the standard, the state expectation value of each discrete adjustable reactive voltage source is assigned to be equal to the state expectation value of the previous calculation cycle, and the bus voltage expectation value of the previous calculation cycle is used as the bus voltage expectation value of this calculation cycle , according to the real-time data, the state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source is calculated according to the coordinated secondary voltage control method; the state expectation value of the discrete adjustable reactive voltage source includes the capacitor and reactor switching state joint position, and does not include the expected state value of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source; the state expected value of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source includes the reactive output and grid-connected voltage of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, and does not include the discrete The state expectation value of the adjustable reactive voltage source; the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source includes dynamic reactive power compensation equipment for the power grid, grid-connected new energy power plants, grid-connected conventional hydropower units, and thermal power units. equipment; otherwise, if the bus voltage does not exceed the standard, the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source is assigned to be equal to the state expectation value of the previous calculation cycle;
就地控制执行单元，用于将本计算周期的状态期望值以遥调或遥控指令下发给各无功电压源类型执行。The local control execution unit is used to send the state expectation value of this calculation cycle to each reactive voltage source type for execution by means of remote adjustment or remote control instructions.
优选地，所述数据采集单元具体为SCADA主站系统。Preferably, the data acquisition unit is specifically a SCADA master station system.
优选地，所述中央控制单元部署在调度控制中心作为自动电压控制AVC三级控制系统中的三级和二级电压控制层，对于连续可调无功电压源，中央控制单元将状态期望值作为遥调指令下发；对于离散可调无功电压源，中央控制单元将状态期望值作为遥控指令下发；所述就地控制执行单元部署在各无功电压源，作为自动电压控制AVC三级控制系统中的一级控制层，在满足安全边界条件的前提下，执行中央控制单元下发的遥调或遥控指令。Preferably, the central control unit is deployed in the dispatch control center as the third-level and second-level voltage control layers in the automatic voltage control AVC three-level control system. For the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, the central control unit uses the state expectation value as the remote Issue adjustment instructions; for discrete adjustable reactive voltage sources, the central control unit issues the state expectation value as a remote control instruction; the local control execution unit is deployed on each reactive voltage source as an automatic voltage control AVC three-level control system The first-level control layer in the system, under the premise of meeting the safety boundary conditions, executes the remote adjustment or remote control instructions issued by the central control unit.
本发明以全局最优为目标的电网自动电压控制方法具有下述优点：本发明首先按计算周期获取电网实时状态数据和状态估计结果，若状态估计结果收敛且遥测合格率大于等于门槛值，则根据状态估计结果，对所调度范围内的电网按全局优化方法计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值，否则，检查各母线电压是否超标，若母线电压超标，则将各离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为上一个计算周期的状态期望值，按上一个计算周期的母线电压期望值作为本计算周期的母线电压期望值，根据实时数据，按协调二级电压控制方法计算得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；若母线电压不超标，则将各无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为上一个计算周期的状态期望值；最终，将本计算周期的状态期望值以遥调或遥控指令下发给各无功电压源类型执行，本发明不需对同一个调度范围内的电网分区，在实时数据质量(准确性、及时性、完整性)满足要求，即状态估计结果收敛且遥测合格率大于门槛值，以全局无功潮流最优为控制目标进行全局优化控制；在实时数据质量不满足要求时，采用协调二级电压控制方法仅有限度地调整连续无功电压源的无功出力，在实时数据质量满足要求时可进一步降低网损，实现电网全局最优经济运行；在实时数据质量不满足要求时，既最大程度保证了控制安全性，又有效地避免了电容\电抗器的频繁投且和变电器分接头频繁调整。The automatic voltage control method of the power grid with the goal of global optimization in the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention first obtains the real-time state data and state estimation results of the power grid according to the calculation cycle, if the state estimation results converge and the telemetry pass rate is greater than or equal to the threshold value, then According to the result of state estimation, calculate the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source according to the global optimization method for the power grid within the scope of dispatching. Otherwise, check whether the voltage of each busbar exceeds the standard. The state expectation value of the source is assigned as the state expectation value of the previous calculation period, and the bus voltage expectation value of the previous calculation period is used as the bus voltage expectation value of this calculation period. According to the real-time data, each continuously adjustable The expected value of the state of the reactive voltage source; if the bus voltage does not exceed the standard, the expected state value of each reactive voltage source is assigned as the expected state value of the previous calculation cycle; finally, the expected state value of this calculation cycle is set by remote adjustment or remote control command Issued to each type of reactive power and voltage source for execution, the invention does not need to partition the power grid within the same dispatching range, and the real-time data quality (accuracy, timeliness, integrity) meets the requirements, that is, the state estimation results converge and the telemetry is qualified If the rate is greater than the threshold value, the global optimization control is carried out with the global reactive power flow optimization as the control target; when the real-time data quality does not meet the requirements, the coordinated secondary voltage control method is used to only adjust the reactive power output of the continuous reactive power voltage source to a limited extent , when the quality of real-time data meets the requirements, the network loss can be further reduced, and the global optimal economic operation of the power grid can be realized; when the quality of real-time data does not meet the requirements, it not only ensures the control security to the greatest extent, but also effectively avoids the failure of capacitors and reactors. Frequent switching and frequent adjustment of transformer taps.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例方法的基本流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the basic process of the method of the embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例系统的基本框架结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic frame structure of the system of the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，本实施例以全局最优为目标的电网自动电压控制方法的实施步骤包括：As shown in FIG. 1 , the implementation steps of the grid automatic voltage control method aiming at global optimization in this embodiment include:
1)按计算周期获取电网实时状态数据和状态估计结果；1) Acquire the real-time state data and state estimation results of the power grid according to the calculation cycle;
2)若状态估计结果收敛且遥测合格率大于等于门槛值，则跳转执行步骤3)，否则，跳转执行步骤4)；2) If the state estimation result converges and the telemetry pass rate is greater than or equal to the threshold value, then skip to step 3), otherwise, skip to step 4);
3)根据状态估计结果，对所调度范围内的电网按全局优化方法计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值，各无功电压源的状态期望值包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压、电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置；跳转执行步骤7)；3) According to the state estimation results, the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source is calculated according to the global optimization method for the power grid within the dispatching range, and the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source includes the reactive output and output of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source Grid-connected voltage, capacitor and reactor switching or switching status, transformer tap position; skip to step 7);
4)检查各母线电压是否超标，若母线电压超标，则执行步骤5)；否则执行步骤6)；4) Check whether the bus voltage exceeds the standard, if the bus voltage exceeds the standard, then perform step 5); otherwise, perform step 6);
5)将各离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为上一个计算周期的状态期望值，按上一个计算周期的母线电压期望值作为本计算周期的母线电压期望值，根据实时数据，按协调二级电压控制方法计算得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值包括电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置，且不包括连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压，且不包括离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值；连续可调无功电压源包括电网动态无功补偿设备、并网新能源发电厂、并网常规水电机组、火电机组四种无功出力连续可调装置设备；跳转执行步骤7)；5) Assign the state expectation value of each discrete adjustable reactive voltage source to the state expectation value of the previous calculation period, and use the bus voltage expectation value of the previous calculation period as the bus voltage expectation value of this calculation period. According to the real-time data, according to the coordination two The state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source is calculated by the step voltage control method; the state expectation value of the discrete adjustable reactive voltage source includes the switching or withdrawing state of capacitors and reactors, the position of transformer taps, and does not include continuously adjustable reactive voltage sources. State expected value of power and voltage sources; State expected value of continuously adjustable reactive voltage source includes reactive power output and grid-connected voltage of continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, and does not include state expected value of discrete adjustable reactive voltage source; continuously adjustable Adjusting reactive power and voltage sources include grid dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, grid-connected new energy power plants, grid-connected conventional hydropower units, and thermal power units, four kinds of continuously adjustable reactive power output devices; skip to step 7);
6)将各无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为上一个计算周期的状态期望值，继续执行步骤7)；6) Assign the expected state value of each reactive voltage source to the expected state value of the previous calculation cycle, and continue to perform step 7);
7)将本计算周期的状态期望值以遥调或遥控指令下发给各无功电压源类型执行。7) The state expectation value of this calculation cycle is sent to each reactive voltage source type for execution by remote adjustment or remote control command.
本实施例中，步骤3)中对所调度范围内的电网按全局优化方法计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值的详细步骤包括：以全局网损最小为目标函数，以电网功率平衡、电压上下限、有功/无功出力上下限为边界条件，以无功电压源状态期望值为控制变量，按预设的在线优化算法开展电网最优潮流计算，得到各无功电压源的状态期望值。In this embodiment, in step 3), the detailed steps of calculating the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source according to the global optimization method for the power grid within the dispatched range include: taking the minimum global network loss as the objective function, taking the grid power balance, voltage The upper and lower limits, the upper and lower limits of active/reactive power output are the boundary conditions, and the expected value of the state of the reactive voltage source is the control variable, and the optimal power flow calculation of the power grid is carried out according to the preset online optimization algorithm, and the state expected value of each reactive voltage source is obtained.
本实施例中，预设的在线优化算法的数学模型如式(1)和(2)所示；In this embodiment, the mathematical model of the preset online optimization algorithm is shown in formulas (1) and (2);
min f(x) (1)min f(x) (1)
式(1)和(2)中，x为作为控制变量的各无功电压源的状态期望值，包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压、电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置，f(x)为目标函数，采用全局网损最小；g(x)为等式边界条件，采用电网有功/无功功率平衡；h(x)为不等式边界条件，hmin为母线电压下限、无功出力下限、hmax为母线电压上限、无功出力上限。In formulas (1) and (2), x is the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source as a control variable, including the reactive output and grid-connected voltage of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, and the switching or withdrawing state of capacitors and reactors , Transformer tap position, f(x) is the objective function, using the minimum global network loss; g(x) is the equation boundary condition, using the grid active/reactive power balance; h(x) is the inequality boundary condition, h min is the lower limit of the bus voltage and the lower limit of the reactive power output, and h max is the upper limit of the bus voltage and the upper limit of the reactive power output.
本实施例中，预设的在线优化算法采用原对偶内点法或牛顿拉夫逊方法。In this embodiment, the preset online optimization algorithm adopts the primal dual interior point method or the Newton-Raphson method.
本实施例中，步骤5)中按协调二级电压控制方法计算得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值的详细步骤包括：以母线电压实时值与期望值偏差量最小为控制目标，以各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值本计算周期内可达到的上下限为边界条件，按各类型母线电压对各连续可调无功电压源的无功的灵敏度，开展预设的母线电压优化控制方法，得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；各类型母线电压包括中枢母线电压、关键母线电压、控制母线电压。In this embodiment, in step 5), the detailed steps for obtaining the state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source according to the coordinated secondary voltage control method include: taking the minimum deviation between the real-time value of the bus voltage and the expected value as the control target, and using each The state expectation value of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source takes the upper and lower limits achievable in this calculation cycle as the boundary conditions, and carries out the preset bus voltage optimization according to the sensitivity of each type of bus voltage to the reactive power of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source The control method obtains the state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source; various types of bus voltages include central bus voltage, key bus voltage, and control bus voltage.
本实施例中，开展预设的母线电压优化控制方法的数学模型如式(3)和(4)所示；In this embodiment, the mathematical model for carrying out the preset bus voltage optimal control method is shown in formulas (3) and (4);
式(3)和(4)中，Vp和Vp ref分别为中枢母线实时电压和目标电压，Cpg为中枢母线电压对各连续可调无功电压源的无功的灵敏度系数矩阵，ΔQg为连续可调无功电压源无功调整期望值，r和h为权重系数，θ为无功协调向量；Qg、Qg max、Qg min分别为连续可调无功电压源当前无功出力、无功上限和下限，Vc、Vc max、Vc min分别为关键母线当前电压、电压上限和下限，Ccg为关键母线电压对各连续可调无功电压源的无功的灵敏度系数矩阵，Cvg为控制母线电压对各连续可调无功电压源的无功的灵敏度系数矩阵，ΔVH max为每次控制母线电压最大调节量。按各连续可调无功电压源(包括电网动态无功补偿设备、并网新能源发电厂、并网常规水、火电机组等无功出力连续可调的装置设备)与母线电压的灵敏度，通过式(3)和(4)得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值(包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压，不包括离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值)。In formulas (3) and (4), Vp and Vpref are the real-time voltage and target voltage of the central bus , respectively, C pg is the sensitivity coefficient matrix of the central bus voltage to the reactive power of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, ΔQ g is the expected reactive power adjustment value of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, r and h are the weight coefficients, θ is the reactive power coordination vector; Q g , Q g max , and Q g min are the current reactive power of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source Output, reactive power upper limit and lower limit, V c , V c max , V c min are the current voltage, voltage upper limit and lower limit of the key bus, respectively, and C cg is the sensitivity of the key bus voltage to the reactive power of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source The coefficient matrix, C vg is the sensitivity coefficient matrix of the control bus voltage to the reactive power of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, and ΔV H max is the maximum adjustment amount of each control bus voltage. According to the sensitivity of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source (including power grid dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, grid-connected new energy power plants, grid-connected conventional water, thermal power units and other devices with continuously adjustable reactive power output) and bus voltage, through Equations (3) and (4) get the state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source (including the reactive power output and grid-connected voltage of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, excluding the state expected value of the discrete adjustable reactive voltage source ).
本实施例中，步骤1)中的计算周期为分钟级，取值范围为1～60分钟，本实施例中计算周期具体取值为5分钟。步骤2)中的门槛值为99％。In this embodiment, the calculation period in step 1) is at the minute level, and the value ranges from 1 to 60 minutes. In this embodiment, the specific calculation period is 5 minutes. The threshold value in step 2) is 99%.
如图2所示，本实施例以全局最优为目标的电网自动电压控制系统包括：As shown in Fig. 2, the automatic voltage control system of the power grid aiming at global optimization in this embodiment includes:
数据采集单元，用于按计算周期获取电网实时状态数据和状态估计结果；The data acquisition unit is used to obtain the real-time state data and state estimation results of the power grid according to the calculation cycle;
中央控制单元，用于进行状态期望值计算，若状态估计结果收敛且遥测合格率大于等于门槛值，则根据状态估计结果，对所调度范围内的电网按全局优化方法计算得到各无功电压源的状态期望值，各无功电压源的状态期望值包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压、电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置；否则，检查各母线电压是否超标，若母线电压超标，则将各离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为等于上一个计算周期的状态期望值，按上一个计算周期的母线电压期望值作为本计算周期的母线电压期望值，根据实时数据，按协调二级电压控制方法计算得到各连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值包括电容和电抗器投或退状态、变压器分接头位置，且不包括连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值；连续可调无功电压源的状态期望值包括连续可调无功电压源的无功出力和并网电压，且不包括离散可调无功电压源的状态期望值；连续可调无功电压源包括电网动态无功补偿设备、并网新能源发电厂、并网常规水电机组、火电机组四种无功出力连续可调装置设备；否则若母线电压不超标，则将各无功电压源的状态期望值均赋值为等于上一个计算周期的状态期望值；The central control unit is used to calculate the state expectation value. If the state estimation result converges and the telemetry pass rate is greater than or equal to the threshold value, then according to the state estimation result, the power grid within the dispatching range is calculated according to the global optimization method to obtain the reactive power and voltage source. State expectation value, the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source includes the reactive output and grid-connected voltage of the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, the switching or withdrawing state of capacitors and reactors, and the position of transformer taps; otherwise, check whether the voltage of each bus exceeds the standard , if the bus voltage exceeds the standard, the expected state value of each discrete adjustable reactive voltage source is assigned to be equal to the expected state value of the previous calculation cycle, and the expected value of the bus voltage in the previous calculation cycle is used as the expected value of the bus voltage in this calculation cycle, according to Real-time data, calculated according to the coordinated secondary voltage control method to obtain the state expectation value of each continuously adjustable reactive voltage source; the state expectation value of the discrete adjustable reactive voltage source includes the switching or withdrawing state of capacitors and reactors, the position of transformer taps, and The state expectation value of continuously adjustable reactive voltage source is not included; the state expectation value of continuously adjustable reactive voltage source includes reactive power output and grid-connected voltage of continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, and does not include discrete adjustable reactive voltage source The state expectation value; continuously adjustable reactive power and voltage sources include dynamic reactive power compensation equipment for the grid, grid-connected new energy power plants, grid-connected conventional hydropower units, and thermal power units; otherwise, if the bus voltage does not Exceeding the standard, the state expectation value of each reactive voltage source is assigned to be equal to the state expectation value of the previous calculation cycle;
就地控制执行单元，用于将本计算周期的状态期望值以遥调或遥控指令下发给各无功电压源类型执行。The local control execution unit is used to send the state expectation value of this calculation cycle to each reactive voltage source type for execution by means of remote adjustment or remote control instructions.
如图2所示，本实施例中数据采集单元具体为SCADA主站系统。As shown in FIG. 2 , the data acquisition unit in this embodiment is specifically a SCADA master station system.
如图2所示，本实施例中中央控制单元部署在调度控制中心作为自动电压控制AVC三级控制系统中的三级和二级电压控制层，对于连续可调无功电压源，中央控制单元将状态期望值作为遥调指令下发；对于离散可调无功电压源，中央控制单元将状态期望值作为遥控指令下发；就地控制执行单元部署在各无功电压源，作为自动电压控制AVC三级控制系统中的一级控制层，在满足安全边界条件的前提下，执行中央控制单元下发的遥调或遥控指令。As shown in Figure 2, in this embodiment, the central control unit is deployed in the dispatching control center as the third-level and second-level voltage control layers in the automatic voltage control AVC three-level control system. For the continuously adjustable reactive voltage source, the central control unit The expected value of the state is issued as a remote adjustment command; for the discrete adjustable reactive voltage source, the central control unit issues the expected value of the state as a remote command; the local control execution unit is deployed on each reactive voltage source, as an automatic voltage control AVC three The first-level control layer in the first-level control system executes the remote adjustment or remote control instructions issued by the central control unit under the premise of meeting the safety boundary conditions.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above descriptions are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN107834567B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-11-10 | 国家电网公司西北分部 | Reactive voltage coordination control method for extra-high voltage direct current converter station and near-field power plant |
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| CN111490551B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2023-05-05 | 云南电网有限责任公司大理供电局 | Distributed Newton method-based photovoltaic power generation cluster voltage control method for power distribution network |
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