CN107090800A - The step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity - Google Patents
The step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN107090800A CN107090800A CN201710392169.XA CN201710392169A CN107090800A CN 107090800 A CN107090800 A CN 107090800A CN 201710392169 A CN201710392169 A CN 201710392169A CN 107090800 A CN107090800 A CN 107090800A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity, including tank, water filling device, tank forebay, water delivery pipeline system, Rigid Dam body Model and earth and rockfill dam model, the tank forebay is arranged at the tank upstream, the earth and rockfill dam model is arranged at the tank downstream, the Rigid Dam body Model is arranged between the tank forebay and the earth and rockfill dam model, at least two storage capacity are set between the tank forebay and the Rigid Dam body Model, septalium is set in the tank between two storage capacity, it is used to insert the dividing plate for being used for separating two storage capacity in the septalium, the water filling device to tank forebay water filling is provided for above the tank.Producing principle of the present invention is simple and convenient to operate, practicality is stronger, it can be ensured that the accuracy of the smooth implementation and hydraulic parameter of single dam break or even the chain model experiment of bursting of step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water modeling experiment technical field, and in particular to one kind can for simulation in Dam Break Problems research
The arch dam dam break of change reservoir capacity and downstream the experimental trough device of the chain dam break of earth and rockfill dam step.
Background technology
Form according to dam break can be divided into Dam Break Problems moment, and routed, instantaneous portion is routed entirely, three major types of gradually bursting.General feelings
Under condition, dam-break accident once occurs for the arch dam in rigid dam type, often occur moment burst entirely；Remaining Rigid Dam is most of still
Locally divide for moment and burst；The form of bursting of earth and rockfill dam is gradually to burst.In laboratory conditions, the simulation of Dam Break Problems would generally match somebody with somebody
Conjunction is carried out in the sink.
Reservoir capacity influences huge to dam bursting flood, and storage capacity is bigger, and water level is higher, the flood flood that reservoir dam moment bursts entirely
Peak flow is bigger, and discharge process is more violent, and the duration is longer, and destructive power is huger, and the disaster caused is often more serious.Cause
This, is necessary to be studied for the dam Dam Break Problems of different storage capacity in dam-break experiments, assesses loss caused by flood situation, with
It is easy to prediction and warning, takes measures to reduce dam bursting flood risk.
The research for problem of being burst entirely for moment, dam break model test is mostly that rigid dam is simulated with baffle plate, fast with baffle plate
To simulate dam the situation all burst of moment occurs for the mode for carrying or dropping down in speed.When storage capacity change before simulation dam
When, mainly transform and complete by building different tank or storage capacity to existing model of reservoir, flexibility is poor, cost compared with
It is high and be difficult to easily carry out contrast experiment.
Meanwhile, the research both at home and abroad in terms of dam break is carried out the work for single dam Dam Break Problems mostly at present,
Dam bursting flood evolution issues research for Cascade Reservoirs is less.In view of step water conservancy work in many mountain streams of China
The exploitation of journey is more universal, and some rivers are in earthquake zone, often can be with the natural calamity such as landslide, mud-rock flow, especially easily
The actual conditions such as damming dam, rock-fill dams are formed, should provide for a rainy day, prevent trouble before it happens, the dam bursting flood evolution to step dam body is advised
Rule is studied.
The content of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity, it is intended to logical
Cross step dam break experimental simulation dam is constant and in the case of storage capacity change the problem of research dam break.
In view of the above mentioned problem of prior art, according to one side disclosed by the invention, the present invention uses following technology
Scheme：
A kind of step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity, including tank, water filling device, tank forebay, aqueduct system
System, Rigid Dam body Model and earth and rockfill dam model, the tank forebay are arranged at the tank upstream, and the earth and rockfill dam model is set
In the tank downstream, the Rigid Dam body Model is arranged between the tank forebay and the earth and rockfill dam model, the water
Set between groove forebay and the Rigid Dam body Model and dividing plate is set in the tank between at least two storage capacity, two storage capacity
It is used to insert in groove, the septalium and is provided for above the dividing plate for being used for separating two storage capacity, the tank to the water
The water filling device of groove forebay water filling, the water delivery pipeline system is arranged at below the tank and by first order septalium and rigidity
First order storage capacity between dam body model is connected with the tank forebay, and the water delivery pipeline system includes water inlet, exhaust-valve
Door, flow control valve and delivery port, the water inlet are connected with tank forebay bottom, the delivery port and described first
The bottom connection of level storage capacity, the emptying valve and flow control valve be set in turn in the water inlet and the delivery port it
Between pipeline on.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, further technical scheme is：
According to one embodiment of the invention, the water filling device is right angle trigonometry weir.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the tank forebay 2 and the water level difference Z of first order storage capacity 8 are met,CoFor the discharge coefficient of right angled triangle sharp-crested weir, H4For head on weirs, μ is to flow discharge coefficient, g
For acceleration of gravity, R1For the radius of water inlet 14.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the Rigid Dam body Model bottom passes through bearing and the bottom of gullet
Connection, the Rigid Dam body Model top is connected with the fixed support device, and the fixed support device is described with being arranged at
Support bar connection on tank.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the earth and rockfill dam model height H1, Rigid Dam body Model height H2, water
Groove height H3Between should meet：H1≤H2≤H3。
According to another embodiment of the invention, the water filling device discharge capacity is less than or equal under the tank forebay
Square water inlet discharge capacity.
The present invention can also be：
According to another embodiment of the invention, water inlet discharge capacity is less than or equal to row in the water delivery pipeline system
Empty valve discharge capacity；Water inlet discharge capacity is less than or equal to the discharge capacity of delivery port.
Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effects of the present invention are：
A kind of step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity of the present invention, has：1) it can avoid repairing in traditional dam-break experiments
Building different tank or existing model is transformed could complete the mode of change storage capacity, reach that storage capacity flexibly changes before dam, simultaneously
Save experimental period and the purpose of experimental cost；2) reservoir border, the insertion of different parts septalium are used as by default septalium
Dividing plate is as the boundary condition of control reservoir capacity, and producing principle is simple, practicality is stronger；3) by simulate rigid dam and under
The earth and rockfill dam model of trip, the chain dam break model test for realizing rigid dam body transient reliability and downstream earth and rockfill dam gradual dam break is ground
Study carefully；4) present invention is simple in construction, experimental program adjustment and more convenient, the strong operability of optimization, can be widely used in dam break and ladder
Among level dam break model experiment；5) water-carriage system realizes storage water flow spirit by different conciliation Valve controlling water flows
Change living, so as to create various selectable boundary condition for experimental program.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment for clearer explanation present specification embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art
Or the accompanying drawing used required in the description of prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only
It is the reference to the embodiment of some in present specification, for those skilled in the art, is not paying creative work
In the case of, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the arch dam and downstream earth and rockfill dam step dam break experimental trough of the variable storage capacity according to one embodiment of the invention
Device schematic cross-sectional view.
Fig. 2 is the arch dam and downstream earth and rockfill dam step dam break experimental trough of the variable storage capacity according to one embodiment of the invention
The schematic top plan view of device.
Fig. 3 is the device A-A profiles of step dam break experimental trough shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the device B-B profiles of step dam break experimental trough shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the device C-C profiles of step dam break experimental trough shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 for experimental trough device of the present invention first order septalium in insert dividing plate schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 for experimental trough device of the present invention second level septalium in insert dividing plate schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is to be not inserted into the schematic diagram of dividing plate in experimental trough device of the present invention.
Wherein, it is entitled corresponding to the reference in accompanying drawing：
1- water filling devices, 2- tanks forebay, 3- partition walls, 4- third level storage capacity, 5- second level septalium, 6- second
Level storage capacity, 7- first order septaliums, 8- first order storage capacity, 9- support bars, 10- handles, 11- fixed support devices, 12-
Rigid Dam body Model, 13- bearings, 14- water inlets, 15- water delivery pipeline systems, 16- emptying valves, 17- flow control valves
Door, 18- delivery ports, 19- earth and rockfill dam models, L1The length of-tank forebay, L2- second level septalium and tank forebay partition wall
Between distance, L3The distance between-second level septalium and first order septalium, L4- first order septalium and rigid dam body mould
The distance between type, L5The distance between-Rigid Dam body Model and earth and rockfill dam model, B-tank width, H1- earth and rockfill dam mould
Type height, H2- Rigid Dam body Model height, H3- tank height, H4- triangular-notch weir head on weirs height, R1- water inlet half
Footpath, R2- emptying aperture radius, R3- water outlet port radius.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
As Figure 1-Figure 8, the step dam break experimental provision of a kind of variable storage capacity, including tank, water filling device 1, tank
Forebay 2, water delivery pipeline system 15, Rigid Dam body Model 12 and earth and rockfill dam model 19, the tank forebay 2 are arranged at the tank
Upstream, the earth and rockfill dam model 19 is arranged at the tank downstream, and the Rigid Dam body Model 12 is arranged at the tank forebay 2
Between the earth and rockfill dam model 19, at least two storage capacity are set between the tank forebay 2 and the Rigid Dam body Model 12,
Set in tank between two storage capacity be used to inserting in septalium, the septalium be used for by two storage capacity separate every
Plate, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, from Rigid Dam body Model 12 to setting gradually first order septalium 7, the second level between tank forebay 2
Septalium 5 etc., is first order storage capacity 8, first order septalium 7 and second between first order septalium 7 and Rigid Dam body Model 12
It is second level storage capacity 6 between level septalium 5, is third level storage capacity 4 between second level septalium 5 and the partition wall 3 of tank forebay 2,
The water filling device 1 to the water filling of tank forebay 2, the preferable right angle three of water filling device 1 are provided for above the tank
Angle weir, Rigid Dam body Model 12 can be baffle plate, the water delivery pipeline system 15 be arranged at below the tank and by the first order every
First order storage capacity 8 between board slot 7 and Rigid Dam body Model 12 is connected with the tank forebay 2, the water delivery pipeline system 15
Including water inlet 14, emptying valve 16, flow control valve 17 and delivery port 18, the water inlet 14 and the tank forebay 2
Bottom is connected, and the delivery port 18 is connected with the bottom of the first order storage capacity 8, the emptying valve 16 and flow control valve
17 are set in turn on the pipeline between the water inlet 14 and the delivery port 18, and water delivery pipeline system 15 conveys current
Before to the dam of Rigid Dam body Model 12 in reservoir.
The bottom of Rigid Dam body Model 12 is connected by bearing 13 with the bottom of gullet, the Rigid Dam body Model 12
Top is connected with the fixed support device 11, and the fixed support device 11 connects with the support bar 9 being arranged on the tank
Connect.I.e. the lower end of bearing 13 is threaded post, and bottom of gullet is threaded hole, and bearing 13 is screwed in described by the threaded post of its lower end
In screwed hole, the downstream side of Rigid Dam body Model 12 is stopped by the bearing 13, and the top of Rigid Dam body Model 12 is with consolidating
Fixed rack device 11 is flexibly connected, i.e., fixed support device 11 can be stuck on the Rigid Dam body Model 12 by a stop part
Portion, fixed support device 11 is rotated with support bar 9 and is connected, and in the case where simulating dam break, branch fixed support device 11 is carried upwards,
Fixed support device 11 rotates around support bar 9, fixed support device 11 is departed from Rigid Dam body Model 12, in the flood of simulation
Under impact, dam break then occurs for Rigid Dam body Model 12.
The discharge capacity of water filling device 1 is less than or equal to the discharge capacity of the lower section water inlet 14 of tank forebay 2.
The discharge capacity of 15 water inlet 14 is less than or equal to the discharge capacity of emptying valve 16 in the water delivery pipeline system；Water inlet
14 discharge capacities of mouth are less than or equal to the discharge capacity of delivery port 18.
Above is referred to water tank device in devised in diverse location in septalium, each septalium and may be inserted into dividing plate,
Insert after different dividing plates, storage capacity is different before the dam for the baffle plate for simulating dam.In first order septalium 7 after insertion dividing plate, tank
As shown in Figure 6, now storage capacity is L to device experiment effect before dam4BH2, L in formula4For the length of the first storage capacity 8 before dam, B is
Tank width, H2For the height of the Rigid Dam body Model 12 of upstream；In the second level septalium 5 after insertion dividing plate, and take out the
After dividing plate in one-level septalium 7, as shown in Figure 7, now storage capacity is (L to water tank device experiment effect before dam3+L4)BH2, formula
Middle L3+L4For reservoir length, L before dam3For the length of the second storage capacity；It is not inserted into dividing plate, the water tank device experiment effect such as institute of accompanying drawing 8
Show, now storage capacity is (L before dam2+L3+L4)BH2, L in formula2+L3+L4For reservoir length, L before dam2For the length of first order storage capacity,
L in Fig. 21For the length of tank forebay 2.
Inlet flow rate is controlled using right angle trigonometry weir in process of the test, the lower section water inlet 14 of tank forebay 2 controls out stream
Flow；Triangular-notch weir flow formula is：In formula:Q is flow, with m3/ s is counted；CoFor right angled triangle sharp-crested weir
Discharge coefficient, it is relevant with the size of triangular-notch weir；H4For head on weirs (height), in terms of m (long measure rice).Water inlet 14 goes out stream
Formula is：In formula:Q is flow, with m3/ s is counted；μ is that ozzle (water inlet 14) goes out to flow discharge coefficient, and g attaches most importance to
Power acceleration；A is the orifice area of water inlet 14, with m2Meter, A=π R1 2, R1For the radius of water inlet 14, in terms of m；Z is effect water
Head, the as head of tank forebay 2 and reservoir head difference (i.e. with the height difference of first order storage capacity 8) before dam, in terms of m.To keep away
Exempt from water logging forebay, should meet：Triangular-notch weir discharge capacity is less than or equal to the discharge capacity of 2 lower section water inlet of tank forebay 14；I.e.Then answer control action head
To realize that the flow control valve 17 of the emptying valve 16 and delivery port 18 that empty aperture in water delivery pipeline system can
Joint dynamic regulation and the letdown flow that can be completely independent regulation water inlet 14, aperture aerial drainage are met：The aerial drainage of water inlet 14
Ability is less than or equal to emptying aperture discharge capacity；Meanwhile, the discharge capacity of water inlet 14 is less than or equal to the discharge capacity of delivery port 18.
The loss of flood peak and the different orifice discrepancy in elevation ideally, are ignored in laboratory, then should meet the radius R of water inlet 141Less than or equal to row
Emptying aperture port radius R2, the radius R of water inlet 141Less than or equal to the radius R of delivery port 183, i.e. R1≤R2, R1≤R3, in formula, R1For water inlet
Port radius, R2For emptying aperture radius, R3For water outlet port radius.In process of the test, with acting head Z dynamic changes, by adjusting
Section emptying valve 16 and flow control valve 17, can be achieved storage water flow and flexibly change, enrich the border of experimental study
Condition, support is provided for contrast experiment's research.
It should be met between the height of earth and rockfill dam model 19, the height of Rigid Dam body Model 12, tank height：H1≤H2≤H3；Formula
In：H1For the height of earth and rockfill dam model 19, H2For the height of Rigid Dam body Model 12, H3For tank height.
Upstream water level is reached after a certain setting value, lifts the fixed support device 11 on dam body rapidly by handle 10,
Due to upstream water pressure, Rigid Dam body Model 12 falls down, and water body lets out downstream earth and rockfill dam model 19, then can simulate upstream Rigid Dam
Body dam break and the chain situation of bursting of downstream earth and rockfill dam.
Embodiment 1
Step dam break experimental trough apparatus structure as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the weir on right angle trigonometry weir in water delivery pipeline system 15
Push up head H4Highly it is 25cm, tank height H3For 50cm, the height H of Rigid Dam body Model 122For 30cm, earth and rockfill dam model 19
Height H1For 25cm；The length L of tank forebay 21For 60cm, apart from L between second level septalium 5 and the partition wall 3 of tank forebay 22For
80cm, apart from L between second level septalium 5 and first order septalium 73For 80cm, first order septalium 7 and Rigid Dam body Model
Apart from L between 124For 80cm, apart from L between Rigid Dam body Model 12 and earth and rockfill dam model 195For 165cm；Tank width B is
80cm；The radius R of water-carriage system water inlet 141For 10cm, emptying aperture radius R2For 10cm, the radius R of delivery port 183For 10cm.
In the case, different dividing plates are inserted, reservoir capacity can be respectively 0.192m3、0.384m3、0.576m3, experiment
During, reservoir capacity can be converted between three, realize the step dam break experiment effect that storage capacity is converted in same tank.
Embodiment 2
The head on weirs height H on right angle trigonometry weir in water-carriage system4For 40cm, tank height H3For 80cm, rigid dam body mould
The height H of type 122For 60cm, the height H of earth and rockfill dam model 191For 40cm；The length L of tank forebay 21For 80cm, second level septalium 5
Apart from L between the partition wall 3 of tank forebay 22For 120cm, apart from L between second level septalium 5 and first order septalium 73For
100cm, apart from L between first order septalium 7 and Rigid Dam body Model 124For 80cm, Rigid Dam body Model 12 and earth and rockfill dam mould
Apart from L between type 195For 300cm；Tank width B is 100cm；The radius R of water inlet 14 of water-carriage system1For 10cm, aperture is emptied
Radius R2For 15cm, the radius R of delivery port 183For 15cm.
In the case, different dividing plates are inserted, reservoir capacity can be respectively 0.48m3、1.08m3、1.8m3, experimentation
In, reservoir capacity can be converted between three, realize the step dam break experiment effect that storage capacity is converted in same tank.
Present invention, avoiding build different tank in traditional dam-break experiments or transform existing model to complete to become storage capacity
Mode, has reached that storage capacity flexibly changes before dam, while saving experimental period and the purpose of experimental cost.This experimental provision practicality
By force, it can be ensured that the standard of the smooth implementation and every hydraulic parameters of single dam body dam break or even the chain model experiment of bursting of step
True property is higher.
The embodiment of each in this specification is described by the way of progressive, what each embodiment was stressed be with it is other
Identical similar portion cross-reference between the difference of embodiment, each embodiment.
" one embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " embodiment " for being spoken of in this manual, etc., refer to knot
Specific features, structure or the feature for closing embodiment description are included at least one embodiment of the application generality description
In.It is not necessarily to refer to same embodiment that statement of the same race, which occur, in multiple places in the description.Appoint furthermore, it is understood that combining
When one embodiment describes a specific features, structure or feature, what is advocated is this to realize with reference to other embodiment
Feature, structure or feature are also fallen within the scope of the present invention.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for multiple explanatory embodiments of the invention, however, it is to be understood that
Those skilled in the art can be designed that a lot of other modification and embodiment, and these modifications and embodiment will fall in this Shen
Please be within disclosed spirit and spirit.More specifically, can be to master in the range of disclosure and claim
The building block and/or layout for inscribing composite configuration carry out a variety of variations and modifications.Except what is carried out to building block and/or layout
Outside variations and modifications, to those skilled in the art, other purposes also will be apparent.
Claims (7)
1. the step dam break experimental provision of a kind of variable storage capacity, it is characterised in that including tank, water filling device (1), tank forebay
(2), water delivery pipeline system (15), Rigid Dam body Model (12) and earth and rockfill dam model (19), the tank forebay (2) are arranged at institute
Tank upstream is stated, the earth and rockfill dam model (19) is arranged at the tank downstream, and the Rigid Dam body Model (12) is arranged at institute
State between tank forebay (2) and the earth and rockfill dam model (19), the tank forebay (2) and the Rigid Dam body Model (12) it
Between set to set to be used to insert in septalium, the septalium in tank between at least two storage capacity, two storage capacity and use
The water filling device to tank forebay (2) water filling is provided for above the dividing plate for separating two storage capacity, the tank
(1), the water delivery pipeline system (15) is arranged at below the tank and by first order septalium (7) and Rigid Dam body Model
(12) first order storage capacity (8) between is connected with the tank forebay (2), and the water delivery pipeline system (15) includes water inlet
(14), emptying valve (16), flow control valve (17) and delivery port (18), the water inlet (14) and the tank forebay
(2) bottom is connected, and the delivery port (18) is connected with the bottom of the first order storage capacity (8), the emptying valve (16) and stream
Control valve door (17) is set in turn on the pipeline between the water inlet (14) and the delivery port (18).
2. the step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the water filling device (1)
For right angle trigonometry weir.
3. the step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the tank forebay 2 with
The water level difference Z of first order storage capacity 8 is met：CoFor the discharge coefficient of right angled triangle sharp-crested weir, H4For
Head on weirs, μ is to flow discharge coefficient, and g is acceleration of gravity, R1For the radius of water inlet 14.
4. the step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rigid dam body mould
Type (12) bottom is connected by bearing (13) with the bottom of gullet, Rigid Dam body Model (12) top and the fixed branch
Rack device (11) is connected, and the fixed support device (11) is connected with the support bar (9) being arranged on the tank.
5. the step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the earth and rockfill dam model
(19) height H1, Rigid Dam body Model (12) height H2, tank height H3Between should meet：H1≤H2≤H3。
6. the step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the water filling device (1)
Discharge capacity is less than or equal to water inlet (14) discharge capacity below the tank forebay (2).
7. the step dam break experimental provision of variable storage capacity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aqueduct system
(15) water inlet (14) discharge capacity is less than or equal to emptying valve (16) discharge capacity in system；Water inlet (14) discharge capacity is less than
Equal to the discharge capacity of delivery port (18).
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| CN108535450A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-09-14 | 河南中亚交建集团有限公司 | A kind of flood overflows simulation laboratory test device and method of the dike to embankment erosion damage |
| CN111021304A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Dam burst test composite simulation device and method based on real-time storage capacity adjustment |
| CN114894691A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Test system and method for determining permeability coefficient of homogeneous dam material |
| CN111021304B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2024-04-19 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Dam breaking test composite simulation device and method based on real-time reservoir capacity adjustment |
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| CN111021304A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Dam burst test composite simulation device and method based on real-time storage capacity adjustment |
| CN111021304B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2024-04-19 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Dam breaking test composite simulation device and method based on real-time reservoir capacity adjustment |
| CN114894691A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Test system and method for determining permeability coefficient of homogeneous dam material |
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