CN107085659B - Preparation method of soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material based on friction performance - Google Patents
Preparation method of soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material based on friction performance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of bionic materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material based on friction performance. The method comprises the following steps: step one, determining the proportion of two materials with different elastic moduli; secondly, determining the basic body size of the material with large elastic modulus; and step three, preparing the soft and hard interphase bionic material by adopting laser processing, 3D printing and physical blending methods according to the ratio and the basic body size of the two materials with different elastic moduli obtained in the step one and the step two. The soft and hard alternate morphology bionic material prepared by the invention is simple in method and has excellent wear resistance, tensile property and impact resistance, wherein the bionic material which takes the body surfaces of dung beetles, earthworms and other soil animals as a prototype and is distributed with bionic coupling unit bodies with a certain rule on the surface shows excellent resistance reduction and wear resistance, and is used in engineering practice to obtain better economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of bionic materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material based on friction performance.
Background
In the concerted evolution of organisms in nature for billions of years, the organisms are continuously adapted to the environment to meet the living demand, and the structures and functions of the organisms are nearly perfect. The body surface is an important organ for the organism to exchange energy and substances with the outside world, while protecting the organism from the external environment. According to the environment, the body surface morphology of the organism is continuously adjusted in the evolution process, various soft and hard interphase appearances and structures are created, and excellent resistance reducing and wear resisting properties are endowed. The tribological properties of natural biomaterials, such as bamboo, intertidal shellfish and snake belly scales, are far beyond the imagination of people.
The soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material is formed by orderly or disorderly arranging two materials with different elastic moduli in a certain proportion by taking biological characteristics as a prototype, and is subjected to bionic design by simulating factors such as morphology, structure, material proportion, size, distribution rule and the like of a natural biological material. The laser, 3D printing and physical blending method is adopted to prepare a soft and hard alternate bionic structure with a certain distribution rule on the surface of the die, so that the adhesive force between the die and a casting can be effectively reduced, the characteristics of wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance and the like are achieved, better economic benefit and social benefit are obtained, meanwhile, the laser processing technology is adopted to process the soft and hard alternate bionic morphology on the surface of the material, and the toughness, wear resistance, lubricity and the like of the material are improved. The material with small elastic modulus is defined as a soft material, the material with large elastic modulus is defined as a hard material, the design of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material relates to multiple aspects, the friction properties of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material can be influenced by the difference of the properties of the soft and hard material, the structure form of the soft-hard interphase structure, the proportion of the soft and hard material, the basic size of the soft and hard material and the like, and the reasonable design is the basis for ensuring that the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material has corresponding characteristics.
In modern industry, friction is twosided, both harmful and beneficial. Friction is generally considered to be detrimental because friction necessarily accompanies wear, 60% of production equipment failures are caused by wear, and friction consumes a large amount of energy, which 1/2-1/3, world energy, is wasted due to friction. Friction is also beneficial, however, and there are many examples of human services in engineering that utilize friction and increase friction, such as friction transmission, brake valves, clutches, vehicle drive wheels, bolt and nuts, etc. Therefore, it is important to properly design the coefficient of friction of the material in engineering practice. Therefore, the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material is prepared according to the required friction coefficient and is worthy of research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material based on friction performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is described as follows by combining the attached drawings:
a preparation method of a soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material based on friction performance comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the proportion of two materials with different elastic moduli; defining a material with small elastic modulus as a soft material and a material with large elastic modulus as a hard material; according to the material properties and the required friction coefficient of the expected soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material, the proportion of the soft and hard material can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, c% is the volume percentage of the soft material; f is the friction coefficient of the soft and hard interphase bionic material; f. ofsIs the coefficient of friction of the soft material, fhCoefficient of friction for hard materials; esThe elastic modulus of the soft material; ehIs the modulus of elasticity of the hard material;
secondly, determining the basic body size of the material with large elastic modulus; obtaining the bionic material according to the specific form and the surface topography size of the expected soft and hard interphase topography bionic material;
and step three, preparing the soft and hard interphase bionic material by adopting laser processing, 3D printing and physical blending methods according to the ratio and the basic body size of the two materials with different elastic moduli obtained in the step one and the step two.
The materials with large elastic modulus of the expected soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material in the step two are arranged in a point shape, namely a series of hard materials with large elastic modulus in a point shape are uniformly distributed on the soft materials with small elastic modulus, and the transverse distance between the hard materials is defined as a1A longitudinal distance of b1According to experience a1And b1In the range of 1-2mm, the calculation method of the radius r of the basic body of punctiform hard material comprises the following steps:
21) determining the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials; the surface area of the material in the local area is a1b1Surface area of soft material is a1b1-πr2(ii) a According to the relation of the surface appearance and the size, the volume percentage of the soft material is determined as follows:
22) calculating the radius of the hard material basic body; the radius of the point-like hard material basic body is expressed as:
the expected soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material in the step two is arranged in a shape of soft and hard interphase stripes, and the stripe interval is a2According to experience a2In the range of 1-2mm, the stripe width b of the strip-shaped hard material basic body2The calculation method comprises the following steps:
31) determining the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials, and determining the volume percentage of the soft materials according to the relationship of the surface appearance size, wherein the volume percentage comprises the following steps:
32) calculating the width of the hard material basic body, and expressing the stripe width of the strip-shaped hard material basic body as follows:
b2＝a2-c％*a2。
the hard materials of the expected soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material in the step two are arranged in a grid shape, and the grid distance is a3According to experience a3In the range of 1-2mm, b of the grid width of the basic body of hard material3The calculation method comprises the following steps:
41) determining the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials, and determining the volume percentage of the soft materials according to the relationship of the surface appearance size, wherein the volume percentage comprises the following steps:
42) calculating the width of the basic body of hard material, the grid width of the basic body of hard material can be expressed as:
b3＝a3-sqrt(a3*a3-c％a3*a3)
the two materials with different elastic moduli are both high molecular materials or metal materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for preparing the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material is simple. The bionic material of the bionic coupling unit bodies with a certain rule is distributed on the surface of the body surface of soil animals such as dung beetles and earthworms, controllable friction performance is expressed, and the bionic material is used in engineering practice and achieves good economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic surface view of a soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material;
FIG. 1b is a schematic surface view of another soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material;
FIG. 1c is a schematic surface view of a third soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a micro uneven surface of a bionic material with a morphology between hard and soft;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the contact condition of a friction pair of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material in the friction process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of interaction between a soft and a hard phase structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of basic dimensions of a soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of basic dimensions of another soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material;
FIG. 7 is a schematic surface view of a third soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material.
Detailed Description
The soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material provided by the invention refers to two materials with different elastic moduli, and defines a material with a small elastic modulus as a soft material and a material with a large elastic modulus as a hard material.
Referring to fig. 1 a-1 c, fig. 1 a-1 c are several common soft and hard phase-to-phase morphology bionic materials. The surface of the bionic material with the appearance of alternating soft and hard is a macroscopically smooth bionic surface. Referring to fig. 2, the micro-surface of the soft and hard alternate morphology bionic material is uneven. Referring to fig. 3, when the surfaces of the two soft and hard phase morphology bionic materials are in mutual loading contact, only the top ends of a few of the micro-convex bodies are in contact, because the actual contact area is extremely small, the contact pressure on the micro-convex bodies is extremely large, adhesion is generated at the contact peak under the action of factors such as load, instantaneous temperature and the like, and then the stress of the contact points is not changed any more, and the continuously increased load can be borne only by enlarging the contact area. During the friction process, the adhesion point is sheared under the action of tangential force to generate sliding, the shearing force is the adhesion friction force, and in most dry friction cases, the adhesion friction force can be regarded as the total friction force. Referring to fig. 4, the soft and hard interphase material has a 'soft-hard' interphase structure, and the mutual influence of the soft material and the hard material in the friction process makes the friction process more complicated than that of a single material. Under the same load action of the soft material or the hard material with single component, the actual contact area of the soft material is far larger than that of the hard material. However, for the soft-hard alternate bionic material, the actual contact area of the soft material and the hard material is affected due to the synergistic effect of the soft material and the hard material.
Based on the adhesion friction mechanism, the invention provides a novel method for preparing a corresponding soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material according to a required friction coefficient, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, determining the proportion of two materials with different elastic moduli; defining a material with small elastic modulus as a soft material and a material with large elastic modulus as a hard material; the soft and hard interphase materials have a soft-hard interphase structure, and the mutual influence of the soft materials and the hard materials in the friction process makes the friction process more complicated than that of a single material. Under the same load action of the soft material or the hard material with single component, the actual contact area of the soft material is far larger than that of the hard material. However, in the adhesion generation stage, due to the characteristics of the soft and hard interphase structure of the soft and hard interphase bionic material, the relative compression amount of the soft and hard material must be kept consistent, so that the actual contact area of the soft and hard material is changed, and further the load is redistributed. The soft-hard interphase bionic material can be characterized by the elastic modulus Es(modulus of elasticity of Soft Material) and Eh(modulus of elasticity of hard material) are expressed in two parameters. To analyze the modulus of elasticity EsAnd EhThe influence on the tribological process can be assumed to be c% by volume of soft material and 1-c% by volume of hard material. Due to the cooperation of soft and hard materialsEffect, the actual contact area of the soft material with the hard material is affected and, according to statistical methods, can be expressed as:
wherein A is the total contact area, As、AhThe actual contact area of the soft material and the actual contact area of the hard material are respectively.
According to the stick friction mechanism, the total normal load (W) can be expressed as:
W＝Ws+Wh＝c％AEsε+(1-c％)AEhε
wherein ε is the average strain at the point of adhesion, WsNormal load for soft material, WhNormal load of hard material;
and applying tangential force to the mutually contacted and loaded upper surfaces, wherein when the tangential force is large enough, the adhesion points are sheared, the upper surface and the lower surface slide relatively, and the tangential force is the adhesion friction force. For the soft and hard alternate bionic material, in the shearing stage of the adhesion point, because the adhesion condition of the soft and hard materials is different and the shearing condition of the soft and hard materials by the tangential force is different, the friction force can be expressed as:
F＝Asτs+Ahτh＝c％Aτs+(1-c％)Aτh
wherein, taus、τhThe shear limits for soft and hard materials, respectively.
The friction coefficient f of the soft and hard interphase bionic material can be obtained according to the coulomb friction law:
wherein f issIs the coefficient of friction of the soft material, fhIs the coefficient of friction of a hard material.
According to the material properties and the required friction coefficient of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material and the known friction coefficients of the soft and hard materials, the proportion of the soft and hard materials can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, c% is the volume percentage of the soft material; f is the friction coefficient of the soft and hard interphase bionic material; f. ofsIs the coefficient of friction of the soft material, fhCoefficient of friction for hard materials; esThe elastic modulus of the soft material; ehIs the modulus of elasticity of the hard material;
and step two, determining the basic size of the hard material. Obtaining the bionic material according to the specific form and the surface topography size of the expected soft and hard interphase topography bionic material;
and step three, preparing the soft-hard alternate bionic material under the same working condition by adopting other methods such as laser processing, 3D printing, physical blending and the like according to the ratio and the basic body size of the two materials with different elastic moduli obtained in the step one and the step two.
The materials with large elastic modulus of the expected soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material in the step two are arranged in a point shape, and the transverse distance of the materials with large elastic modulus is defined as a1A longitudinal distance of b1According to experience a1And b1In the range of 1-2 mm. The method for calculating the basic size of the material with large elastic modulus comprises the following steps:
21) the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials is determined. As shown in the surface structures (black circles) of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material shown in the figures 1a and 5, the structure is the superposition of the structures in the virtual frame, and according to the relation of the sizes of the structures in the virtual frame, the surface area of the material is a1b1Surface area of soft material is a1b1-πr2. According to the relation of the surface appearance and the size, the volume percentage of the soft material is determined as follows:
22) calculating the radius of the point-shaped hard material basic body, wherein the radius of the point-shaped hard material basic body is expressed as:
the materials with large elastic modulus of the expected soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material in the step two are arranged in a stripe shape, and the stripe interval is defined as a2According to experience a2In the range of 1-2 mm. The method for calculating the basic size of the material with large elastic modulus comprises the following steps:
31) the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials is determined. As shown in fig. 1b and fig. 6, the soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material surface structure (in the figure, the hard material is a black strip), according to the relationship of the surface morphology and size, determines the volume percentage of the soft material, including:
32) calculating the stripe width of the dot-shaped hard material base body, the stripe width of the dot-shaped hard material base body can be expressed as:
b2＝a2-c％*a2
the material with large elastic modulus of the expected soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material in the step two is arranged in a grid shape, and the stripe interval is defined as a3According to experience a3In the range of 1-2 mm. The method for calculating the basic size of the material with large elastic modulus comprises the following steps:
41) the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials is determined. As shown in fig. 1c and 7, the soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material surface structure (in the figure, the hard material is a black strip), according to the relationship of the surface morphology and size, determines the volume percentage of the soft material, including:
42) calculating the grid width of the hard material basic body, the grid width of the hard material basic body can be expressed as:
b3＝a3-sqrt(a3*a3-c％a3*a3)
example one
Given that the elastic modulus of the soft material is 160Mpa, the friction coefficient is 0.2, the elastic modulus of the hard material is 1200Mpa, and the friction coefficient is 0.1, the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material shown in fig. 1a and 5 is selected, and if the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material with the friction coefficient of 0.15 is expected to be prepared, the specific preparation method is as follows:
step one, determining the proportion of soft and hard materials. And selecting a proper proportion of soft and hard materials according to the requirements of the friction characteristics of the materials, namely the friction coefficient f of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic materials. The proportion of the soft and hard materials can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein c% is the volume percentage of soft materials, f is the friction coefficient of the soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material, f is the volume percentage of the soft materialssIs the coefficient of friction of the soft material, fhCoefficient of friction of hard materials, EsIs the modulus of elasticity of the soft material, EhIs the modulus of elasticity of a hard material. According to the characteristics of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material, the size of f is between fsAnd fhIn the meantime.
The volume percentage of the soft material can be obtained by substituting the specific parameters into the formula:
step two: the hard material basic body size is determined (the hard material is black circle in the figure). As shown in the surface structures of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material shown in the figures 1a and 5, the structure is the superposition of the virtual frame internal structure, and according to the relation of the virtual frame internal structure size, the surface area of the material is a1b1Surface area of soft material is a1b1-πr2. The volume percentage of the soft material determined according to the above formula is:
the radius of a basic body of point-like hard material can be expressed as:
and step three, preparing the soft and hard interphase bionic material obtained in the step one and the step two by adopting a 3D printing method under the same working condition as the step one.
Example two
Knowing that the elastic modulus of the soft material is 180Mpa, the friction coefficient is 0.21, the elastic modulus of the hard material is 1000Mpa and the friction coefficient is 0.11, selecting the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material shown in the figures 1b and 6, and if the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material with the friction coefficient of 0.14 is expected to be prepared, the specific preparation method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and determining the proportion of the soft and hard materials. And selecting a proper proportion of soft and hard materials according to the requirements of the friction characteristics of the materials, namely the friction coefficient f of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic materials. The proportion of the soft and hard materials can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein c% is the volume percentage of soft materials, f is the friction coefficient of the soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material, f is the volume percentage of the soft materialssIs the coefficient of friction of the soft material, fhCoefficient of friction of hard materials, EsIs the modulus of elasticity of the soft material, EhIs the modulus of elasticity of a hard material. According to the characteristics of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material, the size of f is between fsAnd fhIn the meantime.
The volume percentage of the soft material can be obtained by substituting the specific parameters into the formula:
step two: the hard material basic body size (the hard material is black bar in the figure) is determined. As shown in fig. 1b and fig. 6, the soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material surface structure determines the volume percentage of soft materials according to the relationship of the surface morphology and size, and comprises the following components:
the width of the strip-shaped basic body of hard material can be expressed as:
b2＝a2-0.7042a2＝0.2958a2
step three: and (4) preparing the soft-hard interphase bionic material obtained in the first step and the second step by adopting a laser processing method under the same working condition as the working condition of the first step.
EXAMPLE III
Knowing that the elastic modulus of the soft material is 150Mpa, the friction coefficient is 0.19, the elastic modulus of the hard material is 1100Mpa and the friction coefficient is 0.12, selecting the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material shown in fig. 1c and 7, and if the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material with the friction coefficient of 0.16 is expected to be prepared, the specific preparation method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and determining the proportion of the soft and hard materials. And selecting a proper proportion of soft and hard materials according to the requirements of the friction characteristics of the materials, namely the friction coefficient f of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic materials. The proportion of the soft and hard materials can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein c% is the volume percentage of soft materials, f is the friction coefficient of the soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material, f is the volume percentage of the soft materialssIs the coefficient of friction of the soft material, fhCoefficient of friction of hard materials, EsIs the modulus of elasticity of the soft material, EhIs the modulus of elasticity of a hard material. According to the characteristics of the soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material, the size of f is between fsAnd fhIn the meantime.
The volume percentage of the soft material can be obtained by substituting the specific parameters into the formula:
step two: the hard material basic body size (the hard material is black bar in the figure) is determined. As shown in fig. 1c and 7, the soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material surface structure determines the volume percentage of soft materials according to the relationship of the surface morphology and size, and comprises the following components:
the grid width of the basic body of hard material can be expressed as:
b3＝a3-sqrt(a3*a3-0.8462a3*a3)
step three: and (4) preparing the soft-hard interphase bionic material obtained in the first step and the second step by adopting a laser processing method under the same working condition as the working condition of the first step.
The prepared soft and hard alternate morphology bionic material is simple in method and shows excellent wear resistance, tensile property and impact resistance, wherein the bionic material with the bionic coupling unit bodies with a certain rule distributed on the surface is formed by taking the body surfaces of dung beetles, earthworms and other soil animals as a prototype, and the bionic material shows excellent resistance reduction and wear resistance characteristics and is used in engineering practice, so that good economic benefit and social benefit are obtained.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material based on friction performance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, determining the proportion of two materials with different elastic moduli; defining a material with small elastic modulus as a soft material and a material with large elastic modulus as a hard material; according to the material properties and the required friction coefficient of the expected soft and hard interphase morphology bionic material, the proportion of the soft and hard material can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, c% is the volume percentage of the soft material; f is the friction coefficient of the soft and hard interphase bionic material; f. ofsIs the coefficient of friction of the soft material, fhCoefficient of friction for hard materials; esThe elastic modulus of the soft material; ehIs the modulus of elasticity of the hard material;
secondly, determining the basic body size of the material with large elastic modulus; obtaining the bionic material according to the specific form and the surface topography size of the expected soft and hard interphase topography bionic material;
and step three, preparing the soft and hard interphase bionic material by adopting laser processing, 3D printing and physical blending methods according to the ratio and the basic body size of the two materials with different elastic moduli obtained in the step one and the step two.
2. The method for preparing a bionic material with a morphology between soft and hard phases based on friction performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material with a large elastic modulus of the expected bionic material with morphology between soft and hard phases in the step two is arranged in a dot shape, that is, a series of dot-shaped hard materials with a large elastic modulus are uniformly distributed on the soft material with a small elastic modulus, and the transverse distance between the hard materials is defined as a1A longitudinal distance of b1According to experience a1And b1In the range of 1-2mm, the calculation method of the radius r of the basic body of punctiform hard material comprises the following steps:
21) determining the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials; the surface area of the material in the local area is a1b1Surface area of soft material is a1b1-πr2(ii) a According to the relation of the surface appearance and the size, the volume percentage of the soft material is determined as follows:
22) calculating the radius of the hard material basic body; the radius of the point-like hard material basic body is expressed as:
3. the method for preparing a bionic material with a soft-hard interphase morphology based on friction performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expected bionic material with a soft-hard interphase morphology in the second step is arranged in a shape of stripes between the soft and hard phases, and the distance between the stripes is a2According to experience a2In the range of 1-2mm, the stripe width b of the strip-shaped hard material basic body2The calculation method comprises the following steps:
31) determining the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials, and determining the volume percentage of the soft materials according to the relationship of the surface appearance size, wherein the volume percentage comprises the following steps:
32) calculating the width of the hard material basic body, and expressing the stripe width of the strip-shaped hard material basic body as follows:
b2＝a2-c％*a2。
4. the method for preparing a bionic material with a morphology between soft and hard phases based on friction performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hard material of the bionic material with the morphology between soft and hard phases expected in the second step is arranged in a grid shape, and the grid distance is a3According to experience a3In the range of 1-2mm, b of the grid width of the basic body of hard material3The calculation method comprises the following steps:
41) determining the relationship between the size of the soft and hard materials and the proportion of the two materials, and determining the volume percentage of the soft materials according to the relationship of the surface appearance size, wherein the volume percentage comprises the following steps:
42) calculating the width of the basic body of hard material, the grid width of the basic body of hard material can be expressed as:
b3＝a3-sqrt(a3*a3-c％a3*a3)。
5. the method for preparing the soft-hard interphase morphology bionic material based on the friction performance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the two materials with different elastic moduli are both polymer materials or metal materials.
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| CN108122279B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-10-29 | 山东理工大学 | The method for imitating the clean dung beetle sand dune shape convex closure design pit type bionics plow moldboard of the legendary god of farming |
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| CN109677082B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-09-08 | 吉林大学 | Beetle-imitated coleoptera impact-resistant material |
| CN111411358A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-14 | 青岛科技大学 | Preparation method of transverse soft-hard alternated self-lubricating coating |
| CN113386343B (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2023-04-07 | 吉林大学 | Additive manufacturing method of lightweight rigid-flexible coupling heterostructure |
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