Background
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) has high flexibility, impact resistance, good intermiscibility with filler and good heat sealing performance, and is widely applied to the fields of wires and cables, packaging films, hot melt adhesives, toys and the like. However, EVA is a flammable material, is easy to cause fire in the using process, and has great threat to the property and personal safety of people, thereby limiting the application field of the EVA. In order to improve the flame retardant property of EVA, adding a flame retardant into EVA is a common flame retardant mode. Although the traditional halogen flame retardant can bring good flame retardant performance to materials, a large amount of smoke and toxic and corrosive hydrogen halide gas are generated in the combustion process, and the traditional halogen flame retardant does not meet the requirement of environment-friendly development and is forbidden to be used. The expansion flame-retardant system can provide good flame-retardant performance for the material, but the problems of poor compatibility with the polymer, easy agglomeration, poor water resistance, serious reduction of the physical and mechanical properties of the material and the like are not effectively solved, so that the wide application of the material is limited. The metal hydroxide is non-volatile, does not generate toxic and harmful gases, is considered to be the flame retardant with the most development prospect, and is favored by people. However, when the metal hydroxide is used for flame-retardant polyolefin, the flame-retardant property is required to reach a certain level, and the addition amount is usually over 60 percent, so that the processing property and the mechanical property of the composite material are seriously influenced by the large addition amount. The search for a proper flame retardant synergist to generate a synergistic effect with metal hydroxide so as to improve the flame retardant efficiency and reduce the addition amount so as to improve the processing performance and the mechanical property of the composite material is the current popular research direction.
The graphene is formed by carbon atoms sp2The hybrid orbitals constitute a new carbon material with hexagonal honeycomb lattices, which has raised the hot trend of research due to its excellent properties. The application research result of the graphene in the flame retardant aspect preliminarily shows that compared with other flame retardants, the graphene has relatively good flame retardant performance only by a small amount.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material with less addition of a metal hydroxide flame retardant, good dispersibility, excellent flame retardance and excellent mechanical properties and a preparation method thereof.
An ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
specifically, the VA content in the EVA resin is 10-35%.
Specifically, the grafting ratio of the maleic anhydride grafted EVA is 1.5%. High grafting rate EVA-g-MAH from Exxon Mobil, USA can be selected; of course, the preparation can also be carried out by the existing method.
Specifically, the modified aluminum hydroxide is prepared by the following method: drying aluminum hydroxide at 100-110 ℃ for 5-10h, and then adding distilled water to obtain a material, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum hydroxide to the distilled water is (4-3): (2-1); then putting the materials into a constant-temperature water bath kettle, heating to 40-50 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 4500-5500 r/min; then adding titanate coupling agent, stirring continuously for 1-3h at 4000-4500r/min, wherein the adding amount of the titanate coupling agent is 5-10% of the mass of the aluminum hydroxide, emulsifying, performing suction filtration, drying at 100-110 ℃ for 3-5h, grinding and sieving to obtain the modified aluminum hydroxide.
Specifically, the particle size of the modified aluminum hydroxide is 1-5 um.
Specifically, the functionalized graphene is prepared by the following method: (1) placing graphene carbon in a mixed acid solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid with a volume ratio of 3:1, treating for 24 hours under ultrasonic oscillation and mechanical stirring, then washing with a large amount of deionized water to be neutral, oxidizing with a potassium permanganate solution for 12 hours, then washing with a large amount of deionized water to be neutral, and vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ for 24-36 hours; (2) taking the dried product in the step (1), adding a proper amount of dioxane, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-2h, then stirring for 1-2h under the condition of nitrogen protection and ice water bath, wherein the stirring speed is 300-500r/min, and then adding the mixture in a mass ratio (5-1) to graphene: 1 of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), stirring and dissolving, then adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 5-10% of the mass of the graphene, stirring for 3-5h, wherein the stirring speed is 500-550 r/min; (3) and after the reaction is finished, centrifuging to remove reaction liquid, washing for 3-5 times by using tetrahydrofuran, centrifuging, and drying the centrifuged product in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 24-36h to obtain the functionalized graphene.
Specifically, the antioxidant is a compound of a hindered phenol antioxidant 1010 and a phosphite antioxidant 168 according to a mass ratio of (1-3) to (3-1).
Specifically, the plasticizer is one of epoxidized soybean oil, dioctyl terephthalate and dibutyl phthalate.
Specifically, the cross-linking agent is one of dicumyl peroxide and benzoyl peroxide.
Further, the preparation method of the ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) putting EVA resin, maleic anhydride grafted EVA, modified aluminum hydroxide, functionalized graphene, an antioxidant and a plasticizer into an internal mixer according to parts by weight, mixing for 10-20min at the mixing temperature of 100-120 ℃ and the rotation speed of 50-100 r/min;
(2) adding a cross-linking agent into the material mixed in the step (1) and continuously mixing, wherein the mixing time is 20-30min, the mixing temperature is 110-115 ℃, and the rotating speed is 50-120 r/min;
(3) and (3) pouring the mixed material obtained in the step (2) into a granulator for granulation to obtain the ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material, the maleic anhydride grafted EVA resin with a high grafting rate of 1.5% is selected, so that the material has excellent viscosity, and the compatibility of each material in the EVA resin can be increased; after the surface of the aluminum hydroxide is modified, the water absorption and oil absorption values of the aluminum hydroxide are reduced, the dispersibility and the thermal decomposition are improved, the aluminum hydroxide is blended and modified with a titanate coupling agent to obtain modified aluminum hydroxide powder with the particle size of 1-5um, the modified aluminum hydroxide powder is not agglomerated in resin through good synergistic effect with maleic anhydride grafted EVA resin, the dispersibility of the aluminum hydroxide powder is improved, the mechanical property is greatly improved, the apparent property is obviously enhanced, and the flame retardant property of the aluminum hydroxide is effectively improved.
(2) According to the ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material, the surface of the modified graphene contains a large number of active groups, so that the interface bonding force of a system is improved, and the bonding strength of the system is enhanced; the addition of the DOPD modified graphene is beneficial to improving the dispersibility of the modified aluminum hydroxide in the EVA resin and reducing the addition of aluminum hydroxide powder; meanwhile, under the synergistic effect of the modified graphene, the crosslinking density and softening layer of the EVA composite material after primary degradation are further improved, and an inorganic carbonization layer can be generated during material combustion to form an oxygen barrier film, so that combustion is inhibited, and the oxygen index of the flame-retardant system is greatly improved.
(3) The ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material disclosed by the invention is reasonable in formula, good in flame-retardant property and mechanical property, simple and convenient in preparation method, easy to realize and low in operation cost, and related raw materials are easily available and easy to process, so that the ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material is suitable for large-scale production in industry.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
An ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the VA content in the EVA resin is 25%.
The grafting rate of the maleic anhydride grafted EVA is 1.5%.
The modified aluminum hydroxide is prepared by the following method: drying aluminum hydroxide at 110 ℃ for 5-10h, and then adding distilled water to obtain a material, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum hydroxide to the distilled water is 3: 2; then putting the materials into a constant-temperature water bath kettle, heating to 50 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 4500 r/min; and then adding a titanate coupling agent, continuously stirring for 2 hours at 4000r/min, wherein the adding amount of the titanate coupling agent is 10 percent of the mass of the aluminum hydroxide, emulsifying, performing suction filtration, drying for 5 hours at 110 ℃, and grinding and sieving to obtain the modified aluminum hydroxide with the particle size of 1 um.
The functionalized graphene is prepared by the following method: (1) placing graphene carbon in a mixed acid solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid with a volume ratio of 3:1, treating for 24 hours under ultrasonic oscillation and mechanical stirring, then washing with a large amount of deionized water to be neutral, oxidizing with a potassium permanganate solution for 12 hours, then washing with a large amount of deionized water to be neutral, and vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ for 36 hours; (2) taking the dried product in the step (1), adding a proper amount of dioxane, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours, then performing nitrogen protection, stirring for 2 hours under the ice-water bath condition, wherein the stirring speed is 300r/min, and then adding a solvent which is mixed with graphene in a mass ratio of 3:1, stirring and dissolving 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, adding a silane coupling agent KH-550 accounting for 10% of the mass of the graphene, and stirring for 3 hours at the stirring speed of 550 r/min; (3) and after the reaction is finished, centrifuging to remove the reaction liquid, washing for 4 times by using tetrahydrofuran, centrifuging, and drying the centrifuged product in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the functionalized graphene.
The antioxidant is a compound of hindered phenol antioxidant 1010 and phosphite antioxidant 168 in a mass ratio of 1: 3.
A preparation method of an ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) putting EVA resin, maleic anhydride grafted EVA, modified aluminum hydroxide, functionalized graphene, an antioxidant and a plasticizer into an internal mixer according to parts by weight, mixing for 10min at the mixing temperature of 120 ℃ and the rotation speed of 50 r/min;
(2) adding a cross-linking agent into the material mixed in the step (1) and continuously mixing, wherein the mixing time is 30min, the mixing temperature is 110 ℃, and the rotating speed is 120 r/min;
(3) and (3) pouring the mixed material obtained in the step (2) into a granulator for granulation to obtain the ATH/graphene synergistic flame-retardant EVA material.
Examples 2-6 are shown in Table 1, and comparative examples 1-5 are substantially the same as example 1 except for the differences shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Performance testing is shown in Table 3
TABLE 3
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.