CN107086859B - Digital automatic gain control circuit for wireless communication receiver - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital automatic gain control circuit for a wireless communication receiver, which comprises a digital amplifier, a module value calculation circuit, an average value filter, a power calculation circuit and an error processing circuit, wherein the digital amplifier is used for amplifying the analog signal; the digital amplifier integrates an amplifying circuit, a peak value detection circuit and an error detection circuit; the peak value detection circuit and the error detection circuit are mainly designed aiming at the mutation signals existing in the circuit, can quickly detect the mutation signals, readjust the digital AGC circuit and realize the quick locking of the digital AGC; the power calculation circuit and the error processing circuit mainly process signals in a logarithmic domain to obtain a gain coefficient, and the gain coefficient is used for driving a digital amplifier of the digital AGC to complete an AGC loop. The power is adjusted in a logarithmic domain, and the method has the characteristics of short establishing time, flexible control and the like; and the peak value detection circuit and the error detection circuit can also respond to the sudden change signal quickly, so that the digital AGC loop is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a digital automatic gain control technology in a zero intermediate frequency receiver, in particular to a digital automatic gain control circuit for a wireless communication receiver.
Background
In a wireless communication system, due to the influence of factors such as transmission distance, terrain and the like, radio waves have fading of different degrees in the space propagation process, the strength of a signal received by an input end of a receiver is greatly changed, and the change range of the strength can reach as high as 60-80 dB. In the face of a received signal with a large dynamic range, a high-resolution ADC can obtain a larger dynamic range, but the performance of the receiver is still greatly affected when the signal is smaller, so an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) system is an important way to improve the demodulation performance of the receiver.
The AGC system consists of three parts, namely a variable gain amplifier, a detector and a gain control circuit, wherein the detector extracts signal intensity information from the output of the variable gain amplifier, and the gain control circuit automatically adjusts the gain of the variable gain amplifier according to the signal intensity information so as to ensure that the intensity of a signal to be demodulated is in a stable level to improve the demodulation performance of the receiver. The receive sensitivity of a satellite positioning communication receiver is typically below the noise level, and demodulation is achieved by correlation of the signals, which requires the receiver chain to achieve a large gain to amplify the signals (including noise) to a significant power level for quantization. In addition, in recent years, the receiver with the zero intermediate frequency architecture has the advantages of high system integration level, simple circuit structure and the like, so that the super-heterodyne receiver is gradually replaced by the application of the receiver.
AGC systems can be further classified into analog AGC, digital AGC, and digital-analog hybrid AGC. The variable gain amplifier, detector and gain control circuit of analog AGC system are all realized in analog domain, when the input signal is changed, the strength of output (input) signal is detected by square-law device, then the feedback (feedforward) gain control signal is fed back to variable gain stage to make the signal strength lock in the defined range. The variable gain amplifier of the digital-analog hybrid AGC system adopts an amplifier structure with programmable gain, but the gain control and even the signal strength detection are realized in a digital domain, the gain control is more flexible, the structure selection of the amplifier is more free, and therefore, various feedback technologies can be adopted to improve the performance of the amplifier. The full digital AGC completely avoids using an analog circuit, directly quantizes an analog baseband signal with a high dynamic range by using an ADC with high resolution, and then realizes signal gain in a digital domain, so that the full digital AGC not only has the advantages of high reliability, convenient configuration, easy debugging, high accuracy and the like, but also reduces links of analog signal processing, thereby relieving the deterioration of nonlinear distortion on the signal to noise ratio. The digital AGC has more accurate gain adjustment step length and stronger AGC control capability, the fluctuation of an output signal can be smaller than 1dB or even smaller, and the fluctuation of an output signal of the analog AGC is usually 3-6 dB so as to ensure the stability of a system. With the development of high-speed high-precision ADC design technology and high-speed, low-cost digital signal processing chips, the all-digital AGC exhibits many advantages and is increasingly widely used.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the above problems, the present invention provides a digital automatic gain control circuit for a wireless communication receiver.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a digital automatic gain control circuit for a wireless communication receiver includes a digital amplifier, a modulus calculation circuit, an average filter, a power calculation circuit, a threshold comparison circuit, and an error processing circuit.
The input signal is injected into a module value calculation circuit after passing through a digital amplifier to obtain the module value of the baseband signal; the average filter segments the modulus signal of the modulus calculation circuit and calculates the average modulus of each segment; the average modulus value is converted into a logarithmic domain through a power calculation circuit to obtain a power value of the baseband signal; the power value is injected into the threshold comparison circuit and the error processing circuit in sequence.
The error processing circuit comprises a gain coefficient adjusting circuit and an anti-log operation circuit; the gain coefficient adjusting circuit applies a segmented adjusting mechanism according to the result of the threshold comparison to obtain a gain coefficient in a logarithmic domain; the anti-log operational circuit converts the gain coefficient in the log domain into the linear domain for driving the digital amplifier of the digital AGC to complete the AGC loop.
The digital amplifier comprises an amplifying circuit, a peak value detection circuit and an error detection circuit; the amplifying circuit multiplies the input signal by the gain coefficient to realize the amplification and the reduction of the input signal, so that the output signal is maintained in a constant power range; the peak value detection circuit and the error detection circuit quickly detect the abrupt change signal, readjust the digital AGC circuit and realize the quick locking of the digital AGC.
The peak detection circuit controls the gain coefficient by judging whether the result of multiplying the average estimated modulus value of the signal by the gain coefficient signal exceeds the maximum value allowed by the signal. The working method comprises the steps of taking the average estimated module value of a signal in a period of time, multiplying the average estimated module value by a gain coefficient, judging whether the maximum threshold value of a normal signal is exceeded or not, if the maximum threshold value exceeds the range, generating a flag bit, resetting a gain coefficient control circuit in an error processing circuit, and enabling the gain coefficient to quickly return to the initial value; if not, the signal is normal.
The error detection circuit detects whether the output of the amplifying circuit exceeds the maximum threshold value allowed by the amplifying circuit, the output signal of the amplifying circuit is inaccurate when the output of the amplifying circuit exceeds the maximum threshold value, and the selector outputs a signal which is not adjusted by the amplifying circuit; the input signal does not exceed the maximum threshold value, the signal regulated by the amplifying circuit is effective, and the selector outputs the signal regulated by the amplifying circuit.
Has the advantages that: the invention utilizes logarithmic operation to realize power regulation in logarithmic domain, converts the original multiplication-division operation into addition-subtraction operation, greatly improves the operation speed and the locking time of the digital AGC, and has the characteristics of quick response, simple control circuit, flexible control and the like. Meanwhile, the error processing circuit applies a segmented adjusting mechanism, simplifies the complexity of gain coefficient control, improves the operational efficiency of the circuit and reasonably controls the fluctuation of signals.
The invention introduces a peak value detection circuit and an error processing circuit to effectively eliminate the influence of the mutation signal and ensure the normal work of the receiver. The invention has a wide dynamic range, when the input signal changes in the wide dynamic range, the average power of the output signal of the AGC output device is kept approximately constant, so that the signal size is maintained in a proper range to improve the demodulation performance of the receiver.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the location of a receiver in which the circuit of the present invention is located;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a digital automatic gain control for a wireless communication receiver in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a digital amplifier;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a peak detection circuit;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an error detection circuit;
FIG. 6 is a control flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of simulation results for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The position of the receiver where the circuit of the invention is located is shown in fig. 1, and the received radio frequency signal is converted into I, Q two-path signals of a baseband after being sampled by the radio frequency front end of the zero-crossing intermediate frequency receiver and the ADC. The I, Q signals of the baseband pass through a digital AGC circuit to realize that the power of the output signal is basically constant. And finally, the signal after the automatic gain control is finished is sent to a digital receiver for demodulation and other work.
The digital AGC circuit of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, includes a digital amplifier, a modulus calculation circuit, an average filter, a power calculation circuit, a gain factor adjustment circuit in an error processing circuit, and an anti-log conversion circuit.
The specific control method of the digital AGC circuit comprises the following steps:
in an initial state, the AGC control device generates an initial gain coefficient factor, and after passing through the zero intermediate frequency receiver, the signal passes through the sigma-delta a/D converter to obtain I, Q two-path complex signals, which are denoted as XI + j × XQ. After passing through the digital amplifier shown in fig. 3, the complex signal is multiplied by the gain coefficient to obtain an adjusted complex signal, which is denoted as YI + j YQ, and the expression thereof can be written as:
YI+j*YQ＝(XI+j*XQ)*factor
meanwhile, the peak value detection circuit controls the gain coefficient mainly by judging whether the multiplication result of the average estimated module value of the signal and the gain coefficient signal exceeds the maximum value allowed by the signal. As shown in fig. 4, the working method is as follows: taking the average estimated module value of the signal in a period of time, multiplying the average estimated module value by the gain coefficient, judging whether the average estimated module value exceeds the maximum threshold value of the normal signal or not, generating a flag bit once the average estimated module value exceeds the range, resetting a gain coefficient control circuit in the error processing circuit and enabling the gain coefficient to quickly return to the initial value; if not, the signal is normal.
The signal adjusted by the amplifying circuit and the original input signal are simultaneously injected into the data selector of the error detecting circuit shown in fig. 5, and at the same time, the output signal of the signal adjusted by the amplifying circuit flowing into the comparison control circuit is used as the control signal of the data selector. The comparison control circuit is mainly used for detecting whether the output of the amplifying circuit exceeds the maximum threshold value allowed by the amplifying circuit, and once the output of the amplifying circuit exceeds the maximum threshold value, the output signal of the amplifying circuit is not accurate, the selector outputs a signal which is not adjusted by the amplifying circuit; if the input signal does not exceed the maximum threshold, indicating that the signal being conditioned is valid, the selector outputs the signal conditioned by the amplification circuit.
The output signal of the digital amplifier is injected into the modulus calculation circuit to obtain the modulus a of the complex signal at this time, and the expression can be written as:
the input module value is divided by N through an average value filteragcSegmenting the section as a unit, and acquiring the mean value of each section to reduce errors and burrs caused by noise and improve the stability and reliability of an AGC loop, wherein the expression of the mean value of the modulus value of the l-th section is as follows:
the average modulus value is calculated
Injecting into a power calculation circuit, and obtaining the average power in logarithmic domain by logarithmic algorithm
The calculation formula is as follows:
the power is adjusted in the logarithmic domain, the original multiplication and division operation is converted into addition and subtraction operation, and the operation speed and the locking time of the digital AGC are greatly improved. Then, the product is processed
An appropriate log domain AGC coefficient control word is set according to the gain coefficient adjustment circuit by comparing with the AGC set threshold (thr), the adjustment process is shown in fig. 6. And then the control word is converted from a log domain to a linear domain through an anti-log circuit and fed back to the digital amplifier to be used as a gain coefficient of a following complex signal, thereby adjusting the input of AGCAnd power is adjusted to a stable power value.
In the process of controlling the gain coefficient, the gain step needs to be determined carefully, if the gain step is too large, an unstable state is easy to occur in the loop, and if the gain step is too small, the convergence time of the system is easy to be too long. Therefore, different gain steps are adopted for adjustment according to the difference between the initial value and the target value, and rapid convergence as far as possible under the condition that the system is stable is guaranteed.
First, the power of the input signal is subtracted from the threshold thr, and the resulting difference is denoted as e, which is the magnitude of the input signal relative to the reference power. Then, the symbol of e is judged, if the symbol is positive, the attenuation control of the input signal is required; if the output signal is negative, it indicates that the amplification control of the input signal is required. In order to realize accurate control of the gain coefficient of the digital AGC, a multi-threshold mode is introduced to realize the segmented control of the digital AGC, namely, a plurality of different thresholds are set at a decision end, and gain adjustment steps corresponding to each threshold are set according to the different thresholds. Comparing the absolute value of the difference value e with a threshold value, selecting proper gain control stepping, and determining whether the digital AGC carries out amplification control or attenuation control according to the sign of the difference value e so as to realize the purpose of signal power regulation. Here, 4 thresholds (thr1 > thr2 > thr3 > thr4) are set to correspond to gain adjustment steps for each threshold (coef1 > coef2 > coef3 > coef 4).
The basic decision flow is as follows:
if | e | ≧ thr1, which indicates that the power of the input signal is greatly different from the reference power, a first gain step coef1 is adopted; if thr2 ≦ e | < thr1, indicating that the power of the input signal is relatively large from the reference power, then a second larger gain step coef2 is used; if thr3 ≦ e | < thr2, indicating that the power of the input signal is relatively small from the reference power, a third gain step coefS is used; if thr4 ≦ e | < thr3, then the power of the input signal is illustrated to be less different from the reference power, then a fourth gain step coef4 is applied; if | e | < thr4, it means that the power of the input signal is very small difference from the reference power, and the gain factor is kept unchanged. While selecting gain stepping, determining whether the digital AGC carries out amplification control or attenuation control according to the sign of the difference value e, if the sign is positive, indicating that the input signal needs to be subjected to attenuation control; if the output signal is negative, it indicates that the amplification control of the input signal is required. By the method, the power of the signal can be quickly adjusted, and the stability of the circuit can be ensured.
The simulation effect of the present invention is shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen from the figure that the present invention can respond to the change of the input signal quickly, so that the AGC loop is stable. Compared with the traditional AGC circuit, the gain control circuit can detect the signal intensity more accurately and control the gain stepping more accurately. When the input signal changes greatly, the fluctuation of the output signal can be made smaller. The digital AGC is adopted, the establishing time is short, the control is flexible, the circuit structure is simple, the cost is low, and the application prospect is wide.
Claims (4)
1. A digital automatic gain control circuit for a wireless communication receiver, characterized by: the device comprises a digital amplifier, a modulus calculation circuit, an average filter, a power calculation circuit, a threshold comparison circuit and an error processing circuit;
the input signal is injected into a module value calculation circuit after passing through a digital amplifier, and the module value of the baseband signal is obtained; the average filter segments the modulus signal of the modulus calculation circuit and calculates the average modulus of each segment; the average modulus value is converted into a logarithmic domain through a power calculation circuit to obtain a power value of the baseband signal; the power value is injected into the threshold comparison circuit and the error processing circuit in sequence;
the error processing circuit comprises a gain coefficient adjusting circuit and an anti-log operation circuit; the gain coefficient adjusting circuit applies a segmented adjusting mechanism according to the result of the threshold comparison to obtain a gain coefficient in a logarithmic domain; the anti-log operation circuit converts the gain coefficient in the log domain into the linear domain to drive the digital amplifier of the digital AGC to complete the AGC loop; the gain coefficient adjusting circuit is used for adjusting in sections, different gain steps are set according to the difference value of the input power and the reference power, and the fluctuation of an output signal is controlled;
the digital amplifier comprises an amplifying circuit, a peak value detection circuit and an error detection circuit; the amplifying circuit multiplies the input signal by the gain coefficient to realize the amplification and the reduction of the input signal, so that the output signal is maintained in a constant power range;
the peak value detection circuit controls the gain coefficient by judging whether the result of the multiplication of the average estimated module value of the signal and the gain coefficient signal exceeds the maximum value allowed by the signal; the error detection circuit detects whether the output of the amplifying circuit exceeds the maximum threshold value allowed by the amplifying circuit; the peak value detection circuit and the error detection circuit quickly detect the abrupt change signal, readjust the digital AGC circuit and realize the quick locking of the digital AGC.
2. The digital automatic gain control circuit for a wireless communication receiver of claim 1, wherein: the working method of the peak detection circuit comprises the following steps: taking the average estimated module value of the signal in a period of time, multiplying the average estimated module value by the gain coefficient, judging whether the average estimated module value exceeds the maximum threshold value of the normal signal and exceeds the range, generating a flag bit, resetting a gain coefficient control circuit in the error processing circuit, and enabling the gain coefficient to quickly return to the initial value; if not, the signal is normal.
3. The digital automatic gain control circuit for a wireless communication receiver of claim 1, wherein: the error detection circuit detects whether the output of the amplifying circuit exceeds the maximum threshold value allowed by the amplifying circuit, the output signal of the amplifying circuit is inaccurate when the output of the amplifying circuit exceeds the maximum threshold value, and the selector outputs a signal which is not adjusted by the amplifying circuit; the input signal does not exceed the maximum threshold value, the signal regulated by the amplifying circuit is effective, and the selector outputs the signal regulated by the amplifying circuit.
4. The digital automatic gain control circuit for a wireless communication receiver of claim 1, wherein: the power calculation circuit utilizes logarithmic operation to realize power regulation in a logarithmic domain, and converts original multiplication and division operation in coefficient control into addition and subtraction operation.
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| CN110474691B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-06-25 | 三维通信股份有限公司 | Gain control method and device |
| CN111478705B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2023-07-04 | 南京中科晶上通信技术有限公司 | Gain control method, device and circuit based on receiver and receiver |
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| CN114039618B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-03-10 | 四川灵通电讯有限公司 | Automatic gain control method applied to digital receiver |
| CN116634537B (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2024-01-23 | 北京联盛德微电子有限责任公司 | Automatic power control method and system of WIFI receiver |
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