CN107091825A - Fluorescent sample chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array - Google Patents

Fluorescent sample chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array Download PDF

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CN107091825A
CN107091825A CN201710210092.XA CN201710210092A CN107091825A CN 107091825 A CN107091825 A CN 107091825A CN 201710210092 A CN201710210092 A CN 201710210092A CN 107091825 A CN107091825 A CN 107091825A
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microlens array
image
sample
fluorescent sample
image plane
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戴琼海
何继军
吴嘉敏
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Tsinghua University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N21/6456Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
    • G01N21/6458Fluorescence microscopy
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N2021/6463Optics
    • G01N2021/6478Special lenses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/066Modifiable path; multiple paths in one sample
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/068Optics, miscellaneous

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  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention proposes that a kind of fluorescent sample chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array, including IMAQ and three-dimensional deconvolution reconstruct two parts.IMAQ part is located in the image planes after lens combination by fluorescence microscope, lens combination, microlens array and imaging sensor composition, microlens array, and different angle light in image planes are modulated into correspondence image sensor different pixels point after lenticule;Three-dimensional deconvolution reconstructs part, using the image of acquisition, with reference to system point spread function, by multiple forward projection and back projection, reconstructs fluorescent sample image focal plane.Advantage of the invention is that being applicable, fluorescent sample scope is wide, and image taking speed is fast, calculates after rebuilding, sample different depth image can eliminate non-focal plane Fuzzy Influence.

Description

Fluorescent sample chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array
Technical field
The present invention relates to shooting field is calculated, more particularly to a kind of fluorescent sample chromatography based on microlens array is micro- Imaging method.
Background technology
At present, what most fluorescence microscopy three-dimensional imaging was utilized is Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope or two-photon, multiphoton microscope, by Spot scan gathers fluorescent sample, the image formed under different depth.But these methods deposit shortcoming both ways.First, it is required to swash It is luminous relatively strong, fluorescent bleach is easily caused, and also strong illumination may damage sample cell or tissue structure;Second, to fluorescence The imaging of sample certain depth needs point by point scanning, and time efficiency is low.Therefore, the above method is not suitable for sensitized fluorescence sample and life Thing sample, and image taking speed is slow, it is impossible to record dynamic scene.
Wide visual field microscope is then different, and its luminous flux is big, can be imaged under weaker exciting light, and each depth can be with Direct imaging is fast compared to preceding method image taking speed.But obtaining fluoroscopic image using wide-field microscope, there are the following problems:Excite Light not only excites sample positioned at fluorescence labeling at focal plane of lens, also excites the fluorescence labeling not in focal plane of lens, because This, each pixel light intensity of imaging sensor is fluorescence intensity and non-focal plane fluorescence intensity and noise superposition on focal plane, It is lower than preceding method resolution ratio that each depth obtains image resolution ratio.
The content of the invention
It is contemplated that at least solving one of above-mentioned technical problem to a certain extent or providing at a kind of useful business Industry is selected.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to propose a kind of chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array.Should Method is applicable fluorescent sample scope extensively, and image taking speed is fast, calculates after rebuilding, sample different depth image can eliminate non-focal plane mould Paste influence.
It is another object of the present invention to propose a kind of chromatography micro imaging system based on microlens array.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention discloses a kind of layer based on microlens array Micro imaging method is analysed, is comprised the following steps:Micro- sample is amplified to by the first image plane by microscopical camera outlet, Wherein, the microscope is wide visual field fluorescence microscope;First compound lens meets rear class according to first image plane generation It is required that the second image plane;Microlens array carries out optical modulation to second image plane, by different angles in the second image plane Degree light is modulated to different spatial after lenticule;Second compound lens is mutual by the image modulated by the microlens array It is sent to imaging sensor not overlapping and tight;Imaging sensor records the fluorescent sample image after being modulated through prime.
In some instances, it is described that micro- sample is amplified to by the first image plane by microscopical camera outlet, bag Include:By the movement to movement of the fluorescence microscopy sample in z-axis or object lens, realize and fluorescent sample different depth is imaged.
In some instances, the fluoroscopic image exported to microscope, with resolution of diffraction by microlens array or Other intensity or phase-modulation.
In some instances, in addition to:Means are rebuild by deconvolution and eliminate non-focal plane effect of signals.
The chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array of the embodiment of the present invention in image planes by adding lenticule battle array Row modulation, is calculated imaging every time using deconvolution and eliminates non-focal plane effect of signals, i.e., using wide-field microscope high power objective, will The sample fluorescence image resolution ratio limit of output be amplified to lenticule matching size, then modulated by microlens array, will Different angle light correspond to space diverse location, then adjust pixel model in each lenticule respective sensor by optics Enclose, realize after microlens array that image is not weighed and do not leak, then using Deconvolution Method, eliminate non-focus plane information influence, calculate weight Build out image focal plane.Advantage is that excitation source power is low, can be applied to photosensitive sample and biological specimen imaging, reduces fluorescence Bleaching and the damage to sample;Image taking speed is fast, can commonly the realization of wide-field microscope coke pile stack image taking speed can be with scanning Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope analogy image quality.
The embodiment of second aspect of the present invention discloses a kind of chromatography micro imaging system based on microlens array, bag Include:Microscope, the microscope is wide visual field fluorescence microscope, is put micro- sample by the microscopical camera outlet Greatly to the first image plane;First compound lens, the second image plane of rear class requirement is met for being generated according to the image plane;It is micro- Lens array, for carrying out optical modulation to second image plane, different angle light in the second image plane is modulated to micro- Different spatial after lens;Second compound lens, for the image non-overlapping copies that will be modulated by microlens array and without sky Unoccupied place is sent to imaging sensor;Imaging sensor, for recording the fluorescent sample image after being modulated through prime.
In some instances, by the movement to movement of the fluorescence microscopy sample in z-axis or object lens, realize to fluorescence sample This different depth is imaged.
In some instances, the fluoroscopic image exported to microscope, with resolution of diffraction by microlens array or Other intensity or phase-modulation.
In some instances, means are rebuild by deconvolution and eliminates non-focal plane effect of signals.
The chromatography micro imaging system based on microlens array of the embodiment of the present invention in image planes by adding lenticule battle array Row modulation, is calculated imaging every time using deconvolution and eliminates non-focal plane effect of signals, i.e., using wide-field microscope high power objective, will The sample fluorescence image resolution ratio limit of output be amplified to lenticule matching size, then modulated by microlens array, will Different angle light correspond to space diverse location, then adjust pixel model in each lenticule respective sensor by optics Enclose, realize after microlens array that image is not weighed and do not leak, then using Deconvolution Method, eliminate non-focus plane information influence, calculate weight Build out image focal plane.Advantage is that excitation source power is low, can be applied to photosensitive sample and biological specimen imaging, reduces fluorescence Bleaching and the damage to sample;Image taking speed is fast, can commonly the realization of wide-field microscope coke pile stack image taking speed can be with scanning Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope analogy image quality.
The additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description Obtain substantially, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage combination accompanying drawings below of the present invention in the description of embodiment to that will become Substantially and be readily appreciated that, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the image fluorescence specimens index path of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the forward projection model of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 collects image for the sensor of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 calculates generation image for the deconvolution of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the chromatography micro imaging system based on microlens array of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
The chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array of the embodiment of the present invention is mainly included the following steps that:
1) collection of fluorescence microscopy sample image sequence.Using imaging system proposed by the present invention, by adjusting micro- thing Relative distance between mirror and sample, makes sample different depth be in focal plane, then using adding microlens array on imaging optical path Modulation, realizes on different angle light and sensor corresponding relation between different spatial.After the completion of gatherer process, you can obtain Under sample different depth, the image sequence after being modulated through microlens array.
2) imaging point spread function is obtained.Imaging point spread function can both be obtained using imaging system parameters theoretical calculation .Its imaging sequence on different focal positions can also be gathered by the use of the appropriate fluorescent microsphere of size as fluorescent sample, System point spread function is used as with the picture of fluorescent microsphere in the image sequence.The algorithm of blind deconvolution can also be directly used, Point spread function is generated while iterative calculation focal plane image.
3) fluorescent sample focal plane image deconvolution is rebuild.First with 1) obtain image sequence, 2) calculate imaging three Point spread function is tieed up, eliminating non-focal plane by deconvolution iterative calculation influences.If using blind deconvolution algorithm, by theoretical calculation Then spread function realizes that focal plane image and point spread function are synchronously restrained in an iterative process as initial value.
The method have the advantages that compared to existing Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope, it is simple in construction, it is with low cost;Meanwhile, this hair The excitation light power of bright needs is relatively low, and destruction of the laser to photosensitive sample, biological specimen can be reduced to greatest extent;Moreover, this Invention imaging process does not need point by point scanning, and image taking speed is fast.In addition, the method deconvolution process of reconstruction is in ordinary PC or work Stand etc. and can be achieved on hardware system.
Specifically, the chromatography micro imaging method proposed by the present invention based on microlens array, image sequence acquisition mistake Journey is as shown in figure 1, and with reference to Fig. 2 to Fig. 6, including following components:
1) fluorescence microscope.Using ZEISS companies produce Axio Observer Z1 fluorescence microscopes, 100 times amplification, The silicone oil object lens of numerical aperture 1.3.Fluorescence microscope can adjust position of the micro- sample in z-axis, be swashed using LASER Light Source Sample fluorescence is sent out, and sample fluorescence image is sent to microscope imaging interface.
2) lens combination 1 (the first compound lens).The image resolution ratio that lens combination 1 exports microscope and lenticule chi Very little matching.Microscope output image is located on the front focal plane of lens combination 1.
3) microlens array.Microlens array is realized is modulated to different spaces position after lenticule by the different angle light in space Put.Using 100 micron-scale lenticules of RPC photonics companies, 2.8 millimeters of lenticule focal length, numerical aperture is about 100 μm/(2*2.8mm)=0.017,50.8 × 50.8mm of array sizes2
4) lens combination 2 (the second compound lens).Lens combination 2 transforms to the image planes after microlens array is modulated The image planes matched with imaging sensor CCD sizes.
5) imaging sensor.Imaging sensor is used for recording image of the fluorescent sample after microlens array is modulated, real Corresponding relation between location of pixels in existing light angle and sensor.Using Andor Zyla4.2 cameras.
In this example, using 100 times of amplifications, numerical aperture is 1.3 silicone oil object lens, and wavelength of fluorescence takes 550 nanometers, passed through Automatically controlled objective table axial movement sample realizes that sample is successively scanned.Under the above parameters, resolution of diffraction is:
The front focal plane of lens combination 1 and micro- output port mirror image face are overlapped.To realize that limiting resolution is amplified by lenticule, Different angle light are modulated to different spatial, limiting resolution will be matched with lenslet dimension, while considering Nai Kuisi Special sample rate requirement, lens combination 1 needs image amplifying 7.70 times.
Microlens array is located on the back focal plane of lens combination 1.Because image amplifies again through lens combination 1, it is considered to rear class Sensor can not accommodate whole visual field, it is necessary to sacrifice field range.This example uses 25 pixels of correspondence after each lenticule, by It is 2048*2048 in sensor resolution, its field range is 53 μm of 53 μ m, if respective pixel after lenticule be reduced to 9, field range is expanded to 66 μm of 66 μ m.To eliminate the influence of visual field external signal, diaphragm can be added and shielded.With this reality Example parameter is calculated, and diaphragm diameter is that 2048/ (5*2) * 150=30.72mm can also add diaphragm before lens combination 1, this When diaphragm a diameter of 2048/ (5*2) * 0.0259=5.31mm.Due to each microlens array 25 pixels of correspondence, single pixel Size is 20 μm.
The front focal plane of lens combination 2 and microlens array back focal plane are overlapped.Image after microlens array is modulated, then pass through Cross lens combination 2 to reduce, realize that Pixel Dimensions are consistent with CCD pixel size after lenticule.Because sensor pixel size is 6.45 μm, lens combination 2 is needed 3.1 times of image down.
Sensor is located on the back focal plane of lens combination 2, realizes IMAQ after modulation.The present embodiment is carried using axial movement Thing platform mode, makes sample successively enter object lens front focal plane, realizes that whole sample is successively imaged.
Deconvolution calculating process mainly utilizes forward projection model and the non-focal plane signal of back projection model iteration elimination.Solution Convolution algorithm regards imaging process as each depth of the sample process cumulative with the spread function convolution of respective layer point.Three-dimensional point spreads Function is calculated using Gibson Lanni model theories and obtained.Image column vector will be collected to turn toSample space voxel Column vector is turned toCalculation matrix is H.Forward model be sample to the projection process of image, be represented by:F=Hg.Survey Element h in moment matrix HijContributions of the voxel i to picture point j is reflected, is exactly substantially voxel i point spread functions at sensor j Value, therefore H-matrix each column correspondence one voxel point spread function.Due to using normalization point spread function, each column and it is 1.Forward projection process is as shown in Figure 3.
Calculation matrix H jth row can regard weight coefficient vector of each voxel of sample space to pixel j as.Correspondingly, calculation matrix The row of H i-th can regard weight coefficient vector of each pixel to voxel i as.Therefore, back projection model is represented by:g=HTF, reflection Image planes each point is to each voxel corresponding relation.
Usually, sensor receives photon and obeys Poisson distribution.It is if collecting imageAmbient noise
For b, then have
Become because Poisson distribution is log-concave function, after taking the logarithm and turn to convex problem, using gradient descent method, can be changed Dai Xie:
g(k+1)=diag (HT1)-1diag(HTdiag(Hg(k)+b)-1f)g(k)
Because microlens array is located in image planes, and sampled with limiting resolution, be only intersected in the light of position of focal plane not Different spatial after lenticule is mapped to angle, deconvolution computing, different spatial uses different point spread functions Number.Thus deconvolution iterative process is only capable of recovering focal plane signal, and eliminates non-focal plane influence.To sample successively image deconvolution Rebuild, you can obtain fluorescent sample chromatography microscopic three-dimensional image.
As shown in fig. 6, the chromatography micro imaging system based on microlens array of the embodiment of the present invention, including:Microscope, The microscope is wide visual field fluorescence microscope, and micro- sample is amplified into the first picture by the microscopical camera outlet Plane;First compound lens (lens combination 1), the second image plane of rear class requirement is met for being generated according to the image plane; Microlens array, for carrying out optical modulation to second image plane, different angle light in the second image plane are modulated to Different spatial after lenticule;Second compound lens (lens combination 2), the image for will be modulated by microlens array is mutual It is sent to imaging sensor not overlapping and tight;Imaging sensor, for recording the fluorescent sample image after being modulated through prime.
Embodiments of the invention, are modulated by adding microlens array in image planes, and deconvolution is used to imaging every time Calculate and eliminate non-focal plane effect of signals, i.e., using wide-field microscope high power objective, by the sample fluorescence image resolution ratio pole of output Limit be amplified to lenticule matching size, then modulated by microlens array, it is different that different angle light are corresponded into space Position, then pixel coverage in each lenticule respective sensor is adjusted by optics, realize that image is not after microlens array Weight does not leak, then using Deconvolution Method, eliminates non-focus plane information influence, and calculating reconstructs image focal plane.Advantage is to swash Luminous source power is low, can be applied to photosensitive sample and biological specimen imaging, reduces fluorescent bleach and the damage to sample;Imaging speed Degree is fast, commonly can realize the imaging matter that can be compared with the Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope of scanning by wide-field microscope coke pile stack image taking speed Amount.
Any process described otherwise above or method description are construed as in flow chart or herein, represent to include Module, fragment or the portion of the code of one or more executable instructions the step of being used to realize specific logical function or process Point, and the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes other realization, wherein can not be by shown or discussion suitable Sequence, including according to involved function by it is basic simultaneously in the way of or in the opposite order, carry out perform function, this should be of the invention Embodiment person of ordinary skill in the field understood.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine specific features, structure, material or the spy that the embodiment or example are described Point is contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term not Necessarily refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be any One or more embodiments or example in combine in an appropriate manner.
Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example Property, it is impossible to limitation of the present invention is interpreted as, one of ordinary skill in the art is not departing from the principle and objective of the present invention In the case of above-described embodiment can be changed within the scope of the invention, change, replace and modification.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of chromatography micro imaging method based on microlens array, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Micro- sample is amplified to by the first image plane by microscopical camera outlet, wherein, the microscope is wide visual field Fluorescence microscope;
First compound lens generates the second image plane for meeting rear class requirement according to first image plane;
Microlens array carries out optical modulation to second image plane, different angle light in the second image plane is modulated to micro- Different spatial after lens;
The image non-overlapping copies and tight modulated by the microlens array are sent to imaging sensing by the second compound lens Device;
Imaging sensor records the fluorescent sample image after being modulated through prime.
2. the fluorescent sample chromatography method according to claim 1 based on microlens array, it is characterised in that described to pass through Micro- sample is amplified to the first image plane by microscopical camera outlet, including:
By the movement to movement of the fluorescence microscopy sample in z-axis or object lens, realize and fluorescent sample different depth is imaged.
3. the fluorescent sample chromatography method according to claim 1 based on microlens array, it is characterised in that wherein, right The fluoroscopic image of microscope output, microlens array or other intensity or phase-modulation are passed through with resolution of diffraction.
4. the fluorescent sample chromatography method according to claim 1 based on microlens array, it is characterised in that also include: Means are rebuild by deconvolution and eliminate non-focal plane effect of signals.
5. a kind of chromatography micro imaging system based on microlens array, it is characterised in that including:
Microscope, the microscope is wide visual field fluorescence microscope, by the microscopical camera outlet by micro- sample It is amplified to the first image plane;
First compound lens, the second image plane of rear class requirement is met for being generated according to the image plane;
Microlens array, for carrying out optical modulation to second image plane, different angle light in the second image plane are adjusted Make different spatial after lenticule;
Second compound lens, for the image non-overlapping copies and tight modulated by microlens array to be sent to imaging sensing Device;
Imaging sensor, for recording the fluorescent sample image after being modulated through prime.
6. the fluorescent sample tomographic system according to claim 5 based on microlens array, it is characterised in that wherein, leads to The movement to movement of the fluorescence microscopy sample in z-axis or object lens is crossed, realizes and fluorescent sample different depth is imaged.
7. the fluorescent sample tomographic system according to claim 5 based on microlens array, it is characterised in that wherein, right The fluoroscopic image of microscope output, microlens array or other intensity or phase-modulation are passed through with resolution of diffraction.
8. the fluorescent sample tomographic system according to claim 5 based on microlens array, it is characterised in that wherein, leads to Cross deconvolution and rebuild the non-focal plane effect of signals of means elimination.
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