CN107087454A - 一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法 Download PDF

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CN107087454A
CN107087454A CN201710300305.8A CN201710300305A CN107087454A CN 107087454 A CN107087454 A CN 107087454A CN 201710300305 A CN201710300305 A CN 201710300305A CN 107087454 A CN107087454 A CN 107087454A
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葛义学
武立权
曹成茂
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Anhui Shu Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法，包括了选种浸种、播种、田间管理、喷施抑制剂、及时收获等过程，本发明种植方法通过科学规划，采用合适的品种选育方法，并调整水稻栽培措施，能大限度减少种植过程中的稻穗发芽现象，同时利用自制抑制剂的配施，有效提高结实率，促使穗子勾头，减少水稻吸水发芽现象的发生，即便在气候相当恶劣的阴雨天气或是在种子不见干、气温较高等条件下，也可将穗发芽率控制在5%以内，本发明方法经长期生产实践，可有效防止水稻穗发芽，对促进农民增收，农业增效有着重要的意义。

Description

一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法
技术领域
本发明涉及栽培管理技术领域，尤其涉及一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法。
背景技术
水稻穗发芽是指水稻在收获前的穗上发芽，如果遇有气温高、阴雨天多或潮湿的环境，种谷吸水达谷重的25%以上时就会发芽，穗发芽后的水稻作物不仅产量明显降低，而且水稻的品质、储藏及来年播种都受到很大程度的影响，一般年份损失率可达5%，特殊年份达50%，给水稻生产造成较大经济损失。我国部分地区水稻收成前经常会碰到持续的高温多雨天气，因此水稻穗发芽问题十分严重。
虽然现在控制水稻穗发芽的技术已取得不错的进步，但还存在以下几方面的问题：一是通过传统喷施抑制剂等方法来解决大规模水稻生产过程中遇到的穗发芽现象，费用太高且效果不够理想，同时还容易造成环境的污染；二是采用抗性亲本杂交育种来抑制穗发芽，该方法存在杂交制种育种难且时间长等缺陷；三是在分子水平筛选出水稻穗发芽相关基因，通过基因来解决此问题，此方法研究成本高且要求相关人员具有较强的专业技术。
鉴于此，针对水稻穗发芽的问题，需进一步调整水稻栽培方法，形成科学的田间种植管理措施，并根据气候制定种植计划，从而最大限度减少大面积种植过程中由于穗发芽所带来的经济损失，并降低实际操作过程中的难度，便于推广。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法，包括以下方面：
（1）选种浸种：选择适合本地的耐肥抗倒、谷壳较厚、休眠期长的水稻品种，并于播种前使用强氯精对稻种进行浸种，钝化种子内的外源赤霉素的活性；
（2）播种：利用当地气象预报掌握气候变化规律，根据品种生育期进行播种，保证收获季节无长时间高温高湿和阴雨；
（3）田间管理：水稻种植大田做到通风透光，并于分蘖末期进行晒田，晒田时控制土壤湿度为田间持水量的50-60%，晒田时间控制在2-4天，以晒到水稻叶色褪淡，叶尖上举，表土冒白根即可，同时在水稻成熟期利用禾沟排水清渍，做到雨停水干，沟水保湿灌浆；
（4）喷施抑制剂：在水稻齐穗一周后以及生长期间内遇雨季时喷施穗萌抑制剂，将抑制剂通过喷雾喷施的方式以每次每亩10-15千克均匀喷施在稻穗上；
（5）及时收获：水稻成熟后在晴天收割，若成熟期处于阴雨天则检查田块，发现穗上有发芽的田块则在达到85%以上谷粒成熟后即可收割，并在收割后通过晾晒和烘干设备将谷粒干燥。
所述步骤1中使用强氯精浸种时，强氯精、稻种、水的质量比控制在1：（300-350）：（500-600），并在稻种浸泡6-8小时后用清水冲洗干净。
所述步骤3中在晒田过程中若大田土壤出现裂口而水稻叶色未褪淡，则复水2-3天后再排水晒田1-2次。
所述穗萌抑制剂由以下组份构成：脱落酸5-6份，硫酸铜2-8份、硫酸锌9-18份、硫酸锰2-9份、硼酸3-6份、磷酸二氢钾40-60份、硫酸镁2-9份、钼酸铵3-8份、马来酰肼1-2份、水杨酸2-3份、水204-364份，其制备方法是将各原料混合搅拌均匀即可。
本发明的优点是：
本发明种植方法通过科学规划，采用合适的品种选育方法，并调整水稻栽培措施，能大限度减少种植过程中的稻穗发芽现象，同时利用自制抑制剂的配施，有效提高结实率，促使穗子勾头，减少水稻吸水发芽现象的发生，即便在气候相当恶劣的阴雨天气或是在种子不见干、气温较高等条件下，也可将穗发芽率控制在5%以内，本发明方法经长期生产实践，可有效防止水稻穗发芽，对促进农民增收，农业增效有着重要的意义。
具体实施方式
一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法，包括以下方面：
（1）选种浸种：选择适合本地的耐肥抗倒、谷壳较厚、休眠期长的水稻品种，并于播种前使用强氯精对稻种进行浸种，浸种时强氯精、稻种、水的质量比控制在1：300：600，并在稻种浸泡8小时后用清水冲洗干净，以钝化种子内的外源赤霉素的活性；
（2）播种：利用当地气象预报掌握气候变化规律，根据品种生育期进行播种，保证收获季节无长时间高温高湿和阴雨；
（3）田间管理：水稻种植大田做到通风透光，并于分蘖末期进行晒田，晒田时控制土壤湿度为田间持水量的55-60%，晒田时间控制在3-4天，以晒到水稻叶色褪淡，叶尖上举，表土冒白根即可，晒田过程中若大田土壤出现裂口而水稻叶色未褪淡，则复水3天后再排水晒田2次，同时在水稻成熟期利用禾沟排水清渍，做到雨停水干，沟水保湿灌浆；
（4）喷施抑制剂：在水稻齐穗一周后以及生长期间内遇雨季时喷施穗萌抑制剂，将抑制剂通过喷雾喷施的方式以每次每亩15千克均匀喷施在稻穗上；
（5）及时收获：水稻成熟后在晴天收割，若成熟期处于阴雨天则检查田块，发现穗上有发芽的田块则在达到85%以上谷粒成熟后即可收割，并在收割后通过晾晒和烘干设备将谷粒干燥。
穗萌抑制剂由以下组份构成：脱落酸5份，硫酸铜4份、硫酸锌12份、硫酸锰5份、硼酸5份、磷酸二氢钾50份、硫酸镁3份、钼酸铵7份、马来酰肼1份、水杨酸2份、水300份，其制备方法是将各原料混合搅拌均匀即可。

Claims (4)

1.一种防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法，其特征在于由选种浸种、播种、田间管理、喷施抑制剂、及时收获等工序构成：
（1）选种浸种：选择适合本地的耐肥抗倒、谷壳较厚、休眠期长的水稻品种，并于播种前使用强氯精对稻种进行浸种，钝化种子内的外源赤霉素的活性；
（2）播种：利用当地气象预报掌握气候变化规律，根据品种生育期进行播种，保证收获季节无长时间高温高湿和阴雨；
（3）田间管理：水稻种植大田做到通风透光，并于分蘖末期进行晒田，晒田时控制土壤湿度为田间持水量的50-60%，晒田时间控制在2-4天，以晒到水稻叶色褪淡，叶尖上举，表土冒白根即可，同时在水稻成熟期利用禾沟排水清渍，做到雨停水干，沟水保湿灌浆；
（4）喷施抑制剂：在水稻齐穗一周后以及生长期间内遇雨季时喷施穗萌抑制剂，将抑制剂通过喷雾喷施的方式以每次每亩10-15千克均匀喷施在稻穗上；
（5）及时收获：水稻成熟后在晴天收割，若成熟期处于阴雨天则检查田块，发现穗上有发芽的田块则在达到85%以上谷粒成熟后即可收割，并在收割后通过晾晒和烘干设备将谷粒干燥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中使用强氯精浸种时，强氯精、稻种、水的质量比控制在1：（300-350）：（500-600），并在稻种浸泡6-8小时后用清水冲洗干净。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中在晒田过程中若大田土壤出现裂口而水稻叶色未褪淡，则复水2-3天后再排水晒田1-2次。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防止水稻穗发芽的栽培方法，其特征在于，所述穗萌抑制剂由以下组份构成：脱落酸5-6份，硫酸铜2-8份、硫酸锌9-18份、硫酸锰2-9份、硼酸3-6份、磷酸二氢钾40-60份、硫酸镁2-9份、钼酸铵3-8份、马来酰肼1-2份、水杨酸2-3份、水204-364份，其制备方法是将各原料混合搅拌均匀即可。
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CN114885825A (zh) * 2022-06-01 2022-08-12 杭州中泽生物科技有限公司 一种迷你玩具水稻的培育方法

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CN107853172B (zh) * 2017-12-11 2020-09-15 湖南农业大学 一种零穗萌杂交水稻种子生产方法
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Application publication date: 20170825