Magnetic suspension motor and dust collector
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic suspension, in particular to a magnetic suspension motor and a dust collector.
Background
Small electric motors are the most common form of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, and have wide application in household appliances and industrial fields. The conventional motor mainly comprises a motor stator part, a motor rotor part, a rotor supporting bearing and a shell part, wherein the motor stator part and the motor rotor part are connected through a mechanical bearing or are in mechanical contact, so that mechanical friction exists in the movement process of the motor rotor.
Mechanical friction not only increases the friction resistance of the rotor, so that moving parts are worn, mechanical vibration and noise are generated, but also the parts can generate heat, so that the performance of the lubricant is deteriorated, the motor air gap is seriously uneven, the winding generates heat, and the temperature rise is increased, thereby reducing the motor efficiency and finally shortening the service life of the motor. Moreover, the mechanical bearings require lubricating oil to maintain, which affects the life of the motor and is disadvantageous for cleaning the equipment, so that a non-contact supporting mode, namely a magnetic suspension supporting mode, must be adopted in the motor in order to realize ultra-high-speed operation and long-life and clean oil-free of the equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a magnetic suspension motor, which solves the problems that the magnetic suspension motor in the prior art cannot be miniaturized, and a household appliance and a small motor in the industrial field cannot realize high-speed operation and have low service life.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a magnetic suspension motor, which comprises a motor stator core, a rotor shaft, an axial displacement sensor for detecting axial displacement of the rotor shaft and an axial magnetic bearing for axially supporting the rotor shaft; the motor stator core and the axial magnetic bearing are coaxially arranged, and the motor stator core and the axial magnetic bearing are sleeved on the outer side of the rotor shaft; the radial support system comprises two groups of permanent magnet groups, each permanent magnet group comprises a radial rotor permanent magnet and a radial stator permanent magnet, the radial rotor permanent magnet is fixed on the outer side of the rotor shaft, the radial stator permanent magnet is sleeved on the outer side of the radial rotor permanent magnet, and a gap is reserved between the outer surface of the radial rotor permanent magnet and the inner surface of the radial stator permanent magnet; the two permanent magnet groups are respectively arranged at two sides of the motor stator core; and repulsive force is formed between the radial rotor permanent magnets and the corresponding radial stator permanent magnets.
According to the invention, the axial displacement sensor is arranged at the non-output end of the rotor shaft and is positioned on the axial extension of the rotor shaft.
According to the invention, two axial magnetic bearings are arranged on two sides of the motor stator core, two ends of the rotor shaft are respectively provided with a step surface matched with the magnetizers on two sides of the axial magnetic bearings, and the inner diameter of the magnetizer on one side of the axial magnetic bearing, which is close to the motor stator core, is larger than the inner diameter of the magnetizer on one side, which is far away from the motor stator core.
According to the invention, the motor further comprises a shell, wherein the motor stator core, the radial stator permanent magnet and the axial magnetic bearing are fixed in the shell, and the output end of the rotor shaft extends out from one side of the shell.
According to the invention, the shell comprises two sub-shells with one open end, the open ends of the two sub-shells are detachably connected, each sub-shell is respectively fixedly provided with one radial stator permanent magnet and one axial magnetic bearing, and the end, opposite to the open end, of the sub-shell is provided with a shaft hole for the rotor shaft to extend out.
According to the invention, the inner cavity of the sub-shell is arranged in a step shape, the diameters of the step surfaces at all levels from the opening of the sub-shell to the shaft hole are gradually reduced, the first-stage step surface at the opening of the sub-shell is used for fixing a motor stator core, and the radial stator permanent magnet and the axial magnetic bearing are respectively fixed on different step surfaces between the first-stage step surface and the shaft hole.
According to the invention, the radial stator permanent magnets in the sub-housing are located between the axial magnetic bearing and the motor stator core.
According to the invention, the rotor shaft is provided with a main permanent magnet at a position corresponding to the motor stator core.
According to the invention, the outer side of the main permanent magnet is sleeved with a carbon fiber sheath.
The invention also provides a dust collector comprising the magnetic suspension motor.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: according to the magnetic suspension motor provided by the embodiment of the invention, the axial support of the rotor shaft is realized through the arranged axial magnetic bearing, the radial support of the rotor shaft adopts the permanent magnet group, the radial rotor permanent magnets and the radial stator permanent magnets in the permanent magnet group are balanced through repulsive force, the radial support of the rotor shaft is realized, the attractive force of the radial magnetic bearing to the rotor shaft is not regulated according to the radial displacement sensor in the working process of the magnetic suspension motor, the structure is simple, the volume of the magnetic suspension motor is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic levitation motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1: a motor stator core; 2: a rotor shaft; 3: an axial magnetic bearing; 4: an axial displacement sensor; 5: radial rotor permanent magnets; 6: radial stator permanent magnets; 7: a sub-shell; 8: and a main permanent magnet.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the magnetic levitation motor provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a motor stator core 1, a rotor shaft 2, an axial displacement sensor 4 for detecting axial displacement of the rotor shaft 2, and an axial magnetic bearing 3 for axially supporting the rotor shaft 2; the motor stator core 1 and the axial magnetic bearing 3 are coaxially arranged, and the motor stator core 1 and the axial magnetic bearing 3 are sleeved outside the rotor shaft 2, and a person skilled in the art can know that gaps are reserved between the motor stator core 1 and the axial magnetic bearing 3 and the rotor shaft 2; the radial support system comprises two groups of permanent magnet groups, each group of permanent magnet group comprises a radial rotor permanent magnet 5 and a radial stator permanent magnet 6, the radial rotor permanent magnet 5 is fixed on the outer side of the rotor shaft 2, the radial stator permanent magnet 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the radial rotor permanent magnet 5, and a gap is reserved between the outer surface of the radial rotor permanent magnet 5 and the inner surface of the radial stator permanent magnet 6; the two permanent magnet groups are respectively arranged at two sides of the motor stator core 1, and repulsive force is formed between the radial rotor permanent magnet 5 and the corresponding radial stator permanent magnet 6.
According to the magnetic suspension motor provided by the embodiment of the invention, the axial support of the rotor shaft 2 is realized through the arranged axial magnetic bearing 3, the radial support of the rotor shaft 2 adopts the permanent magnet group, the radial rotor permanent magnets 5 and the radial stator permanent magnets 6 in the permanent magnet group are balanced through repulsive force, the radial support of the rotor shaft 2 is realized, the attraction force of the radial magnetic bearing on the rotor shaft 2 is regulated according to the radial displacement sensor in the working process of the magnetic suspension motor is omitted, the structure is simple, the volume of the magnetic suspension motor is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Preferably, the axial displacement sensor 4 in this embodiment is arranged at the non-output end of the rotor shaft 2 and is located on an axial extension of the rotor shaft 2. The axial displacement sensor 4 is arranged at the non-output end of the rotor shaft 2, so that the structure of the magnetic levitation motor is more compact.
Preferably, in this embodiment, two axial magnetic bearings 3 are provided, the two axial magnetic bearings 3 are respectively disposed at two sides of the motor stator core 1, and two ends of the rotor shaft 2 are respectively provided with step surfaces matched with magnetizers at two sides of the axial magnetic bearings 3, so that, for facilitating the rotor shaft 2 to pass through the axial magnetic bearings 3 to be assembled, the inner diameter of the magnetizer at one side of the axial magnetic bearings 3 close to the motor stator core 1 is larger than the inner diameter of the magnetizer at one side far away from the motor stator core 1. The two ends of the rotor shaft 2 are respectively provided with an axial magnetic bearing 3, the rotor shaft 2 passes through the axial magnetic bearings 3 during assembly, so that two magnetizers of the axial magnetic bearings 3 are respectively contacted with two step surfaces on the rotor shaft 2, and the installation of the axial magnetic bearings 3 can be completed, and the assembly is simple and convenient. The two axial magnetic bearings 3 respectively realize the supporting limit of the left end and the right end of the rotor shaft 2, and the control of the axial magnetic bearings 3 is simpler. The arrangement of the axial magnetic bearing 3 in this embodiment is not limited to this, and a thrust disk may be provided on the rotor shaft 2, and one axial magnetic bearing 3 may be provided to cooperate with the thrust disk, and both sides of the thrust disk are respectively used as bearing surfaces for the axial magnetic bearing 3 to support the rotor shaft 2, so that the axial magnetic bearing 3 needs to be mounted in blocks during mounting, and the assembly is complex.
Preferably, the magnetic levitation motor further comprises a housing, wherein the motor stator core 1, the radial stator permanent magnet 6 and the axial magnetic bearing 3 are all fixed in the housing, and the output end of the rotor shaft 2 extends out from one side of the housing. Specifically, in this embodiment, the casing includes two sub-casings 7 with one open end, the open ends of the two sub-casings 7 are detachably connected, a radial stator permanent magnet 6 and an axial magnetic bearing 3 are respectively fixed in each sub-casing 7, and a shaft hole for extending the rotor shaft 2 is formed in the end of the sub-casing 7 opposite to the open end. The motor stator core 1 is sleeved on the rotor shaft 2 during assembly, the two ends of the rotor shaft 2 respectively penetrate through the radial stator permanent magnets 6 and the axial magnetic bearings 3 of the two sub-shells 7, the stator core is fixed with the sub-shells 7, and the assembly can be completed by splicing the two sub-shells 7, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the inner cavity of the sub-housing 7 is arranged in a stepped manner, the diameters of the step surfaces at all levels from the opening of the sub-housing 7 to the shaft hole are gradually reduced, the first-stage step surface at the opening of the sub-housing 7 is used for fixing the motor stator core 1, and the radial stator permanent magnet 6 and the axial magnetic bearing 3 are respectively fixed on different step surfaces between the first-stage step surface and the shaft hole. The step-shaped arrangement is convenient for fixing and positioning each part in the shell. Preferably, the radial stator permanent magnets 6 in the sub-housing 7 are located between the axial magnetic bearing 3 and the motor stator core 1 in this embodiment. Since the rotor shaft 2 at the corresponding position of the axial magnetic bearing 3 is provided with the step to cause the diameter to be smaller, if the axial magnetic bearing 3 is arranged at the position relatively close to the motor stator core 1, the shaft diameter of the rotor shaft 2 can be changed too much to influence the strength and the service life of the rotor shaft 2, and since the repulsive force between the radial rotor permanent magnet 5 and the radial stator permanent magnet 6 of the permanent magnet group is related to the area, if the axial magnetic bearing 3 is arranged at the position relatively close to the motor stator core 1, the permanent magnet group is arranged at the position relatively far away from the motor stator core 1, and under the condition of providing the same repulsive force, the width of the permanent magnet group which needs to be arranged due to the small diameter of the rotor shaft 2 can be increased. Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, the radial stator permanent magnet 6 is positioned between the axial magnetic bearing 3 and the motor stator core 1, so that the service performance of the motor is ensured, and meanwhile, the space is further saved, and the structure is more compact. Meanwhile, as the radial rotor permanent magnet 5 is required to be fixed on the rotor shaft 2 during assembly, the diameter of the radial rotor permanent magnet is larger, and the radial stator permanent magnet 6 is arranged between the axial magnetic bearing 3 and the motor stator core 1, so that the assembly is convenient.
Preferably, the rotor shaft 2 is provided with a main permanent magnet 8 at a position corresponding to the motor stator core 1 in the present embodiment. The main permanent magnet 8 and the rotor shaft 2 form a rotor assembly to rotate together, so that the motor becomes a permanent magnet motor, and compared with a common motor, the main permanent magnet 8 occupies small space and has a more compact structure. Further, in this embodiment, a carbon fiber sheath is sleeved outside the main permanent magnet 8. The adoption of the high-strength low-density carbon fiber material can protect the main permanent magnet 8 from being broken under the action of centrifugal force, and meanwhile, the motor is ensured to be light to a greater extent.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a dust collector which comprises the magnetic suspension motor. The service life of the dust collector is prolonged, the noise is reduced, and the system performance is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.