CN107104076A - 一种化学镀制备ULSI‑Cu布线扩散阻挡层NiCoB薄膜的方法 - Google Patents

一种化学镀制备ULSI‑Cu布线扩散阻挡层NiCoB薄膜的方法 Download PDF

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CN107104076A
CN107104076A CN201610827712.XA CN201610827712A CN107104076A CN 107104076 A CN107104076 A CN 107104076A CN 201610827712 A CN201610827712 A CN 201610827712A CN 107104076 A CN107104076 A CN 107104076A
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陈秀华
王月春
马文会
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Yunnan University YNU
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
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    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76841Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • H01L21/76841Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
    • H01L21/76853Barrier, adhesion or liner layers characterized by particular after-treatment steps
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Abstract

本发明涉及化学镀制备超大规模集成电路亚45nm级铜互连扩散阻挡层的制备方法,属于化学镀领域。对于化学镀制备NiCoB扩散阻挡层薄膜的单晶硅基体采用钯原子活化法,用化学镀方法在单晶硅基体上沉积一层40nm厚的NiCoB薄膜作为扩散阻挡层,然后用化学镀方法沉积Cu膜,最后沉积一层NiCoB薄膜。本发明研究了NiCoB薄膜作为扩散阻挡层的阻挡性能,其具有失效温度高,结合力强,电阻率低,具有磁性等优点且本发明的NiCoB镀液稳定性好,镀速高。

Description

一种化学镀制备ULSI-Cu布线扩散阻挡层NiCoB薄膜的方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学镀应用技术领域,特别是化学镀制备超大规模集成电路亚45nm级铜互连线和扩散阻挡层的工艺方法。
背景技术
随着超大规模集成电路的不断发展,RC延迟成为限制器件速度性能的一个重要因素。铜由于其高导电性和电迁移性已被用来代替铝做为集成电路的互连线。但是铜与硅的粘附性较差且铜在二氧化硅中扩散速度极快,并在低至200℃时即可与硅发生反应生成高电阻的铜硅化合物,此外铜不会形成抗腐蚀的氧化层,会使设备的性能恶化。因此需要在铜与硅之间插入扩散阻挡层来阻止铜的扩散以及增强铜的粘附性,同时还需要在铜的表面制备抗氧化层来防止铜的腐蚀。
用于制备扩散阻挡层薄膜的方法主要有物理气相沉积(PVD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、原子层沉积(ALD)、电镀以及化学镀等。化学镀具有操作温度低,镀层覆盖率好,操作简单,成本低等优点,故本发明采用化学镀法制备扩散阻挡层薄膜。
化学镀制备超大规模集成电路铜互连扩散阻挡层的研究较多,国内外对化学镀制备扩散阻挡层的研究多集中在镍系和钴系合金,如:A. Abdel Aal等人研究了不同元素比例的CoWP薄膜的性能,Yishi Tao等人研究了W的加入对NiP阻挡性能的影响,TetsuyaOsaka等人发现W的加入会降低NiB合金的阻挡性能,Dian-long Liu等人研究了 Ni–Mo–P合金的阻挡性能。对于扩散阻挡层薄膜的研究已有很多报道,然而能满足ULSI-Cu布线的理想扩散阻挡层材料仍未找到,寻找性能优异的扩散阻挡层材料仍是业内人士的重要任务。
Ni-B薄膜具有良好的导电性,粘附性,低的孔隙率和优异的电学性能,钴具有高熔点、高热导率,优异的电磁学性能。故本发明采用化学镀方法制备NiCoB薄膜,以期获得具有良好的粘附性能,电学性能,阻挡效果优异的阻挡层薄膜。
发明内容
本发明利用化学镀制备NiCoB薄膜,主要目的是获得电学性能优异,具有良好粘附性能和阻挡性能的NiCoB扩散阻挡层薄膜。
为了实现上述目的,在化学镀之前首先对单晶硅基体进行清洗、粗化、敏化、活化和解胶等预处理。其次用化学镀方法制备NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品。
化学镀制备NiCoB薄膜的工艺参数为:
络合剂:Na3C6H5O7·2H2O:41.174g/L C4O6H4KNa·4H2O:14.1115g/L
主盐:NiSO4·6H2O:28.914g/L CoSO4·7H2O:8.433g/L
还原剂:DMAB:2.3568g/L
加速剂:NH4F:1g/L
pH缓冲剂:CH3COONa·3H2O:15g/L
温度:80℃
pH:11。
化学镀铜的工艺参数为:
主盐:CuSO4·2H2O:20g/L
络合剂:EDTA-2Na:39g/L
还原剂:CHOCOOH·H2O:13.8g/L
加速剂:C6H8O7·H2O:21g/L
稳定剂:2,2’-联吡啶:10mg/L
温度:77.5℃
pH:12.5
搅拌:30r/min。
化学镀制备第一层NiCoB薄膜、第二层Cu薄膜、第三层NiCoB薄膜的沉积时间分别为5min,2min,20s。将NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品氩气气氛中进行500℃~850℃的退火实验。
实验表明,本发明所制备的NiCoB薄膜具有良好的粘附性,电阻率低等优点,其阻挡铜扩散的失效温度高达850℃。
附图说明
图1是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品未退火及不同温度退火后的XRD图。
图2是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品的方块电阻随退火温度的变化曲线。
图3是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品未退火时的AFM三维结构示意图。
图4是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品500℃退火后的AFM三维结构示意图。
图5是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品600℃退火后的AFM三维结构示意图。
图6是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品700℃退火后的AFM三维结构示意图。
图7是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品750℃退火后的AFM三维结构示意图。
图8是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品800℃退火后的AFM三维结构示意图。
图9是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品850℃退火后的AFM三维结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实验结果进行阐述,以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
图1是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品未退火及退火后的XRD图。从图1中可以看出,未退火时的薄膜几乎以非晶状态存在,500℃退火后出现了Ni3Si2,Ni2O3,B4Si,Ni3Si和CoB的衍射峰,600℃退火后Ni2O3,Ni3Si,CoB和在2θ为45°附近的Ni3Si2衍射峰消失,B4Si和2θ为28°附近的Ni3Si2的衍射峰强度增强,700℃退火后出现的NiSi衍射峰在750℃退火后又消失,750℃退火后出现了Ni4B3和NiSi2的衍射峰,原有的Ni3Si2衍射峰消失,800℃退火则只有Ni4B3和B4Si的衍射峰,850℃退火后则出现了Cu4Si衍射峰,表明此时NiCoB薄膜的阻挡性能已经失效,Cu粒子通过扩散阻挡层的晶粒边界到达Si基体并与之反应,生成了高电阻的Cu4Si。Ni2O3衍射峰的出现是因为退火过程中所用的保护气体为99.99%的Ar,在退火过程中部分表面的薄膜样品与微量的氧气发生反应所致。
图2是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品的方块电阻随退火温度的变化曲线。未退火时,NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品的方块电阻为1.935Ω/□,可见NiCoB薄膜具有良好的电学性能。经退火后NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品的方块电阻先减小后增大,500℃~700℃退火后方块电阻在0.8Ω/□左右变化,750℃和800℃退火后方块电阻分别增大到5.854Ω/□和6.724Ω/□,850℃退火后方块电阻急剧增大,表明此时NiCoB薄膜的阻挡性能已经失效,方块电阻的检测结果与XRD结果吻合。
图3是NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/Si样品未退火时的表面形貌图,可以看出制备的多层薄膜较为致密。图4,图5,图6,图7,图8,图9分别为样品在500℃,600℃,700℃,750℃,800℃,850℃退火后的表面形貌图。500℃~750℃ 退火后样品的粗糙度不断增大,这是由于退火后有新的物相生成且晶粒尺寸变化以及再结晶的缘故。800℃ 退火后物相种类变少,颗粒变小样品表面呈现出丘陵状,850℃退火后在丘陵状的颗粒表面生成许多小颗粒,此时阻挡性能已经失效,这些小颗粒即为Cu4Si。
由实验结果可知本发明所制备的NiCoB阻挡层薄膜具有优异的电学性能且在800℃退火后仍然可以阻挡铜向硅扩散。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.化学镀制备NiCoB薄膜作为铜互连的扩散阻挡层,以DMAB为还原剂,二水合柠檬酸三钠和四水合酒石酸钾钠为络合剂,六水硫酸镍和七水硫酸钴为主盐,三水合乙酸钠为pH缓冲剂,氟化铵为加速剂,化学镀制备NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/SiO2/Si 样品并进行退火实验。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:在化学镀制备NiCoB薄膜之前首先对单晶硅基体进行预处理,其方法依次包括如下步骤:
清洗:将裁切好的单晶硅片放在无水乙醇中超生清洗20min;
粗化:将清洗后的单晶硅片在粗化液(4% H2SO4 + 5% H2O2)中超声20min;
敏化:将粗化后的单晶硅片在敏化液(20g/l SnCl2+40ml/l HCl)中静置5min;
活化:将敏化后的单晶硅片放在活化液中超声20min;
解胶:最后将单晶硅片在10% HCl溶液中45℃水浴加热条件下解胶40s。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:化学镀制备NiCoB薄膜的溶液配方为:
络合剂: Na3C6H5O7·2H2O:41.174g/L C4O6H4KNa·4H2O:14.1115g/L
主盐: NiSO4·6H2O:28.914g/L CoSO4·7H2O:8.433g/L
还原剂: DMAB:2.3568g/L
加速剂: NH4F:1g/L
pH缓冲剂:CH3COONa·3H2O:15g/L。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:化学镀制备NiCoB薄膜的实验条件为:
温度:80℃ pH:11.5。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:化学镀制备Cu薄膜的溶液配方为:
主盐: CuSO4·2H2O:20g/L
络合剂:EDTA-2Na:39g/L
还原剂:CHOCOOH·H2O:13.8g/L
加速剂:C6H8O7·H2O:21g/L
稳定剂:2,2’-联吡啶:10mg/L。
6.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:化学镀制备Cu薄膜的实验条件为:
温度:77.5℃ pH:12.5 搅拌:30r/min。
7.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:化学镀制备NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/SiO2/Si 样品的退火条件为氩气。
8.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:化学镀制备NiCoB/Cu/NiCoB/SiO2/Si 样品的退火温度分别为:500℃,600℃,700℃,750℃,800℃,850℃。
9.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:镀液中未加氟化铵时,沉积时间为10min时基体上的镀层肉眼可见不均匀且基体并未完全覆盖,而镀液中加入氟化铵后,沉积时间为5min即可得到40nm后的均匀镀层,本发明采用氟化铵作为加速剂,大大提高了化学镀NiCoB薄膜的沉积速率。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1761534A (zh) * 2003-01-21 2006-04-19 马特森技术公司 化学镀溶液和方法
CN1784507A (zh) * 2003-05-09 2006-06-07 巴斯福股份公司 用于半导体工业中的三元材料的无电沉积用组合物
CN101235495A (zh) * 2008-03-03 2008-08-06 清华大学 一种在二氧化硅上化学镀Ni-Mo-P的方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1761534A (zh) * 2003-01-21 2006-04-19 马特森技术公司 化学镀溶液和方法
CN1784507A (zh) * 2003-05-09 2006-06-07 巴斯福股份公司 用于半导体工业中的三元材料的无电沉积用组合物
CN101235495A (zh) * 2008-03-03 2008-08-06 清华大学 一种在二氧化硅上化学镀Ni-Mo-P的方法

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