CN107087620A - 含异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺的组合物 - Google Patents

含异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺的组合物 Download PDF

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CN107087620A
CN107087620A CN201710336392.2A CN201710336392A CN107087620A CN 107087620 A CN107087620 A CN 107087620A CN 201710336392 A CN201710336392 A CN 201710336392A CN 107087620 A CN107087620 A CN 107087620A
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种含异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺的协同组合物，其特征在于除了A组分的异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺以外，还包括至少一种其它的杀菌剂或杀虫剂作为B组分药剂，以及农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂，制成常规的农药制剂，并应用于防治植物病虫害。

Description

含异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺的组合物
技术领域
本发明属于农药应用技术领域，涉及一种农药组合物，具体的说是一种含异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺的组合物，应用于防治植物病虫害。
背景技术
在农业生产过程中，植物病虫害发生严重，危害植物根、茎、叶等部位，以及果实、种子、块茎等繁殖器官，使作物产量锐减，品质下降严重。病虫害发生严重时，导致作物绝收。因此，植物病虫害在生产实际上具有重要的防治意义，杀菌剂或杀虫剂是防治植物病虫害最为经济、快捷而有效的方法。
并且，在实际生产中，植物病虫害往往同时发生，如种传、土传病害和地下害虫，叶面病害和叶部害虫等常常同时发生，单一使用杀菌剂或杀虫剂，并不能很好地解决生产实际中的植物病虫害危害问题。将杀菌剂和杀虫剂混配，可弥补这种不足，两者优势互补，可扩大防治谱，综合有效控制病虫害危害，在生产实践中成为深受欢迎的应用形式。尤其是具有协同作用的杀菌剂和杀虫剂，各有效组分间相互作用，使组合效果优于单独使用效果的理论总和，因而在实际使用时可起到事半功倍的效果，更受使用者青睐。
异噻菌胺(isotianil)属诱导植物抗病性药剂，通过诱导植物产生抗病性反应，抵御病原菌侵染。主要用于防治水稻稻瘟病和水稻白叶枯病，也可防治小麦白粉病、黄瓜炭疽病、黄瓜细菌性角斑病等病害。结构式如下：
氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen，CAS登录号为1228284-64-7)是一种新颖的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，对多种作物上的真菌病害表现出优良防效。
精甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)、咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、噁霉灵(hymexazol)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、种菌唑(metconazole)、灭菌唑(triticonazole)、三唑醇(triadimenol)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、高效烯唑醇(diniconazole-M)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、叶菌唑(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、异菌脲(iprodione)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)、嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、春雷霉素(kasugamycin及kasugamycin hydrochloride)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)是多种广谱性杀菌剂，呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、乙虫腈(ethiprole)、三氟苯嘧啶(triflumezopyrim)是多种广谱性杀虫剂。上述药剂对多种病害或虫害表现出优良防效。
本发明经过大量的配方筛选试验研究发现，当异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺的组合物与精甲霜灵、咯菌腈、咪鲜胺、噁霉灵、硅噻菌胺、种菌唑、灭菌唑、三唑醇、烯唑醇、高效烯唑醇、氟菌唑、叶菌唑、腈菌唑、硅氟唑、四氟醚唑、苯醚甲环唑、稻瘟酯、咪唑菌酮、异菌脲、氟嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、肟菌酯、春雷霉素、己唑醇、烯丙苯噻唑、呋虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、螺虫乙酯、毒死蜱、丁硫克百威、乙虫腈、三氟苯嘧啶中的一种或一种以上药剂任意组合时，显示出令人惊讶的杀虫杀菌效果，即表现出良好的协同作用，实际效果明显优于单独使用的理论总和，在生产上具有非常广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明涉及协同组合物，包括活性成分A和B，所述的活性成分A为异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺，所述的活性成分B为精甲霜灵、咯菌腈、咪鲜胺、噁霉灵、硅噻菌胺、种菌唑、灭菌唑、三唑醇、烯唑醇、高效烯唑醇、氟菌唑、叶菌唑、腈菌唑、硅氟唑、四氟醚唑、苯醚甲环唑、稻瘟酯、咪唑菌酮、异菌脲、氟嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、肟菌酯、春雷霉素、己唑醇、烯丙苯噻唑、呋虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、螺虫乙酯、毒死蜱、丁硫克百威、乙虫腈、三氟苯嘧啶中的一种或一种以上组合。此外，还包括农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂。
所述组合物可以特别良好的效果用于防治各种有用作物中的植物病虫害，所述有用作物包括但不限于常规育种作物、转基因作物、无性繁殖作物及无性繁殖材料、驯化栽培的野生植物等，特别适用于防治水稻、小麦、草莓、白菜、马铃薯、玉米、大麦、棉花、花生、蔬菜、果树等作物上的多种病虫害，如种传、土传病害、地下害虫、叶部病害及害虫等。
可提及的具体实例为一些可用本发明的组合物防治的代表性植物病虫害，所述实例并不限于特定属种。需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实例，还可以以相同方式延伸到其它植物病虫害，括号注明其病原拉丁文学名：
水稻稻瘟病(Magnaporthe grisea)、水稻白叶枯病(Xanthomonas oryzae)、水稻胡麻叶斑病(Bipolaris oryzae)、水稻细菌性谷枯病(Burkholderi gluma)、水稻细菌性立枯病(Pseudomonas plantarii)、小麦白粉病(Blumeria graminis)、黄瓜炭疽病(Colletotrichum orbiculare)、黄瓜细菌性角斑病(Pseudomonas syringaepv.lachlymans)、葫芦科蔬菜(黄瓜、西葫芦、南瓜)白粉病(Sphaerotheca fuliginea)、草莓白粉病(Sphaerotheca aphanis)、草莓炭疽病(Glomerella cingulata)、白菜黑斑病(Alternaria brassicae)、马铃薯黑痣病、草坪褐斑病、水稻纹枯病(Rhizoctoniasolani)、玉米丝黑穗病(Sphacelotheca reiliana)、玉米黑粉病(Ustilago maydis)、小麦散黑穗病(Ustilago tritici)、小麦腥黑穗病(Tilletia caries)、小麦杆黑粉病(Urocystis occulta)、小麦雪霉叶枯病(Monographella nivalis)、小麦纹枯病(Rhizoctonia cerealis)、小麦叶锈病(Puccinia recondita)、小麦条锈病(P.striiformis)、小麦杆锈病(P.graminis)、大麦黑穗病(Ustilago hordei)、大麦条纹病(Pyrenophora graminea)、燕麦散黑穗病(Ustilago avenae)、洋葱黑粉病(Urocystiscolchici)、豆类、紫花苜蓿、鳞茎类、棉花、油料作物、高粱、甜菜、向日葵、玉米等作物猝倒病和立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)、水稻恶苗病(Fusarium moniliforme)、水稻稻曲病(Ustilaginoidea oryzae)、水稻粒黑粉病(Tilletia barclayana)、小麦赤霉病(Fusariumgraminearum)、西瓜枯萎病、大豆和花生根腐病(Fusarium oxysporum)、果树、蔬菜等作物灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)、黄瓜霜霉病(Pseudoperonospora cubensis)、葡萄霜霉病(Plasmopara viticola)、马铃薯、番茄晚疫病(Phytophthora infestans)、辣椒疫病(Phytophthora capsic)、观赏植物根腐病(Pythium splendens)、草坪腐霉枯萎病(Pythium aphanidermatum)、小麦全蚀病(Gaeumannomyces graminis)、苹果白粉病(Podosphaera leucotricha)、苹果树腐烂病(Valsa mali)、玉米大斑病(Exserohilumturcicum)、香蕉叶斑病(Mycosphaerella fijiensis)、番茄、辣椒和马铃薯早疫病(Alternaria solani)、苹果树斑点落叶病(Alternaria mali)、葡萄黑痘病(Sphacelomaampelinum)、花生白绢病(Sclerotium rolfsii)、玉米茎基腐病(Fusarium graminearum)、苹果树黑星病(Venturia inaequalis)、梨黑星病(Venturia nashicola)、柑橘炭疽病(Colletotrichum glecosporioides)、葡萄炭疽病(Glomerella cingulata)、香蕉炭疽病(Colletotrichum musae)、大豆及油菜菌核病(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、桃褐腐病(Monilinia fructicola)、甜樱桃褐腐病(Monilinia laxa)、大豆锈病(Phakopsorapachyrhizi)、草坪褐斑病(Rhizoctonia solani)、水稻稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、小麦蚜虫(Sitobion avenae)、小麦吸浆虫(Sitodiplosis mosellana)、甘蓝蚜虫(Brevicoryne brassicae)、玉米和小麦蛴螬(Anomala corpulenta)、玉米地老虎(Agrotisypsilon)、玉米金针虫(Agriotes fuscicollis)、马铃薯和花生蛴螬(Holotrichiaparallela)、韭菜迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia odoriphaga)、食用菌菌蛆(Lycoriella pleuroti)、茶树茶小绿叶蝉(Empoasca flavescens)、甘蓝黄条跳甲(Phyllotrata striolata)、番茄、辣椒、茄子和黄瓜烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、番茄和马铃薯木虱(Bactericeracockerelli)、柑橘树木虱(Diaphorina citri)、柑橘树介壳虫(如矢尖蚧Unaspisyanonensis、红蜡蚧Ceroplastes rubens等)、苹果树棉蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、螨类(如全爪螨Panonychus citri，山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis、二斑叶螨Tetranychusurticae)、小食心虫(Grapholitha inopinata)、芸苔属蔬菜(如甘蓝)小菜蛾(Plutellaxylostella)、斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)、水稻三化螟(Tryporyza incertulas)、二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)、稻蓟马(Stenchaetothrips biformis)、稻象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、番茄、茄子、黄瓜、芹菜、烟草根结线虫病(Meloidogyne incognita)，辣椒根结线虫病(Meloidogyne hapla)，花生根结线虫病(Meloidogyne arenaria)，大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)等。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现：
本发明组合物组分A和B可以任意比例混配，通常一种活性成分含量高于其余活性成分，优选混合比是100：1至1：100或50：1至1：50。
本发明组合物可通过将活性成分与农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂混合，用已知方法制备为常规的制剂，如乳油、可湿性粉剂、种子处理悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、悬浮种衣剂、种子处理干粉剂、种子处理可分散粉剂、颗粒剂、微囊悬浮剂、悬乳剂等。制剂中一般含有0.1～95％重量的活性成分，优选0.5～90％重量的活性成分。
农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂包括但不限于：水、溶剂、填料、各种表面活性剂(乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂等)、黏结剂、成膜剂、着色剂、防冻剂、增稠剂、助悬剂、崩解剂、消泡剂、渗透剂、警戒色、增效剂、稳定剂、壁囊材料、pH调节剂、防腐剂等。并且，适当地，为了提高对特定作物耐受力，可适当添加安全剂；或者有时为了促进作物生长发育，可在混配组合物中添加常规农业肥料，制成药肥混剂。这些助剂都是农药制剂中常用或允许使用的成分，并无特别限定，可选择一种或一种以上助剂构成，具体成分和用量根据配方要求通过简单的试验确定。
所述组合物各种应用剂型的生产工艺均属现有已知技术，在此不再赘述。
本发明组合物可以多种方法使用，如兑水以常规方式喷雾使用，或直接撒施或沟施，或拌毒土撒施，或种子处理等，于植物播种时、出苗前、出苗后营养生长期和生殖生长期均可使用。用药量可在较宽范围内变化，并且取决于土壤的状况、使用方法、作物、待防治的植物病虫害种类及苗龄大小、当时的气候条件及其他因素。本发明组合物通常以0.001～1.0kg活性成分混合物/100kg种子的用量施用，或者以0.001～1.0kg活性成分混合物/公顷的用量施用；更为优选地，以0.001～0.5kg活性成分混合物/100kg种子的用量施用，或者以0.01～0.5kg活性成分混合物/公顷的用量施用。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下技术效果：
1、混配组合物具有良好的协同作用，应用效果明显优于单剂理论效果总和，即具有超叠加作用，可更好地控制植物病虫害发生危害；
2、混配组合物活性成分之间在植物病虫害防治谱上具有良好的互补性，可很好扩大防治谱，综合有效控制各种植物病虫害发生危害；
3、混配组合物具有良好的协同作用，可减少药剂使用量，降低使用成本和环境污染，提高对作物的安全性。
具体实施方式
以下给出本发明的具体实施例，需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实施例，凡在本申请技术方案基础上做的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：35％乳油
配方组成为：活性成分A为25％，活性成分B为10％，乳化剂烷基苯磺酸盐5％，乳化剂苯乙烯基苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚3％，溶剂二甲苯补足至100％。
制备方法为：将所有物料投入配料釜中，搅拌溶解至完全透明，化验合格后，转移至储罐灌装。
实施例2：18％种子处理悬浮剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为6％，活性成分B为12％，润湿剂月桂醇硫酸钠5％，分散剂EO/PO嵌段聚氧乙烯醚6％，防冻剂乙二醇5％，增稠剂黄原胶0.2％，警戒色玫瑰精0.8％，水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分和润湿剂、分散剂、防冻剂、警戒色和水投入搅拌釜中，充分搅拌后，将物料抽入砂磨机中进行充分研磨，研磨完成后，抽入高速剪切机中，加入增稠剂后，进行高速剪切，剪切完成后即制得种子处理悬浮剂。
实施例3：70％水分散粒剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为20％，活性成分B为50％，润湿剂苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚7％，分散剂萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物5％，崩解剂硫酸钠5％，黏结剂聚乙二醇0.5％，填料硅藻补足至100％。
制备方法为：将所有物料混合均匀后，经气流粉碎机粉碎，再次混合均匀，然后，加入一定量的水将此混合物捏合，挤压造粒，经干燥筛分，即得到水分散粒剂。
实施例4：12％水乳剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为4％，活性成分B为8％，溶剂二甲苯9％，溶剂环己酮2％，乳化剂顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠4％，乳化剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚5％，防冻剂丙三醇4％，水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分A和B用溶剂充分溶解后，投入乳化剂充分搅拌后形成油相；将防冻剂加入水中溶解，形成水相；将水相缓慢加入油相中，使用高速剪切机剪切，即可得水乳剂。
实施例5：24％微乳剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为18％，活性成分B为6％，溶剂二甲苯10％，溶剂环己酮5％，乳化剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯磷酸盐8％，乳化剂十二烷基硫酸盐6％，防冻剂丙二醇5％，水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分A和B用溶剂充分溶解后，投入乳化剂和防冻剂混合均匀，最后加入去离子水，进行高速剪切，即可得微乳剂。
实施例6：50％可湿性粉剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为20％，活性成分B为30％，润湿剂烷基丁二酸磺酸盐5％，分散剂三苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯6％，填料硅藻土补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分和各助剂混合均匀，投入机械粉粹机中进行初粉粹，之后经气流粉碎机粉碎，再混合均匀，即制得可湿性粉剂。
实施例7：6％颗粒剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为3％，活性成分B为3％，润湿剂烷基萘磺酸盐0.6％，分散剂对甲氧基脂肪酰胺基苯磺酸0.9％，着色剂炭黑0.2％，填料膨润土补足至100％。
制备方法为：将所有物料混合均匀后，加入一定量的水将此混合物捏合，挤压造粒，经干燥筛分，即得到颗粒剂。
实施例8：22％悬浮种衣剂
配方组成为：活性成分A为13％，活性成分B为9％，润湿剂磺基琥珀酸辛酯钠盐3％，分散剂聚羧酸盐6％，成膜剂聚乙烯醇-醋酸聚乙烯共聚物0.6％，防冻剂丙三醇5％，增稠剂硅酸镁铝0.3％，警戒色玫瑰精0.8％，水补足至100％。
制备方法为：将活性成分和润湿剂、分散剂、防冻剂、警戒色、成膜剂和水投入搅拌釜中，充分搅拌后，抽入高速剪切机中，进行高速剪切，再泵至砂磨机中进行充分砂磨，砂磨合格后加入增稠剂，搅拌均匀即得悬浮种衣剂。
应用效果实例：
1、试验方法
(1)对黄瓜炭疽病菌的生物活性
参照《NY/T 1156.14-2008农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第14部分：防治瓜类炭疽病试验盆裁法》进行。
以黄瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)为供试病原菌，田间采集，实验室分离纯化，接种在PDA培养基上培养，待产生大量分生孢子后备用。PDA培养基为实验室常规培养基，此处略去其配制方法。
以黄瓜感病品种“山东密刺”为供试作物，可控日光温室内培养至3～5叶期备用。
将配制好的药液均匀喷施于“山东密刺”叶面至全部润湿。施药72h后接种病原菌。用无菌水从PDA菌落上洗取分生孢子，洗涤液用双层纱布过滤，制成浓度为1×105个孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液。用移液器移取10μL孢子悬浮液接种于黄瓜叶片正面(黄瓜炭疽病菌易侵染叶片正面)，每个叶片接种4个点。接种后移至保湿箱中(相对湿度95％～100％)黑暗培养24h。然后在(25±1)℃、12h光暗交替、相对湿度为80％～90％的人工气候箱内培养。每处理设置4次重复，每重复3盆，每盆2株，并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。
待空白对照发病率达50％以上时，用游标卡尺以十字交叉法测量病斑直径，取平均值。
根据调查数据，按公式(1)计算防治效果，结果保留小数点后两位。
式中：
P—防治效果，单位为百分数(％)；
D0—空白对照病斑直径，单位为毫米(mm)；
D1—药剂处理病斑直径，单位为毫米(mm)。
(2)对葡萄霜霉病菌的生物活性
目前，暂无杀菌剂对葡萄霜霉病菌生物活性测定的相关试验准则，文献报道一般采用叶盘法。即选取田间生长叶龄、大小基本一致的叶片，用打孔器制成叶盘进行试验，替代整株葡萄苗进行试验。这种方法是基于葡萄扦插繁殖方式周期长，不像种子繁殖作物通过播种即可快速获取龄期一致小苗的特点，合理衍生的一种科学方法。在葡萄霜霉病菌生测活性测定试验中广为应用。本试验也采用叶盘法进行组合物生物活性测试。具体方法如下：
以葡萄霜霉病菌(Plasmopara viticola)为供试病菌，实验室接种在新鲜葡萄叶片上扩繁备用。
以葡萄感病品种“红地球”葡萄为供试作物，采集葡萄新梢先端第3节或第4节上叶龄、大小基本一致的健康叶片，用打孔器将葡萄叶片打成直径为1.5cm的叶盘备用。
将叶盘背面朝上置于定量喷雾塔的转台上(每重复15个叶盘为1组)，采用定压1.0kg/cm2，药液10mL，定时1min，使雾滴均匀沉积在叶盘背面。待药液自然风干后，将叶盘背面朝上放在铺有吸水纸的培养皿中保湿备用。72h后接种病菌。选取扩繁用发病叶片，用4℃蒸馏水从叶片背面洗脱葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊，用双层纱布过滤，制成浓度为1×105个孢子囊/mL的孢子囊悬浮液，用移液器接种于药剂处理后的叶盘背面(霜霉病菌易侵染叶片背面)，每个叶盘接种10μL孢子囊悬浮液。接种后移至保湿箱中(相对湿度95％～100％)黑暗培养24h。然后在17～22℃、12h光暗交替条件下，相对湿度为90％以上的条件下培养。每处理设置4次重复，每次重复15个叶盘，并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。当空白对照发病率达到80％以上时，分级调查处理发病情况。分级方法参照《GB/T 17980.122-2004杀菌剂防治葡萄霜霉病的田间药效试验准则》进行。计算各处理的病情指数和防治效果。
病情指数按式(2)计算，防治效果按式(3)计算，计算结果保留小数点后两位。
式中：
X—病情指数；
Ni—各级病叶数；
i—相对级数值；
N—调查总叶数；
9—最高级数值。
式中：
P—防治效果，单位为百分数(％)；
CK—空白对照病情指数；
PT—药剂处理病情指数。
(3)对黄瓜白粉病菌的生物活性
参照《NY/T 1156.11-2008农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第11部分：防治瓜类白粉病试验盆裁法》进行。
以黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea)为供试病菌，从田间黄瓜病叶上采集，室内接种在新鲜黄瓜幼苗上扩繁备用。
以黄瓜感病品种“新泰密刺”为供试作物，实验室盆栽，幼苗长至2片～4片真叶期备用。
将配制好的药液均匀喷施于“新泰密刺”叶面至全部润湿。施药72h后接种病原菌。选取扩繁用发病叶片，用加有少量0.1％吐温-80的纯净水，从病叶上洗脱新鲜孢子，洗脱液用双层纱布过滤，制成浓度为1×105个孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液，将其喷雾接种于已施药的黄瓜叶片上。接种后移至保湿箱中(相对湿度70％～80％)黑暗培养24h。后在20℃、12h光暗交替条件下培养。每处理设置4次重复，每重复5盆，每盆2株，并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。待空白对照病叶率达到80％以上时，分级调查各处理发病情况。计算各处理的病情指数和防治效果。
病情指数按式(4)计算，防治效果按式(3)计算，计算结果保留小数点后两位。
式中：
X—病情指数；
Ni—各级病叶数；
i—相对级数值；
N—调查总叶数；
11—最高级数值。
(4)对水稻稻瘟病菌的生物活性
参照《NY/T 1156.8-2007农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第8部分：防治水稻稻瘟病试验盆栽法》进行。
以水稻稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)为供试病原菌，将实验室斜面保存菌株接种在米糠培养基上产孢备用。米糠培养基配制如下：米糠20g，琼脂粉14g，去离子水1000mL，调节pH至6.0。高压蒸汽灭菌(121℃)30min。
以水稻感病品种“两优42”为供试作物，每盆播20粒种子，出苗后选定其中10株，长至3叶1心期备用。
将配制好的药液均匀喷施于“两优42”叶面至全部润湿。施药72h后接种病原菌。用无菌水从米糠培养基菌落上洗取分生孢子，洗涤液用双层纱布过滤，制成浓度为1×105个孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液，将其喷雾接种于已施药的水稻叶片上。接种后移至保湿箱中(相对湿度95％～100％)黑暗保湿培养24h。然后在25℃～26℃、12h光暗交替、相对湿度为85％～90％的人工气候箱内培养。每处理设置4次重复，每重复3盆，并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。待空白对照病叶率达到50％以上时，分级调查各处理发病情况。计算各处理的病情指数和防治效果。
病情指数按式(2)计算，防治效果按式(3)计算。
(5)对玉米地老虎的生物活性
参照《NY/T 1154.15-2009农药室内生物测定试验准则杀虫剂第15部分：地下害虫浸虫法》进行。
以玉米地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)为供试对象，选取室内饲养，生理状态一致的3龄幼虫进行试验。
将幼虫浸入药液中10s取出，用滤纸吸去多余药液，将试虫转移至装有带嫩根的新鲜玉米苗玻璃试管中，管口以潮湿的黑布遮盖，置于25℃±1℃，相对湿度60％～80％的恒温养虫室内饲养。每处理4次重复，每重复30头，并设不含药剂的处理作为空白对照。处理后48h调查结果(死亡标准：用毛笔轻触虫体，虫体不能活动)，分别记录总虫数和死亡数。
死亡率按式(5)计算，单位为百分率(％)，计算结果保留小数点后两位：
式中：
P1—死亡率，单位为百分数(％)；
K—表示死亡虫数，单位为头；
N—表示处理总虫数，单位为头。
(6)对甘蓝蚜虫的生物活性
参照《NY/T 1154.6-2006农药室内生物测定试验准则杀虫剂第6部分：杀虫活性试验浸虫法》进行。
以甘蓝蚜虫(Brevicoryne brassicae)为供试对象，室内用新鲜甘蓝叶片饲养，选取生理状态一致的无翅成蚜进行试验。
用镊子夹着带有无翅成蚜的甘蓝叶片，在不同浓度的药液中浸5s后取出，用滤纸吸去多余药液，放在铺有湿润滤纸的培养皿中。每重复30头，每处理4次重复，设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。将处理后的试虫均放置于(25±1)℃，相对湿度60％～80％，光周期L:D＝16h:8h的人工气候箱中饲养。处理后48h调查结果(死亡标准：用毛笔轻触虫体，虫体不能活动)，分别记录总虫数和死亡数。按(5)式计算死亡率。
(7)组合物预期活性判定
组合物预期活性借鉴拜耳、先正达、陶氏等跨国农药企业制剂专利中判定组合物预期活性的方法(COLBY法)：COLBY，S.R.：“Calculating Synergistic and AntagonisticResponses of Herbicide Combinations”，Weeds 15，p.20～22，1967进行。
组合物预期活性按(6)式计算：
式中：
X—药剂1用量为P时的防效或死亡率；
Y—药剂2用量为Q时的防效或死亡率；
Z—药剂3用量为R时的防效或死亡率；
E0—药剂1用量为P+药剂2用量为Q+药剂3用量为R时的理论防效或死亡率，即组合物的预期活性；
E—药剂1、2和3按不同配比混配时的实际防效或死亡率，即组合物的实际活性；
当E＞E0时，即如果混配药剂的实际活性超过所计算的预期活性，则该组合物就具有超叠加作用，即协同作用。
2、试验结果
试验结果详见表1～6，可见，活性成分A(异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺)与选自活性成分B(苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、四氟醚唑、烯啶虫胺等)的药剂混配后，实际活性均大于预期活性，说明活性成分A与活性成分B中的药剂混配具有协同作用。
表1异噻菌胺、氟唑菌酰羟胺与苯醚甲环唑混配对黄瓜炭疽病菌的联合作用效应
表2异噻菌胺、氟唑菌酰羟胺与吡唑醚菌酯混配对葡萄霜霉病菌的联合作用效应
表3异噻菌胺、氟唑菌酰羟胺与四氟醚唑混配对黄瓜白粉病菌的联合作用效应
表4异噻菌胺、氟唑菌酰羟胺与乙虫腈混配对水稻稻瘟病菌的联合作用效应
表5异噻菌胺、氟唑菌酰羟胺与丁硫克百威混配对玉米地老虎的联合作用效应
表6异噻菌胺、氟唑菌酰羟胺与烯啶虫胺混配对甘蓝蚜虫的联合作用效应

Claims (5)

1.一种组合物，其特征在于，包括活性成分A和B。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述的活性成分A为异噻菌胺和氟唑菌酰羟胺。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述的活性成分B为精甲霜灵、咯菌腈、咪鲜胺、噁霉灵、硅噻菌胺、种菌唑、灭菌唑、三唑醇、烯唑醇、高效烯唑醇、氟菌唑、叶菌唑、腈菌唑、硅氟唑、四氟醚唑、苯醚甲环唑、稻瘟酯、咪唑菌酮、异菌脲、氟嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、肟菌酯、春雷霉素、己唑醇、烯丙苯噻唑、呋虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、螺虫乙酯、毒死蜱、丁硫克百威、乙虫腈、三氟苯嘧啶中的一种或一种以上组合。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的组合物，其特征在于，除了活性成分A和B外，还包括农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂。
5.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的组合物，其特征在于，将其应用于防治植物病虫害。
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