CN107088649A - A kind of magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method - Google Patents
A kind of magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107088649A CN107088649A CN201710378168.XA CN201710378168A CN107088649A CN 107088649 A CN107088649 A CN 107088649A CN 201710378168 A CN201710378168 A CN 201710378168A CN 107088649 A CN107088649 A CN 107088649A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
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Abstract
The invention belongs to light-alloy manufacture field, and in particular to a kind of magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method.This method comprises the following steps：Alloy melting, melt conveying, ultrasonically treated lower coagulation forming, the ultrasonic field processing magnesium alloy fused mass of the very fast real-time change of pull-in frequency during semi-continuous casting, realize the quasi real time tracking to metal bath resonant frequency, the liquid cave melt during whole semi-continuous casting is continuously under ultrasound resonance processing, realize the ultrasonic continuous high-efficient processing of magnesium alloy fused mass process of setting.Ultrasonic radiation bar is stretched into magnesium alloy fused mass by the present invention during magnesium alloy semi-continuous casting, cavitation effect and acoustic streaming effect caused by variable-frequency ultrasound is directly acted on the magnesium alloy fused mass solidified.The present invention can significantly change magnesium alloy solidification behavior, and thinning microstructure improves the uniformity of ingot blank solidified structure, improves the mechanical property of magnesium alloy billet, significantly reduce billet casting flaw, greatly improves the quality of magnesium alloy ingot blank.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to light-alloy manufacture field, and in particular to a kind of magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method.
Technical background
Magnesium alloy has density light, and specific strength, specific stiffness are high, and electromagnetic wave shielding is good, and the advantages of damping capacity is good makes its extensive
Apply in multiple fields such as communications and transportation, Aero-Space, science and techniques of defence and 3C electronics, be described as " the green engineering material of 21 century
Material ".
D.C.casting casting is the main mode of production of current magnesium alloy ingot blank, and its general principle is to introduce magnesium alloy fused mass
In the crystallizer of circulating water, after magnesium alloy fused mass is frozen into green shell, pulled it with dummy device, continue water spray cold
But until forming ingot casting.Semi-continuous casting has productivity ratio high, and casting cost is low, simple operation and other advantages.
However, during semi-continuous casting, because magnesium alloy low-heat is molten, low ablation heat, the low capacity of heat transmission the features such as, make
It solidifies radiating difficulty, and solidification border is big with melt central temperature difference, so as to cause solidified structure tissue coarse grains, dendrite
Prosperity, tissue odds, the shortcomings of solute element gross segregation is serious.Simultaneously as magnesium alloy is inflammable, big solidification shrinkage is when high
Hydrogen solubility the features such as, be easily caused that ingot casting casting stress is big, tissue looseness is serious.Therefore, production fine grain, uniform, pure is tried
Net magnesium alloy ingot blank is the target that magnesium alloy manufacture field is pursued.
In recent years, the technology for applying outfield change alloy graining behavior during semi-continuous casting is developed rapidly.
Wherein, based on the application electromagnetic field during semi-continuous casting and ultrasonic field, Northeastern University develops light-alloy electromagnetism and partly connected
The technology of continuous casting.However, there is Kelvin effect, the i.e. magnesium alloy fused mass further away from coil in magnesium alloy fused mass in electromagnetic field effect
Smaller by electromagnetic field effect, which limits its application in the production of big specification magnesium alloy ingot blank.The Vladimir in the U.S.
Ivanovich et al. has invented the ultrasonic continuous casting method of light-alloy, and passes through its thinning effect of experimental verification；Beijing has
Influences of the Zhang Kang of the total institute of non-ferrous metal research et al. to ultrasonication magnesium alloy cast tissue is studied；Northeastern University is to magnesium
The ultrasonically treated cavitation effect of alloy and its Refining Mechanism are studied.Ultrasonic field can produce sky when acting on magnesium alloy fused mass
Change effect and acoustic streaming effect, both sound cause nonlinear effect to promote heterogeneous forming core, stir melt, produce crystal grain refinement,
The effect of even tissue.
There is the serious and frequency drift two that decays in the ultrasonic D.C.casting technology of existing fixed frequency.Because ultrasonic field exists
Decay in magnesium alloy fused mass serious, cause ultrasonic field sphere of action limited, its sphere of action is limited near ultrasound emission face
The region of very little, and it is unfavorable for the production of major diameter ingot blank.Simultaneously as physical properties of melt parameter is not perseverance in D.C.casting production
Fixed constant, causing the resonant frequency of melt can change, and existing fixed frequency ultrasonic field is difficult to overcome this because of resonant frequency
The phenomenon for changing and causing sound to cause nonlinear effect to weaken.It is thus impossible to give full play to the crystal grain thinning that ultrasonic place is brought,
Even tissue equivalent fruit.
It is highly denser that Nanjing acoustic investigation institute Feng Nuo et al. research points out that the ultrasonic wave collective effect of multi-frequency can be produced
The cavitation bubble of degree, significantly increases cavitation effect, and these highdensity cavitation bubbles influence each other can also strengthen acoustic streaming effect.Cause
This, if supersonic frequency alterable and change quickly, can have the ultrasonic wave of multi-frequency in melt in the same time, these surpass
Being overlapped mutually for sound wave can significantly increase sound cause nonlinear effect.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the magnesium alloy vertical type semi-continuous casting method under a kind of variable-frequency ultrasound field action, pin
To the various problems present in the semi-continuous casting of existing magnesium alloy outfield, while in order to give full play to ultrasonic field in magnesium alloy fused mass
In effect, enhancing cavitation, acoustic streaming effect significantly improve magnesium alloy ingot blank institutional framework and component distributing, improve ingot casting performance.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, it comprises the following steps：It is alloy melting, melt conveying, super
Casting under sonication, the ultrasonic field processing magnesium alloy of the pull-in frequency very fast change in real time during semi-continuous casting melts
Body, makes all magnesium alloy fused mass be under the processing of continuous frequency conversion rate ultrasonic field.
Described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: carrying out dispensing to alloy, the fusing and refining of alloy are carried out in smelting furnace, insulation is then carried out quiet
Put, adjust temperature；
Step 2: in order to prevent heat scatters and disappears from influenceing process of setting, to the tundish, chute and ultrasound of semicontinuous casting machine
Radiation is preheated；
Step 3: dummy bar is stretched into crystallizer, the cooling water in crystallizer is opened；Magnesium alloy fused mass first imports centre
Wrap, import crystallizer again, by refining and standing and reach that the magnesium alloy fused mass of design temperature is middle via catheter importing
Bag, and the liquid level in tundish is controlled by flow control mouth；Then tundish pouring mouth passage is opened, makes magnesium alloy fused mass
Crystallizer is flowed into, and controls head to control liquid level in crystallizer by the flow at pouring mouth；
Step 4: the casting speed for opening casting machine setting is cast, liquid in variable-frequency ultrasound system, device to be crystallized is opened
The ultrasonic radiation bar by preheating is inserted in crystallizer below liquid level after face is stable, and ultrasound is adjusted by ultrasonic control software
Frequency and power, ingot blank is pulled out by dummy bar to be terminated until casting.
Described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, variable-frequency ultrasound system provide ultrasonic fundamental frequency be
15kHz~25kHz, frequency range is ± 2, and supersonic frequency rate of change scope is 20~500 times/second, ultrasonic power model
Enclose for 0.5~6kW.
Described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, casts billet 50~500mm of diameter, casting speed scope
20~300mm/min, is adjusted according to the billet trade mark and specification；Melt temperature in tundish is controlled higher than liquidus curve temperature
50~100 DEG C of degree, for AZ systems magnesium alloy, its temperature is higher than 50~80 DEG C of liquidus curve；Closed for ZK systems or other rear earth containing magnesium
Its golden temperature is higher than 80~100 DEG C of liquidus curve.
Magnesium alloy fused mass in described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, ultrasonic radiation bar insertion crystallizer
20~80mm below liquid level, ultrasonic radiation bar insertion position and insertion depth change according to different casting conditions and alloy designations
Become；The positioning of ultrasonic radiation bar is accurately positioned by the achievable three-dimensional of step motor control and maintains stable ultrasonic frame control,
Or the positioning of ultrasonic radiation bar is controlled by the manipulator that lifting, rotation and locomotive function can be achieved.
In described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, step 2, preheating is heated to melt using resistance furnace
Temperature simultaneously keeps 0.5~1h；Or, preheating is baked to corresponding melt temperature using acetylene；Preheating temperature is detected with infrared temperature
Instrument is detected.
In described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, step 3, treat that the melt in tundish reaches centre
Bag height 80% when, open tundish pouring mouth passage；In casting process, in tundish melt height in tundish height 60
~80%.
Described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, in casting process, ultrasound occurs, cooled down and introgressive line
The flow that bulk cargo is put is as follows：Variable-frequency ultrasound power supply → variable-frequency ultrasound transducer → ultrasonic wave guide rod → ultrasonic radiation bar → magnesium alloy
Melt；Used variable-frequency ultrasound transducer includes piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer and magnetostriction ultrasonic transducer；It is super for piezoelectricity
Sonic transducer, using gas cooling device to ensure that the operating temperature of whole variable-frequency ultrasound system is less than 40 DEG C, gas cooling is filled
Put the cooler bin for having dry ice or liquid nitrogen using vortex cooling tube or using inside；For magnetostriction ultrasonic transducer, using following
Ring water cooling.
In described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, step 4, crystallizer stream is imported in magnesium alloy fused mass
It is dynamic it is in stable condition after, then ultrasonic radiation bar inserted into crystallizer, inputs ultrasonic wave, and ultrasound parameter is adjusted according to casting case.
Described magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, in casting process, melt enters tundish and entrance
It is intended to be protected using protective gas during the entire process of crystallizer, to avoid secondary oxidation and burning；In casting process,
Variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting technology and electromagnetism semi-continuous casting technology can be coordinated and used simultaneously, electromagnetism can be reduced semicontinuous
" Kelvin effect " caused by foundry engieering.
The present invention design philosophy be：
During semi-continuous casting, to the casting condition and casting temperature set, there is a fixed resonance frequency
Rate fL, with the progress of casting, the fluctuation of casting condition and melt temperature can make resonant frequency fLProduce a Δ fLFluctuation,
It is exactly so-called frequency drift, conventional ultrasound treatment technology can not meet resonant frequency in real time because frequency fixation can not change.
Ultrasonic field produced by variable-frequency ultrasound system is in fundamental frequency fUSNeighbouring Δ fUSIn the range of very fast change, and fUS+ΔfUSIt is much larger than
And include fL+ΔfL；Because frequency changes very fast, it can reach to resonant frequency fL+ΔfLQuasi real time tracking and solve frequency
Rate drifting problem.Variable-frequency ultrasound can not only solve the problem of supersonic frequency is drifted about, simultaneously because the enhancing of cavitation effect is also
The adverse effect that ultrasonic attenuation is brought can be reduced to a certain extent.Therefore, the present invention is closed using a kind of ultrasonic magnesium of continuous frequency conversion
Golden semi-continuous casting method, greatly reinforces ultrasound non-linear effect, strengthens Fine by Ultrasonic effect, gives full play to ultrasonic energy conduct
A kind of cleaning, effect of the environmentally friendly energy during magnesium alloy D.C.casting, produce purer, uniform, fine grain magnesium alloy
Ingot blank.
The present invention is had the advantages that by above technological means：
(1) the ultrasonic generation system of the present invention can produce a kind of ultrasonic field for continuing frequency conversion, shaking, due to frequency change quickly
There can be the ultrasonic wave of multi-frequency in the melt simultaneously and melt resonant frequency is realized and quasi real time track, magnesium can be effectively improved
During alloy semi-continuous casting supersonic frequency drift caused by can not in real time resonance the problem of.Meanwhile, these different frequencies
Ultrasonic wave, it, which interacts, can strengthen the sound intensity, increase cavitation bubble quantity, so as to greatly reinforce ultrasound cavitation effect and acoustic streaming effect
Should.
(2) ultrasonic power of the present invention and frequency can be directed to different magnesium alloys, different cast bars by special-purpose software control
Part is adjusted, and is optimal treatment effect, and the magnesium alloy element gross segregation produced is substantially reduced, and crystal grain declines to a great extent,
Mechanical property is significantly improved, and yield rate can also be significantly improved.
(3) ultrasonic device of the present invention is fixed on is accurately positioned on ultrasonic frame by the achievable three-dimensional of step motor control.Can
For different working conditions, ultrasonic radiation bar active position, depth of interaction are adjusted at any time.
(4) present invention is using a kind of compression of air or circulating water cooling device, it is ensured that ultrasonic device can be in high temperature
Optimum Working is still kept under environment, to reach optimum efficiency.
(5) the ultrasonic energy is pollution-free as the cleaning ambient friendly energy, can not only be used in the semicontinuous casting of magnesium alloy
Make, other light-alloys such as aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy can also be used in.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ultrasonic semi-continuous casting device of continuous frequency conversion of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is tundish structure schematic diagram used in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is cooler bin structural representation used herein；
Fig. 4 is that apparatus of the present invention constitute flow chart；
Fig. 5 occurs for present invention ultrasound, cooled down and import system device composition schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the carry out structure observation sampling point and sample size schematic diagram in embodiment on circular ingot blank cross section；
Fig. 7 is the carry out tension test sampling schematic diagram in embodiment on circular ingot blank longitudinal section；Wherein, (a) is stretching
Sample；(b) it is circular ingot blank longitudinal section.
Fig. 8 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting side shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingIngot blank tissue contrast；Wherein, locate centered on (a)；(b) at 1/2R；(c) it is edge.
Fig. 9 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting side shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingThe gross segregation of ingot blank host element is contrasted.
Figure 10 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingIngot blank tensile mechanical properties are contrasted.
Figure 11 (a) is that tradition DC castings of the invention, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and frequency conversion shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention surpass
The AZ80 magnesium alloys of sound D.C.casting method castingIngot blank metallographic structure contrasts (at center, 1/2R and edge)；Figure 11
(b) the cross section macrostructure of ingot blank is cast for tradition DC；The macroscopical group in cross section of Figure 11 (c) single-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting ingot blank
Knit；The cross section macrostructure of Figure 11 (d) variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting ingot blanks.
Simulated under the conditions of the AZ80 that Figure 12 casts for variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting method shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention using simulation softward
At melt center, 1/2R, edge acoustic pressure distribution.
Figure 13 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingIngot blank tissue contrast (at center, 1/2R and edge).
Figure 14 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingIngot blank hardness test result.
Figure 15 is the AZ80 magnesium alloys that tradition DC is cast and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting method shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention is castIngot blank macrostructure contrasts.Wherein, (a) tradition DC is cast；(b) variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting.
In figure：1 variable-frequency ultrasound power supply；2 dummy bar heads；3 magnesium alloy ingot blanks；4 magnesium alloy fused mass；5 crystallizers；6 tundish；7
Smelting furnace；8 catheters；9 variable-frequency ultrasound transducers；10 ultrasonic wave guide rods；11 ultrasonic radiation bars；12 vortex cooling tubes；13 ultrasounds
Frame；14 tundish pouring mouth passages；15 flows control head；16 tundish outer walls；17 tundish heat-insulation layers；18 compression rings；19 cooler bins
Body；20 tracheaes；21 dry ice or liquid nitrogen.
Embodiment
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, magnesium alloy continuous ultrasound semi-continuous casting device of the present invention, for magnesium alloy production line
Alloy melt carries out Fine by Ultrasonic crystal grain, and mechanical property, including variable-frequency ultrasound system and semi-continuous casting system are improved by uniform formation
System.Described variable-frequency ultrasound system includes variable-frequency ultrasound power supply 1, variable-frequency ultrasound transducer 9, ultrasonic wave guide rod 10, ultrasonic radiation
Bar 11, gas cooling device (vortex cooling tube 12 or cooler bin) and the ultrasonic frame 13 of accurate positioning device, variable-frequency ultrasound power supply 1 and
Computer is by cable connection, to control variable-frequency ultrasound frequency and power, variable-frequency ultrasound transducer 9, ultrasonic wave guide rod 10, ultrasonic radiation
Bar 11 by being set gradually from top to bottom, and variable-frequency ultrasound transducer 9 and ultrasonic wave guide rod 10 are closely connected by screw thread, ultrasound waveguide
Bar 10 and ultrasonic radiation bar 11 are closely connected by screw thread, frequency conversion ultrasonic transducer 9, ultrasonic wave guide rod 10, ultrasonic spoke during operation
Penetrate bar 11 to be fixed on ultrasonic frame 13, ultrasonic frame 13 can realize that three-dimensional is accurately positioned by step motor control, ultrasonic radiation bar
Inside 11 insertion alloy melts, gas cooling device is located on ultrasonic frame 13；Described D.C.casting system include smelting furnace 7, in
Between bag 6, crystallizer 5 and dummy bar head 2, crystallizer 5 is fixed on casting platform, can moved left and right, by dummy bar head 2 before casting
Go deep into inside crystallizer 5, connected between smelting furnace 7 and tundish 6 by catheter 8, after the crystallized device 5 of melt, in dummy bar head 2
Magnesium alloy ingot blank 3 is formed on top.
Wherein, tundish 6 is provided with tundish pouring mouth passage 14, flow control first 15, tundish outer wall 16, tundish insulation
Layer 17, compression ring 18, the top of tundish set compression ring 18, and one end of compression ring 18 of tundish 6 is connected with protective gas gas tank, compression ring
18 inner circle sides are provided with several stomatas, and protection gas is passed through in tundish 6 by compression ring 18, to protect the magnesium alloy in tundish
Melt；The side and bottom surface of tundish 6 are three-decker from outside to inside：Tundish outer wall 16, the and of tundish heat-insulation layer 17
Tundish inwall, the side of tundish sets tundish pouring mouth passage 14, between tundish pouring mouth passage 14 and tundish inner chamber
Open up outlet and by the first 15 control outlet size (Fig. 2) of flow control.Gas cooling device uses cooler bin, and cooler bin includes cold
But casing 19 and tracheae 20, one end of tracheae 20 is air inlet, and the other end of tracheae 20 is to place in gas outlet, cooling box 19
Dry ice imports liquid nitrogen (Fig. 3).
As shown in figure 4, the flow of apparatus of the present invention is as follows：Crucible for smelting stove → catheter → tundish → crystallizer → vertical
Formula semicontinuous casting machine → magnesium alloy ingot blank.Wherein, crucible for smelting stove is connected with compression system and heated for controlling temperature system respectively, in
Between bag and crystallizer respectively with protect gas system be connected, crystallizer is connected with variable-frequency ultrasound system.
As shown in figure 5, the flow of the generation of present invention ultrasound, cooling and import system device is as follows：Variable-frequency ultrasound power supply →
Variable-frequency ultrasound transducer → ultrasonic wave guide rod → ultrasonic radiation bar → magnesium alloy fused mass.Wherein, variable-frequency ultrasound power supply and parameter control
Software connection processed, used variable-frequency ultrasound transducer includes piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer and magnetostriction ultrasonic transducer；For
Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is connected with the outlet of piezoelectric supersonic cooling system, piezoelectric supersonic cooling system
Flow is：Air compressor → air dryer → gas cylinder → gas cooling device (vortex cooling tube or cooler bin) is connected to piezoelectricity
Ultrasonic transducer, is less than 40 DEG C, gas cooling using gas cooling device with the operating temperature for ensureing whole variable-frequency ultrasound system
Device has the cooler bin of dry ice or liquid nitrogen using vortex cooling tube or using inside；For magnetostriction ultrasonic transducer, mangneto
Flexible ultrasonic transducer is connected with magnetostrictive ultrasonic cooling system, and magnetostrictive ultrasonic cooling system uses circulating water,
Its flow is：Water pump → circulating water pipeline is connected to variable-frequency ultrasound transducer.
As shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 5, the operation principle of magnesium alloy continuous ultrasound semi-continuous casting device of the present invention is：Will be continuous
Variable-frequency ultrasound is introduced during magnesium alloy semi-continuous casting, makes the magnesium alloy fused mass 4 in crystallizer in continuous frequency conversion ultrasonic field
Effect is lower to be solidified.Melted magnesium alloy fused mass 4 is stood in smelting furnace 7, tundish is then imported by catheter 8
In 6, then via in the inflow crystallizer 5 of tundish pouring mouth passage 14.Variable-frequency ultrasound power supply 1 is connected with computer, and by control software
Its ultrasonic power, frequency and frequency variation rate are controlled, the high-frequency ac electric signal produced by variable-frequency ultrasound power supply 1 is by frequency conversion
Ultrasonic transducer 9 is converted into variable-frequency ultrasonic, amplifies ultrasonic energy using ultrasonic wave guide rod 10 and imports ultrasonic radiation bar 11,
Ultrasonic radiation bar 11 is inserted in magnesium alloy fused mass 4 again, so that continuous frequency conversion ultrasound is imported in magnesium alloy fused mass 4, makes ultrasound
Cavitation and acoustic streaming effect that place is produced act on the process of setting of magnesium alloy fused mass 4, and magnesium alloy fused mass 4 is attached in the wall of crystallizer 5
Nearly solidification forms green shell, then continues to be frozen into the magnesium alloy ingot blank 3 uniformly refined during dummy bar head 2 downwards traction,
Realize the magnesium alloy fused mass semi-continuous casting under variable-frequency ultrasound field action.
As shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 5, the present invention carries out magnesium alloy ingot change using magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting device
The method of the ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of frequency, its step is as follows：
Step 1: carrying out dispensing to alloy, the fusing and refining of alloy are carried out in smelting furnace 7, insulation is then carried out quiet
Put, adjust temperature.
Step 2: in order to prevent heat scatters and disappears from influenceing process of setting, pouring the tundish 6 and tundish of semicontinuous casting machine
The grade part of mouth passage 14 and ultrasonic radiation bar 11 are preheated.
Step 3: dummy bar head 2 is stretched into crystallizer, cooling water is opened, is set passing through refining and suitably standing and reach
The magnesium alloy fused mass 4 of constant temperature degree imports tundish via catheter, and passes through the liquid level in Stress control tundish；In treating
Between wrap in magnesium alloy fused mass 4 reach a certain height to when the 80% of tundish height open tundish pouring mouth passage, close magnesium
Golden melt 4 flows into crystallizer 5, and controls liquid level in first 15 control crystallizer by the flow at pouring mouth.
Step 4: the casting speed for opening casting machine setting is cast, open in variable-frequency ultrasound system, device 5 to be crystallized
The ultrasonic radiation bar by preheating is inserted in crystallizer below liquid level after liquid level stabilizing, and adjusts super by ultrasonic control software
Acoustic frequency and power, ingot blank is pulled out by dummy bar to be terminated until casting.
So as to which the magnesium for introducing the ultrasonic field of the very fast real-time change of frequency produced by variable-frequency ultrasound system in crystallizer is closed
Golden melt, realizes the quasi real time tracking to metal bath resonant frequency, holds the liquid cave melt during whole semi-continuous casting
The continuous ultrasonic continuous high-efficient processing that magnesium alloy fused mass process of setting is realized under ultrasound resonance processing.
In casting process, it is intended to during the entire process of magnesium alloy fused mass enters tundish and entrance crystallizer using guarantor
Protect gas (such as：Argon gas or other inert gas etc.) protected, to avoid secondary oxidation and burning.
As shown in Fig. 6~Fig. 7, in the embodiment of the present invention respectively on circular ingot blank cross section and circular ingot blank longitudinal section
Carry out tension test sampling.
Embodiments of the present invention are further illustrated with reference to specific embodiment：
Embodiment 1：ZK60 magnesium alloysIngot blank variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting
In the present embodiment, each dispensing is melted and refined in alloy smelting furnace according to the proportioning of ZK60 magnesium alloys；Treat
Tundish temperature starts casting when being 660 DEG C, insert ultrasonic radiation bar in casting process and melt is applied below melt liquid level
Plus continuous frequency conversion is ultrasonically treated, the compressed air in variable-frequency ultrasound system is entered using piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer and vortex cooling tube
Row cooling.
Casting technique condition：Casting speed 50mm/min；Will304 stainless steel ultrasonic radiation bars toasted with acetylene
To 600 DEG C；The ultrasonic fundamental frequency 21kHz of setting, time/second of frequency variation rate 500, ultrasonic power 2400W；In crystallizer
Cooling water flow 4.63t/h.
Fig. 8 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting side shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingIngot blank tissue contrast.It can be seen that, the inventive method is organized on whole ingot casting all more
Uniformly, it is tiny.
Fig. 9 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting side shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingThe gross segregation of ingot blank host element is contrasted.As seen from the figure, the ingot casting pivot of the inventive method
Plain gross segregation is lower, and tissue is evenly.
Figure 10 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingIngot blank tensile mechanical properties are contrasted.It can be seen that, the obtained ingot casting of the inventive method exists
All improved a lot in terms of tensile strength and elongation.Wherein, center portion tensile strength reaches 280MPa, and elongation reaches 8.9%.
Embodiment 2：AZ80 magnesium alloysIngot blank variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting
In the present embodiment, according to proportioning melting AZ80 magnesium alloys；Start casting when tundish temperature is 670 DEG C, in casting
Apply continuous frequency conversion during making to melt ultrasonically treated, using piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer and cooler bin in variable-frequency ultrasound system
Compressed air cooled down.
Casting technique condition：Casting speed：30mm/min, will304 stainless steel ultrasonic radiation bars dried with acetylene
Bake to 610 DEG C；The ultrasonic fundamental frequency 25kHz of setting, time/second of frequency variation rate 300, ultrasonic power 6000W；In crystallizer
Cooling water flow 11.3t/h.
Figure 11 (a)~(d) is that tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and frequency conversion shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention surpass
The AZ80 magnesium alloys of sound D.C.casting method castingIngot blank tissue contrast.It can be seen that, the inventive method is organized in whole casting
All be more uniformly distributed on ingot, it is tiny, while variable-frequency ultrasound can also reduce ingot casting columnar zone.
Simulated under the conditions of the AZ80 that Figure 12 casts for variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting method shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention using simulation softward
At melt center portion, 1/2R, the distribution of edge acoustic pressure.It can be seen that, single-frequency ultrasonic field is compared, continuous frequency conversion ultrasonic field is more shaken, produced
Raw acoustic pressure is higher.
Embodiment 3：ZK60 magnesium alloysIngot blank variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting
In the present embodiment, each dispensing is melted and refined in alloy smelting furnace according to the proportioning of ZK60 magnesium alloys；Treat
Tundish temperature starts casting when being 660 DEG C, insert ultrasonic radiation bar in casting process and melt is applied below melt liquid level
Plus continuous frequency conversion is ultrasonically treated, the compressed air in variable-frequency ultrasound system is entered using piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer and vortex cooling tube
Row cooling.
Casting technique condition：Casting speed：40mm/min, will304 stainless steel ultrasonic radiation bars dried with acetylene
Bake to 600 DEG C；The ultrasonic fundamental frequency 15kHz of setting, time/second of frequency variation rate 20, ultrasonic power 4000W；In crystallizer
Cooling water flow 5.34t/h.
Figure 13 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingIngot blank tissue contrast.It can be seen that, the inventive method is organized on whole ingot casting all more
To be uniform, tiny.
Figure 14 is tradition DC castings, traditional ultrasonic semi-continuous casting of single-frequency and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention
The ZK60 magnesium alloys of method castingIngot blank hardness test result.It can be seen that the present invention can improve the hardness of ingot casting.
Embodiment 4：AZ80 magnesium alloysIngot blank variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting
In the present embodiment, each dispensing is melted and refined in alloy smelting furnace according to the proportioning of AZ80 magnesium alloys；Treat
Tundish temperature starts casting when being 670 DEG C, insert ultrasonic radiation bar in casting process and melt is applied below melt liquid level
Plus continuous frequency conversion is ultrasonically treated, variable-frequency ultrasound system is carried out using magnetostriction ultrasonic transducer and circulating water cooling device cold
But.
Casting technique condition：Casting speed：40mm/min, will304 stainless steel ultrasonic radiation bars dried with acetylene
Bake to 600 DEG C；The ultrasonic fundamental frequency 22kHz of setting, time/second of frequency variation rate 400, ultrasonic power 4500W；In crystallizer
Cooling water flow 12.44t/h.
Figure 15 (a)~(b) is the AZ80 magnesium that tradition DC is cast and variable-frequency ultrasound D.C.casting method shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention is cast
AlloyIngot blank tissue contrast.It can be seen that, the ingot casting column crystal that the inventive method is obtained is smaller, and tissue is more uniformly distributed, carefully
It is small.
Embodiment result shows that ultrasonic radiation bar is stretched into magnesium alloy during magnesium alloy semi-continuous casting and melted by the present invention
Body, makes cavitation effect and acoustic streaming effect caused by variable-frequency ultrasound directly act on the magnesium alloy fused mass solidified.The present invention
Magnesium alloy solidification behavior can be significantly changed, thinning microstructure improves the uniformity of ingot blank solidified structure, improves the power of magnesium alloy billet
Performance is learned, billet casting flaw is significantly reduced, greatly improves the quality of magnesium alloy ingot blank.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method, it comprises the following steps：Alloy melting, melt conveying, ultrasound
The lower casting of processing, it is characterised in that：The ultrasonic field processing of the pull-in frequency very fast change in real time during semi-continuous casting
Magnesium alloy fused mass, makes all magnesium alloy fused mass be under the processing of continuous frequency conversion rate ultrasonic field.
2. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1: carrying out dispensing to alloy, the fusing and refining of alloy are carried out in smelting furnace, insulation standing is then carried out, adjusted
Whole temperature；
Step 2: in order to prevent heat scatters and disappears from influenceing process of setting, to the tundish, chute and ultrasonic radiation of semicontinuous casting machine
Bar is preheated；
Step 3: dummy bar is stretched into crystallizer, the cooling water in crystallizer is opened；Magnesium alloy fused mass first import tundish,
Crystallizer is imported again, by refining and standing and reach the magnesium alloy fused mass of design temperature via catheter importing tundish,
And the liquid level in tundish is controlled by flow control mouth；Then tundish pouring mouth passage is opened, makes magnesium alloy fused mass stream
Enter crystallizer, and control head to control liquid level in crystallizer by the flow at pouring mouth；
Step 4: the casting speed for opening casting machine setting is cast, liquid level in variable-frequency ultrasound system, device to be crystallized is opened steady
The ultrasonic radiation bar by preheating is inserted in crystallizer below liquid level after fixed, and supersonic frequency is adjusted by ultrasonic control software
And power, ingot blank is pulled out by dummy bar to be terminated until casting.
3. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Variable-frequency ultrasound system
The ultrasonic fundamental frequency of offer be 15kHz~25kHz, frequency range be ± 2, supersonic frequency rate of change scope be 20~
500 times/second, ultrasonic power scope is 0.5~6kW.
4. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Cast billet diameter
50~500mm, casting speed 20~300mm/min of scope, is adjusted according to the billet trade mark and specification；Melt in tundish
Temperature control is higher than 50~100 DEG C of liquidus temperature, and for AZ systems magnesium alloy, its temperature is higher than 50~80 DEG C of liquidus curve；For
ZK systems or other its temperature of rear earth containing magnesium alloy are higher than 80~100 DEG C of liquidus curve.
5. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Ultrasonic radiation bar is inserted
Enter 20~80mm below the magnesium alloy fused mass liquid level in crystallizer, ultrasonic radiation bar insertion position and insertion depth are according to different castings
Make condition and alloy designations and change；The positioning of ultrasonic radiation bar is accurately positioned and tieed up by the achievable three-dimensional of step motor control
Keep steady fixed ultrasonic frame control, or ultrasonic radiation bar positioning by can be achieved lifting, rotation and locomotive function manipulator Lai
Control.
6. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step 2, in advance
Heat is heated to melt temperature using resistance furnace and keeps 0.5~1h；Or, preheating is baked to corresponding melt temperature using acetylene；
Preheating temperature is detected with infrared temperature detector.
7. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step 3, treat
When melt in tundish reaches the 80% of tundish height, tundish pouring mouth passage is opened；In casting process, melted in tundish
Body height is the 60~80% of tundish height.
8. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In casting process
In, the flow of ultrasound generation, cooling and import system device is as follows：Variable-frequency ultrasound power supply → variable-frequency ultrasound transducer → ultrasonic wave
Guide rod → ultrasonic radiation bar → magnesium alloy fused mass；Used variable-frequency ultrasound transducer includes piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer and mangneto is stretched
Contracting ultrasonic transducer；For piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, using gas cooling device to ensure the work of whole variable-frequency ultrasound system
Temperature is less than 40 DEG C, and gas cooling device has the cooler bin of dry ice or liquid nitrogen using vortex cooling tube or using inside；For magnetic
Flexible ultrasonic transducer is caused, circulating water is used.
9. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step 4,
Magnesium alloy fused mass import crystallizer flow regime it is stable after, then ultrasonic radiation bar inserted into crystallizer, inputs ultrasonic wave, and according to
Casting case adjusts ultrasound parameter.
10. magnesium alloy variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In casting process
In, melt is intended to be protected using protective gas during the entire process of entering tundish and entrance crystallizer, secondary to avoid
Oxidation and burning；In casting process, variable-frequency ultrasound semi-continuous casting technology and electromagnetism semi-continuous casting technology can be matched somebody with somebody contract
When use, " Kelvin effect " caused by electromagnetism semi-continuous casting technology can be reduced.
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| CN110280746B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-05-07 | 中南大学 | Method for single-source high-intensity ultrasonic-assisted casting of large-specification 2XXX series aluminum alloy round ingot |
| CN113118401A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-16 | 武汉镁里镁科技有限公司 | Semi-continuous casting device and method for nonferrous metal |
| CN115069993A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-20 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Ingot and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115338380A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-11-15 | 天津宏镁科技有限公司 | Method and system for continuous casting of magnesium alloy |
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