CN107085105A - The strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip - Google Patents
The strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN107085105A CN107085105A CN201610100300.6A CN201610100300A CN107085105A CN 107085105 A CN107085105 A CN 107085105A CN 201610100300 A CN201610100300 A CN 201610100300A CN 107085105 A CN107085105 A CN 107085105A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- G01N33/571—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses for venereal disease, e.g. syphilis, gonorrhoea
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip, belong to analysis testing field.It is a technical goal to make controller used in syphilis diagnosis with the substrate of micro-fluidic chip with dimethyl silicone polymer i.e. PDMS that is cheap and easily processing;But, its surface of the material is strongly hydrophobic, and targetedly surface is modified or surface modification, and its effect is difficult to persistently, and this case aims to solve the problem that the serial relevant issues.This case main points are, the selected PDMS with ecosystem surface of substrate, and fastening is positioned at the test liquid stream terminal of the micro-fluidic chip its neighbor positions manually by the hinge-type fixture for being attached to miniature ultrasonic transducer units, simultaneously, ultrasonic wave damper is installed at the sample introduction end of the micro-fluidic chip, reach ultrasonic intensity rapid decrement in short distance, so as to form interfacial tension difference at the two ends of the chip, thereby facilitate test liquid stream to be flowed along originally hydrophobic capillary channel to the terminal direction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip, the device is to be based on antigen
The reaction of/antibody specificity carrys out the special purpose device of Diagnosis of Syphilis antigen, belongs to analysis testing field.
Background technology
The micro-fluidic controller used in syphilis diagnosis technical background of associated multi-channel, may refer to the grade applications for a patent for invention of CN 200910152141.4
Case.
Only for the microflow control technique overall general picture of itself, it may refer to famous micro-fluidic expert Mr. Lin Ping Cheng and go out not long ago
Monograph " diagram Microfluid based Lab on a chip ", the monograph is published via Science Press, and the monograph is to microflow control technique
Past, now, and, in terms of vision of the future etc., suffer from detail, be deep into long discussion of detail.
So, the Important Problems of this case that to have a talk below concern.
The basic framework of micro-fluidic chip, including it is etched with the substrate of small fluid course and the cover plate fit together therewith,
Small fluid course on the substrate, assembling upper cover plate before, it is apparent on see to be exactly some micro-channels, wait until thereon
After covering cover plate, just real closure forms the small fluid course, and the conduit inner surface of the micro-channel is together with surround this
The part cover plate of micro-channel constitutes described small fluid course together;So, it is clear that this after assembling is completed is small
Fluid course, the major part of its inner surface area is the inner surface area of that micro-channel, in other words, in the micro-channel
The state or property on surface substantially determine the integrality or property of the small fluid course;Therefore say, this is built in base
The inner surface state or inner surface property of micro-channel on piece are key factors;In principle, it is any to keep or protecting substantially
The material of its solid forms is held, can be used to make substrate and cover plate, such as, the material that can act as substrate and cover plate can be with
It is monocrystalline silicon piece, quartz plate, sheet glass, high polymer such as dimethyl silicone polymer, polymethyl methacrylate, makrolon etc.
Deng;Certainly, the selection of substrate and the selection of cover plate be able to can also be differed with identical;From material consumption, manufacture difficulty and
From the point of view of in terms of application popularization prospect etc., between these materials exist not small difference, the especially selection of that substrate, influence compared with
Greatly.
In various substrate making materials, dimethyl silicone polymer, i.e. PDMS, comparatively very easily shaping, so
Substrate on make that micro-channel is extremely simple, and the lower cost for material makes substrate with the polydimethyl siloxane material,
Micro-channel is being suppressed or etched thereon, and is being engaged with the cover plate that the cheap material such as glass or polypropylene or other plastic sheets makes,
It is a kind of more satisfactory selection seemingly;Certainly, patch material can also select to use cheap polydimethyl siloxane material:
So, this substrate selection is the scheme of polydimethyl siloxane material, and material is extremely cheap, makes extremely simple, seems and should also be as
It is extremely easy to popularize, promotes.
But, thing is really not so simple.
First, this polydimethyl siloxane material, that is, the material that the letter PDMS that abridges is referred to, itself are a kind of strong
Hydrophobic material, micro-channel is built on this material, if without being operated for the modified of the micro-channel surface, then,
After overall assembling is completed, that is, cover after cover plate, because the micro-channel its inner surface in structure occupies most liquid circulation
The inner surface in road, then, its strong hydrophobic property of the PDMS micro-channels inner surface, is deciding factor, it can cause class
Be similar to the aqueous solution the fine liquid stream of polar liquid by becoming very difficult, its flow resistance is big, or even general Micropump is all
It is difficult to promote, certainly, if cover plate also selects to use the PDMS material, then, problem is substantially identical, similar;
Therefore, among prior art, modification is modified particular for the micro-channel inner surface on the PDMS material, is necessary
Operation;So, this is pretty troublesome for the modified operation of PDMS micro-channel inner surfacesThat falls nor this problem, structure
Perplex into serious technical, be another problem:PDMS polymer molecules tool inside its body phase of this PDMS material substrate
There are PDMS polymer molecules inside the characteristic for diffusing to the surface, migrating automatically, this substrate body phase to diffuse to the surface, move automatically
The characteristic of shifting, will cause the state after modification by its inner surface of that micro-channel of surface modifying and decorating can not maintain foot
Enough long time, the holding time for micro-channel its inner surface state after that is surface-modified is substantially only sufficient to complete in laboratory
The time of portion's test experiments needs;In other words, by surface modification or the PDMS micro-channel inner surfaces of surface modification, its
The surface state that is formed can not be lasting after modification or after saying modification, but soon automatically tend to or say and become surface again and change
Surface state before property, returns to the strong hydrophobic surface state of that script in the shorter time, then, just think,
Such micro-fluidic chip can largely make, mass storage, be widely popularized, and answer is it is obvious that is, impossible.
Micro-channel on this PDMS material, can not pump similar to the fine liquid stream of polar solvent of the aqueous solution if not doing surface modification
Send and pass through, chip also cannot just be used;And if having done surface modification, the state after its modification can not be persistently kept again, also
Being equally can not popularization and application.
So, how to accomplish that substrate can either be made using cheap PDMS material, and table in the micro-channel can be released
Face decorating state can not persistently, chip can not largely make, largely lay in so that be widely popularized it is such a make this area it is numerous specially
The puzzlement that industry personnel are entangled with for a long time, the highly difficult problem that exactly one its obvious technology barrier can not despise.
Be present many year in the highly difficult problem, so far, not yet properly settled.
Second, the PDMS material of non-surface modification, above it is stated that, its surface is strongly hydrophobic, this strong hydrophobic
Material surface and also another problem, that is, this strong hydrophobic PDMS surfaces can adsorb large biological molecule, and
And, these adsorbed large biological molecules can also further depression further on PDMS surfaces, gradually fall into gradually deep, directly
It is trapped in heavy within the body phase of PDMS substrates, in fact, this process is partly also due to inside PDMS material body phase
Polymer molecule, which has, to be diffused to the surface, caused by travel motion;Such case, can also be explained from another angle, i.e.
Continuously from inside PDMS body phases to its diffusion into the surface, migration those polymer molecules, its result moved, be by
Gradually those are involved within the body phase of PDMS substrates by the large biological molecule of adsorption, briefly, these are inhaled
Attached large biological molecule is exactly to be swallowed up by PDMS substrate body phases;So, this PDMS substrates body phase swallows up large biological molecule
Phenomenon, the influence caused by it necessarily causes the severe deviations of all kinds of test data of experiment for being related to large biological molecule.
As described above, be the problem of PDMS substrates, its not only adsorption large biological molecule, and swallow up large biological molecule,
So, as the large biological molecule of experiment test object, its disappearance will not stop because the absorption of surface saturation, but, no
It is disconnected adsorbed, also constantly swallowed up.
On PDMS substrates in related experiment test process its body phase constantly swallow up test associated biomolecule macromolecular phenomenon, separately
It is to say that one kind, which is explained, there are substantial amounts of Minute pores in PDMS body phases, and associated biomolecule macromolecular is by after adsorption, depression
Into these Minute pores, and then swallowed up;However, inventor thinks, those can allow the air point of miniature scale
Son squeezes into the Minute pores therebetween, and being not equal to them also can directly allow that the large biological molecule of relative large scale enters, and two
Person's difference on yardstick is huge, must not make sweeping generalizations.Explanation is bypassed, in any case, the biology of object is analyzed as dependence test
Macromolecular is adsorbed by PDMS substrate micro-channels inner surface, and then is constantly swallowed up by PDMS substrate body phases, and this is known objective
The phenomenon of presence.
, can be from containment PDMS surfaces to life in order to prevent this PDMS substrate bodies relative to the effect of swallowing up of large biological molecule
The absorption of thing macromolecular is addressed, and method is chemically modified modification aiming at the PDMS material surface, for
For PDMS is the situation of substrate material, modification exactly is chemically modified to the surface of described micro-channel part, by changing
The micro-channel inner surface of modification is learned, its absorption to large biological molecule can be contained, and then avoid large biological molecule quilt
PDMS substrate body phases are swallowed up;But, or that old problem, that is, the chemical modification on PDMS material surface changes
Surface state after property can not persistently be kept, the polymer molecule inside the PDMS substrate body phases its diffuse to the surface automatically,
The process of migration, soon can become that micro-channel inner surface state being modified by surface chemical modification again script strong and dredge
Water and the state of strong adsorption large biological molecule, in other words, no matter how professionals in the field turn from side to side, the PDMS
Its micro-channel inner surface of substrate is always rapidly to strong hydrophobic surface state evolution.
So, how can either obtain that PDMS material price is extremely cheap, substrate makes extremely easy benefit, can reach again
Growth stage contains absorption process of the PDMS substrate micro-channel inner surfaces to large biological molecule, and then prevents PDMS substrate body phases
The effect of swallowing up to large biological molecule so that related chip manufactured goods are able to maintain that a prolonged enough, rational shelf-life,
It is exactly a very intractable problem.The problem makes the numerous specialties in this area as another problem addressed above, equally
Personnel are entangled with, perplexed for a long time, and the problem is equally the highly difficult problem that its obvious technology barrier can not despise.The hardly possible
Also be present many year in topic, so far, also not yet properly settled.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a package solution, solve what is addressed above totally
Two problems, also, the solution is used into multichannel micro-fluidic chip field applied to controller used in syphilis diagnosis, formed a kind of new
Controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device.
The present invention solves the technical problem by following scheme, and the device that the program is provided is a kind of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip
Strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device, the structure of the device includes multichannel micro-fluidic chip, the knot of the micro-fluidic chip
Structure includes installing substrate and cover plate together bonded to each other, and the substrate and cover plate are plate object or tablet, the substrate
Contain the channel structure via mould pressing process or etching technics formation towards that face of the cover plate, the substrate also contains and the conduit
Structure is connected and pierces the window structure via the formation of mould pressing process, etching technics or simple drilling technology of the substrate, mutually
The substrate together and the cover plate is jointly mounted to be built into jointly containing pipeline configuration and the liquid pool structure being attached thereto
Micro-fluidic chip, the locations of structures of the pipeline is located at the substrate and cover plate interface zone bonded to each other, its side quilt of the window
The cover plate is blocked and opposite side is opened, and the locations of structures of the window is exactly the locations of structures of the liquid pool, and the quantity of the liquid pool is
Three, its locations of structures of two liquid pools therein is located at the sample introduction end of the micro-fluidic chip, its locations of structures of a remaining liquid pool
The terminal that liquid flows in its chip during sample introduction test actual positioned at the micro-fluidic chip, the terminal is located remotely from each other with the sample introduction end,
One end of the pipeline via be similarly positioned in the manifold shape turnout of the interface zone bonded to each other respectively with positioned at sample introduction end this two
Individual liquid pool UNICOM, the other end of the pipeline and a remaining liquid pool UNICOM for the terminal positioned at the micro-fluidic chip, with
And, the working electrode that is sequentially respectively installed in the pipeline on diverse location and to electrode and reference electrode, the work electricity
Pole is made up of conductive electrode and the gold size sensitive membrane for having embedded syphilis specific antibody being attached on the conductive electrode, should
The construction of pipeline is in parallel construction, and the pipeline in parallel construction is made up of four lateral parallel connections, the working electrode
Quantity is four, and the installation position of four working electrodes is located in four laterals respectively, and, this four work
Specific antibody in the sensitive membrane structure of its top layer gold size of electrode is that the four kinds of syphilis that can be specifically bound to Treponema pallidum antigen resist respectively
Body material, four kinds of antibody materials are syphilis specific antibody TP0684, TP0453, TP0821 and TP0319 respectively, described
Its material of working electrode is gold material or thermal decomposition conducting polymer material, and sheet or silk is presented in its pattern of the working electrode
Shape, emphasis is that its material of the substrate is dimethyl silicone polymer material, and its surface of the substrate is the surface of primary form, the original
The surface of raw form its be intended to refer to not by any surface chemical modification or the original of the material of any surface chemical modification
The surface of raw form, the structure of the device also includes hinge-type fixture, hinge-type fixture its appearance profile likeness in form hinge, the conjunction
Page fixture by two hinges being mutually hinged and through a fastening screw of two hinges and one with should
The nut for being used for fastening and hand break loose manually that fastening screw is matched and connected together with the fastening screw is constituted, the hinge-type
Two hinges of fixture are respectively mutually drawn close with its tip and clamp the micro-fluidic chip, and the tip is positioned at the micro-fluidic chip
Fixation, which is attached, in the locations of structures of the neighbouring terminal, in a hinge at least in is equiped with miniature ultrasonic transducing
Device, and, higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable, one end and the miniature ultrasonic of the higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable are changed
Energy device links together;The hinge-type fixture facilitates the function that the device is disassembled there is provided one;The miniature ultrasonic transducer units its
Major function is that in the test of micro-fluidic chip actual sample introduction, the ultrasonic wave launched using it reduces sample solution and the pipe
Interfacial tension between the inwall in road, can be compatible, also, miniature super with this using the sample introduction end and the terminal
Difference in the distance between acoustic wave transducer installation position difference and its ultrasonic intensity experienced, described in induced synthesis
Interfacial tension between difference between its interfacial tension of sample introduction end and the terminal its interfacial tension, the micro-fluidic chip two ends
Difference can form pressure gap between the two ends of the micro-fluidic chip, and the pressure gap can drive sample solution to the terminal
Flowing;Its function of the miniature ultrasonic transducer units also includes checking big point of biology contained in sample with its ultrasonic wave launched
Its absorption on the inner surface of pipeline of son, and then check its body phase of the substrate of the dimethyl silicone polymer material to biology greatly
The effect of swallowing up of molecule;The substrate of the dimethyl silicone polymer material its function include with cover plate and working electrode and to electrode and
Reference electrode together builds the micro-fluidic chip, soft and have the substrate of the dimethyl silicone polymer material of elasticity its function and also wrap
Include with its property to the strong absorption of ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave is absorbed strongly, and thereby in the micro-fluidic chip, the terminal is arrived
The rapid decrement of ultrasonic intensity is realized within limited short distance between the sample introduction end;And, ultrasonic wave damper, this surpasses
Its profile of sound wave damper is in block, tabular or bar-shaped;Its material of the ultrasonic wave damper is microcellular rubber, sponge rubber or poly-
Urethane micro-pore elastomer;And, elastic clip, the elastic force accompanies two clamping limbs, and the medial surface of each clamping limb is pressed from both sides with another
The medial surface of gripping arm is relative, and the medial surface of one of clamping limb is close to the sample introduction end of the micro-fluidic chip, another clamping limb
Medial surface be close to the ultrasonic wave damper, the elastic clip is with its gripping strength by the sample introduction end of the micro-fluidic chip and the ultrasound
Ripple damper is clipped together bonded to each otherly, and the strong abatement to ultrasonic wave that the ultrasonic wave damper is brought with its material is made
With further support realizes ultrasonic intensity within micro-fluidic chip terminal to the limited short distance between the sample introduction end
Rapid decrement, and thereby further expand the difference between described its interfacial tension of sample introduction end and the terminal its interfacial tension.
Described miniature ultrasonic transducer units can certainly be all installed in two hinges;But, only installing one is micro-
Type ultrasonic transducer is dealt with enough to be used.
The word of hinge one art-recognized meanings of itself are known.
The gold size sensitive membrane is to be sufficiently mixed chitosan gold size solution and syphilis specific antibody-solutions uniformly, uses point sample instrument
Point sample is coated on specified structure position, and forms its drying and forming-film.Syphilis specific antibody in the gold size sensitive membrane is equal
The syphilis antibody marked for horseradish peroxidase or glucose oxidase, the gold size sensitive membrane has been included as fixing above-mentioned each
Syphilis specific antibody and introduce complementary medium therein, the complementary medium such as chitosan, cellulose acetate, gelatin
Therein a kind of or their mixture.
The pipeline and the lateral and the manifold shape turnout in the microfluidic chip structure, its internal diameter chi
It is very little to may each be arbitrarily selected size, still, use the consideration in terms of prepare liquid sample and reduction reagent loss less for trying one's best,
The passage of capillary level, the capillary level are preferably selected in the pipeline and the lateral and the manifold shape turnout
Passage imply that its internal diameter passage suitable with the internal diameter of the capillary on ordinary meaning.Its inner passage of capillary it is transversal
Face shape can be arbitrary shape, the shape of cross section is for example circular, oval, square, rectangle, bar shaped, certainly
Can be arbitrarily exist bending it is linear, also, the capillary interior shape with the extension of pipeline, different parts
Shape of cross section can also allow to be different shapes.Only for the word of capillary one, its art-recognized meanings is known.
What is be related in structure is the electrode of microsize to electrode and reference electrode, and its electrode shape may each be any choosing
Fixed shape, the arbitrarily selected shape such as square piece shape, rectangular patch, strip or round sheet etc..It is described to electricity
The art-recognized meanings of pole and the reference electrode vocabulary of itself are known.
It is related to several liquid pools in this case microfluidic chip structure, the liquid pool is the pond shape or scrotiform structure for transitional liquid storage
Make, its shape of the inner chamber of each liquid pool may each be arbitrarily selected shape, the cavity shape such as cylindrical empty
Cavity-like, square column type cavity-like, oblong cavity shape or spherical hollow space shape etc..The size of the liquid pool can be arbitrarily selected
Size, still, in order to use prepare liquid sample and reduction reagent loss less as far as possible, the liquid pool is preferably capable of and capillary
The liquid pool of the microminiature of matching.
It is public only for professional of the word of ultrasonic transducer one art-recognized meanings of itself for ultrasonic technology field
Know.
Various sizes, variously-shaped ultrasonic transducer are commercially available;Commercially available miniature ultrasonic transducer units its sizes can be with
It is small to the magnitude only calculated with millimeter.
Only with regard to miniature ultrasonic transducer units its technique for fixing on general industry application solid body surface itself and
Speech, is known general technology for the professional in ultrasonic technology field.This case is not to this expansion superfluous words.
Only with regard to naked PDMS substrates itself micro-channel molding or lithographic technique for, be open-and-shut known technology;Together
Sample, the technology of hole-opening is even more known simple technique on naked PDMS substrates.This case is not also to this expansion superfluous words.
The industrial products market of involved its all size of higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable is on sale.
The structure of the device can also include higher-order of oscillation electric signal generator;Its is another for the higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable
One end can be connected with the higher-order of oscillation electric signal generator.
The involved higher-order of oscillation electric signal generator technology of itself, for the professional in ultrasonic technology field, be
It is simple and known;The higher-order of oscillation electric signal generator can be customized to ultrasonic instrument specialized factory.
The preferred scope of its specified ultrasonic wave transmission power of the miniature ultrasonic transducer units be between 5 milliwatts and 9000 milliwatts it
Between;The preferred scope of the frequency of its ultrasonic wave operationally launched of the miniature ultrasonic transducer units be between 100KHz with
Between 12MHz.
This case device can further include some annexes, the annex such as multiple tracks electrochemical workstation etc., institute certainly
The art-recognized meanings for stating multiple tracks electrochemical workstation are known.Each working electrode for being related in this case microfluidic chip structure and
, can be respectively via corresponding special the corresponding interface got lines crossed with the multiple tracks electrochemical workstation to electrode and reference electrode etc.
Coupled.It is described that special to get lines crossed be for each the corresponding interface of each electrode and the multiple tracks electrochemical workstation is carried out into phase
The private cable being mutually coupled with.The micro-fluidic chip in this case device, its structure can also include micro-valve, the number of the micro-valve
Amount is not limited, according to actual needs, and the micro-valve can be installed in any required position installed in the microfluidic chip structure;
The word of micro-valve one is for the professional of micro fluidic chip technical field, and the art-recognized meanings of itself are known;The micro-valve
The manufacturing technology of itself and the use of technology is also known;The component that the micro-valve is not required.
The diameter of the working electrode can allow to be that any setting is easily installed the suitable diameter used, it is however recommended to
Or say preferred its scope of the diameter between 0.1 micron to 2000 microns;The length of the working electrode can permit
Permitted to be that any setting is easily installed the length used, it is however recommended to or to say preferred its scope of the length be at 1 micron
To between 15000 microns.
The gold size for being installed in the working electrode surface layer by spraying or point sample instrument point sample or the coating of other appropriate process is quick
Feel film, its thicknesses of layers can allow be any setting treat sample measuring liquid occur electrical signals response thickness, still, push away
Preferred thickness is between 10 nanometers and 200 nanometers in other words for the thickness recommended.
The cover plate in chip structure, its material can allow to be any electrical insulating property material, for example:Polypropylene, glass
Glass, polymethyl methacrylate, dimethyl silicone polymer, etc., in order to make smaller size of micro-fluidic chip, such as do
Realized into the micro-fluidic chip of only 2.0 centimetres to 3.0 centimetres of super-small of length, and in the extremely short distance to ultrasonic wave
Extremely fast decay, can preferably dimethyl silicone polymer be used as cover plate.Certainly, selected on large-sized micro-fluidic chip
It is used as the cover plate using dimethyl silicone polymer, is also that this case technical scheme is allowed.
Positioned at the sample introduction end of the micro-fluidic chip two liquid pools its with positioned at the micro-fluidic chip terminal this is remaining
Air line distance between one liquid pool can be arbitrarily selected suitable distance as needed, and still, the preferred value of the distance is
Between 3 centimetres and 7 centimetres.
Described its thickness of cover plate and substrate can allow be any setting be easy to assembling thickness, the thickness of recommendation or say preferably
Thickness be between 1.0 millimeters and 5.0 millimeters.Less thickness is conducive to saving material.
Described its size of ultrasonic wave damper is not limited, and described its length of ultrasonic wave damper, width, thickness may each be basis
Need the arbitrary size of setting.
It is known in field of rubber technology only for the word of microcellular rubber one art-recognized meanings of itself.
The microcellular rubber is commercially available.
It is known in field of rubber technology only for the word of sponge rubber one art-recognized meanings of itself.
The sponge rubber is commercially available.
It is known in technical field of macromolecules only for the word of microporous polyurethane elastomer one art-recognized meanings of itself.
The polyurethane micropore elastomer material is commercially available.
The microcellular rubber preferred microporous silicon rubber or micropore fluorubber.
It is known in field of rubber technology only for the word of micropore silicon rubber one art-recognized meanings of itself.
The microporous silicon Rubber market is on sale.
It is known in field of rubber technology only for the word of micropore fluorubber one art-recognized meanings of itself.
The micropore fluorubber is commercially available.
The word of elastic clip one art-recognized meanings of itself are known.
The elastic clip is commercially available.
The application method of this case micro-fluidic chip:
Proposed first based on this case and the first public New stream driving principle, its application running of this case micro-fluidic chip
In, the New stream driving method is determined completely without involving any additional Micropump.
The interfacial tension difference of this case to be formed between micro-fluidic chip two ends caused by the ultrasonic wave, drives liquid
Stream flows in the capillary channel of the four-way micro-fluidic chip, using four-way electrochemical analytical instrument respectively to four kinds of syphilis
Diagnostic antigen is detected.
The specific detection of this case micro-fluidic chip is as follows using step:
1st, blood serum sample liquid is added in micro-pipe road, under ultrasonic wave driving, various Treponema pallidum antigen molecules are by each passage
The syphilis specific antibody capture for the corresponding horseradish peroxidase-labeled that gold size sensitive membrane is embedded on electrode surface.
2nd, the Treponema pallidum antigen formation immune complex in the syphilis specific antibody and blood serum sample of horseradish peroxidase-labeled.
3rd, using multi-channel electrochemical analyzer, the electron mediators such as catechol are added, using the above-mentioned reaction of amperometric detection
Caused curent change, is derived from the species and content of various analytes.
4th, result is subjected to comprehensive analysis, comprehensive diagnos is carried out to Treponema pallidum antigen.
It is an advantage of the invention that its close position positions the hinge-type fixture in the terminal of the micro-fluidic chip, with
The miniature ultrasonic transducer units installed, the low-power launched using it, high-frequency band are attached in its hinge of the hinge-type fixture
Ultrasonic wave so that without surface chemical modification or surface chemical modification strong hydrophobic micro-fluidic chip internal pipeline its
Compatibility between tube wall and the test object aqueous solution is significantly increased, and this passes through possible there is provided a reality for test liquid stream
Property;Meanwhile, using its strong absorbability to ultrasonic wave of dimethyl silicone polymer substrate, in shorter distance, also
Be, from the terminal to the very short distance of only several centimeters yardsticks the sample introduction end in, reach the quick of ultrasonic intensity
Successively decrease, the difference of the interfacial tension is thereby caused at the two ends of the micro-fluidic chip, and then, using between the two ends
Pressure gap between its two ends for being formed of the difference of interfacial tension, driving test liquid stream is strongly hydrophobic in such a script
Capillary channel in the terminal direction flow.By this case liquid stream drive scheme, entirely without must be to the polydimethylsiloxanes
The substrate and its internal pipeline of alkane material carry out any surface chemical modification or chemical modification, have altogether dispensed with the surface chemistry and have repaiied
The laborious procedures of decorations or chemical modification;And altogether dispense with the equipment of traditional Micropump etc;On the other hand, this is low
The ultrasonic wave of power, high-frequency band, additionally it is possible to contain the large biological molecule in sample in the literalness naked polydimethylsiloxanes
Absorption on its inner surface of pipeline of alkyl piece, and then contain its body phase of the dimethyl silicone polymer substrate to the large biological molecule
The effect of swallowing up;The Reversible binding thing of the antigen, antibody and antigen and antibody is all to belong to described large biological molecule certainly
Type;Because described suction-operated and the described effect of swallowing up effectively are contained that therefore, dependence test result will more
Actual conditions can objectively be reflected;The effect of the low-power, high-frequency band ultrasonic wave, also includes facilitating antigen, antibody certainly
Between Reversible binding reaction quick reaching, this causes dependence test operation can be to be completed than faster speed.
Due to the surface chemical modification for the dimethyl silicone polymer substrate its relevant surfaces or chemical modification behaviour need not be carried out
Make, therefore, this surface chemical modification layer or chemically modified layer not need to exist, then, the dimethyl silicone polymer
Its body phase interior polymer molecule of substrate constantly diffuses to the surface automatically, migrate caused by it to surface chemical modification layer or
The damaging influence of chemically modified layer is also just not present.
This case its installation position is located at the ultrasonic wave damper at the sample introduction end, from its terminal of this case micro-fluidic chip to
Said on the sport technique segment that ultrasonic intensity rapid decrement is realized in the such short distance in sample introduction end, its effect of the ultrasonic wave damper is suitable
In the size expansion device of micro-fluidic chip, in other words, the ultrasonic wave damper its function as and significantly extend miniflow
Its terminal of chip is controlled the distance between to sample introduction end, is the equal of from several centimetres of extension of script to more than ten centimetres of length
Or twenties centimetres of length or longer length, so so that described terminal to the ultrasonic wave between sample introduction end in short distance
The sport technique segment of intensity rapid decrement can relatively easily be reached, also, the size expansion device namely the ultrasonic wave damper
Its installation and removal is all very convenient, it is important that it can also be reused.
The technical scheme of this case has dissolved its application related one to dimethyl silicone polymer substrate addressed above totally
Row technical barrier.Based on this case scheme, this kind very cheap polydimethyl siloxane material is just possible in the micro-fluidic chip
Prepare, production, using etc. field play bigger effect.
The miniature ultrasonic transducer units have been installed in fixation in the hinge-type fixture its hinge in this case structure, and the structure is provided
One facilitates the function that the device is disassembled, in this way, the hinge-type fixture is together with appended miniature ultrasonic transducer units in its hinge
Just easily it can be mutually disengaged with the micro-fluidic chip, then, the component that the part can freely depart from just can circulate benignly ground
Reuse many times;The architectural feature is conducive to saving the use cost of the device.
The ultrasonic wave damper is depicted without in legend;Also the elastic clip is depicted without in legend.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of this case device embodiment chip part construction, it is shown that the depression angle of this structure
Under chip internal pipeline and each electrode and each related liquid pool structural form, do not depict in the figure hinge-type fixture with
And its miniature ultrasonic transducer units set up in hinge and other annexes.
Fig. 2 is its rough outside side view of this case device.
In figure, 1,2,10 be the different liquid pool of three installation positions respectively, and 3 be manifold shape turnout, 4,7,11,14
It is that installation position is different but four laterals parallel with one another for forming UNICOM's structure in parallel respectively, 5 be to be installed in lateral 4
The working electrode that specific antibody material in the interior sensitive membrane structure of its top layer gold size is syphilis specific antibody TP0684,6
It is that specific antibody material in the sensitive membrane structure of its top layer gold size being installed in lateral 7 is syphilis specific antibody
TP0453 working electrode, 12 be the specific antibody in the sensitive membrane structure of its top layer gold size being installed in lateral 11
Material is syphilis specific antibody TP0821 working electrode, and 13 be that its top layer gold size being installed in lateral 14 is sensitive
The working electrode that specific antibody material in membrane structure is syphilis specific antibody TP0319,8 be that, to electrode, 9 be reference electricity
Pole, 15 be hinge-type fixture, and 16 indicate linkwork positions, and 17 be fastening screw, and 18 be higher-order of oscillation electric signal
Transmission cable, 19 be miniature ultrasonic transducer units, and 20,25 be two different hinges of locations of structures respectively, and 21 be cover plate,
22 be substrate, and 23 be sample introduction end, and 24 be terminal, and 26 be nut;The hinge-type clamp structure in legend is only signal
Legend structure, actual its structure of the hinge-type fixture is not limited to the legend hinge-type clamp structure;Arrow sign in legend
The micro-fluidic chip its in actual motion, by pressure at two ends difference drive, the flow direction of its test liquid stream.
Embodiment
In this case that Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are shown embodiment, the structure of the device includes multichannel micro-fluidic chip, and this is micro-
The structure of fluidic chip includes the substrate 22 and cover plate 21 of installing bonded to each other together, and the substrate 22 and cover plate 21 are
Contain what is formed via mould pressing process or etching technics in plate object or tablet, that face towards the cover plate 21 of the substrate 22
Channel structure, the substrate 22 also containing be connected with the channel structure and pierce the substrate via mould pressing process, etching technics
Or the window structure of simple drilling technology formation, substrate 22 bonded to each other being installed together is built into jointly with the cover plate 21
Micro-fluidic chip containing pipeline configuration and the liquid pool structure being attached thereto, the liquid pool is liquid pool 1, liquid pool 2, liquid pool
10, the locations of structures of the pipeline is located at the substrate 22 and the cover plate 21 interface zone bonded to each other, and its side of the window is by this
Cover plate 21 is blocked and opposite side is opened, and the locations of structures of the window is exactly the structure position of the liquid pool 1, liquid pool 2, liquid pool 10
Put, the quantity of the liquid pool is three, two liquid pools therein are liquid pool 1 and its locations of structures of liquid pool 2 positioned at the micro-fluidic core
The sample introduction end 23 of piece, a remaining liquid pool is that liquid pool 10 its locations of structures is located at when the actual sample introduction of the micro-fluidic chip is tested it
The terminal 24 that liquid flows in chip, the terminal 24 is located remotely from each other with the sample introduction end 23, and one end of the pipeline is via same position
In the manifold shape turnout 3 of the interface zone bonded to each other respectively with the liquid pool 1 positioned at sample introduction end 23 and the UNICOM of liquid pool 2,
A remaining liquid pool for the terminal 24 of the other end of the pipeline with being located at the micro-fluidic chip is the UNICOM of liquid pool 10, with
And, the working electrode that is sequentially respectively installed in the pipeline on diverse location and to electrode 8 and reference electrode 9, the work
Make electrode by conductive electrode and the gold size sensitive membrane structure for having embedded syphilis specific antibody being attached on the conductive electrode
Into the construction of the pipeline is in parallel construction, and the pipeline in parallel construction is made up of four lateral parallel connections, the work
The quantity of electrode is four, and the installation position of four working electrodes is located in four laterals respectively, this four work
Electrode is working electrode 5, working electrode 6, working electrode 12, working electrode 13 respectively, and, four working electrodes its
Specific antibody in the sensitive membrane structure of top layer gold size is the four kinds of syphilis antibody materials that can be specifically bound to Treponema pallidum antigen respectively,
Four kinds of antibody materials are syphilis specific antibody TP0684, TP0453, TP0821 and TP0319 respectively, specifically deploy to come
Say, 5 be that specific antibody material in the sensitive membrane structure of its top layer gold size being installed in lateral 4 is anti-for syphilis specific
Body TP0684 working electrode, 6 be the specific antibody in the sensitive membrane structure of its top layer gold size being installed in lateral 7
Material is syphilis specific antibody TP0453 working electrode, and 12 be that its top layer gold size being installed in lateral 11 is sensitive
The working electrode that specific antibody material in membrane structure is syphilis specific antibody TP0821,13 be to be installed in lateral 14
The working electrode that specific antibody material in the interior sensitive membrane structure of its top layer gold size is syphilis specific antibody TP0319, institute
It is that gold material or thermal decomposition are conductive high to state working electrode 5, working electrode 6, working electrode 12, working electrode 13 its material
Molecule material, the working electrode 5, working electrode 6, working electrode 12, its pattern of working electrode 13 presentation sheet or silk
Shape, emphasis is, its material of the substrate 22 is dimethyl silicone polymer material, and its surface of substrate 22 is the table of primary form
Face, the surface of the primary form its be intended to refer to the material not by any surface chemical modification or any surface chemical modification
The surface of the primary form of matter, the structure of the device also includes hinge-type fixture 15, its appearance profile shape of the hinge-type fixture 15
Like hinge, the hinge-type fixture 15 by two hinges 20,25 for being mutually hinged and through two hinges 20,
25 fastening screw 17 and the use for matching and being connected together with the fastening screw 17 with the fastening screw 17
Constituted in the nut 26 of manual fastening and hand break loose, two hinges 20,25 of the hinge-type fixture 15 are each with its tip phase
Mutually draw close and clamp the micro-fluidic chip, the tip is positioned at the locations of structures of the neighbouring terminal 24 of the micro-fluidic chip
On, fixation is attached in a hinge at least in and is equiped with miniature ultrasonic transducer units, this legend, is in hinge
Attached on 20 and install the miniature ultrasonic transducer units 19, it is of course also possible to allow all to install in two hinges 20,25
Miniature ultrasonic transducer units, but, it is, in general, that attaching one miniature ultrasonic transducer units of installing only in a hinge
Just it is enough to deal with to be actually needed, and, higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable 18, the higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable 18
One end linked together with the miniature ultrasonic transducer units 19;The hinge-type fixture 15 facilitates the device to tear open there is provided one
The function of solution;Its major function of the miniature ultrasonic transducer units 19 is, in the actual sample introduction test of micro-fluidic chip, to utilize its institute
The ultrasonic wave of transmitting reduces the interfacial tension between sample solution and the inwall of the pipeline, can be compatible, also, profit
With the distance between the sample introduction end 23 and the terminal 24 and the installation position of miniature ultrasonic transducer units 19 difference and
Difference on its ultrasonic intensity experienced, its interfacial tension of sample introduction end 23 described in induced synthesis and the terminal 24 its
Difference between interfacial tension, micro-fluidic chip two ends are the interfacial tension difference meeting between sample introduction end 23 and terminal 24
It is to form pressure gap between sample introduction end 23 and terminal 24 at the two ends of the micro-fluidic chip, the pressure gap can drive examination
Sample solution flows to the direction of terminal 24;Its function of the miniature ultrasonic transducer units 19 also includes the ultrasound launched with it
Ripple checks in sample contained large biological molecule its absorption on the inner surface of pipeline, and then checks the polydimethylsiloxanes
Swallow up effect of its body phase of the substrate 22 of alkane material to the large biological molecule;The substrate 22 of the dimethyl silicone polymer material
Its function include with cover plate 21 and working electrode 5, working electrode 6, working electrode 12, working electrode 13 and to electrode 8 and
Reference electrode 9 together builds the micro-fluidic chip, soft and have the substrate 22 of the dimethyl silicone polymer material of elasticity its work(
Can also include, with its property to the strong absorption of ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave being absorbed strongly, and thereby the micro-fluidic chip this
Terminal 24 is to the rapid decrement that ultrasonic intensity is realized within the limited short distance between the sample introduction end 23;And, ultrasound
Ripple damper, its profile of ultrasonic wave damper is in block, tabular or bar-shaped;Its material of the ultrasonic wave damper be microcellular rubber,
Sponge rubber or microporous polyurethane elastomer;And, elastic clip, the elastic force accompanies two clamping limbs, the inner side of each clamping limb
Face is relative with the medial surface of another clamping limb, and the medial surface of one of clamping limb is close to the sample introduction end of the micro-fluidic chip
23, the medial surface of another clamping limb is close to the ultrasonic wave damper, and the elastic clip is with its gripping strength by the micro-fluidic chip
Sample introduction end 23 and the ultrasonic wave damper clip together bonded to each otherly, pair that the ultrasonic wave damper is brought with its material
The strong consumption of ultrasonic wave, is further supported limited between micro-fluidic chip terminal 24 to the sample introduction end 23
Short distance within realize the rapid decrement of ultrasonic intensity, and thereby further expand described its interfacial tension of sample introduction end 23 with
Difference between described its interfacial tension of terminal 24.
It is depicted without being also depicted without the elastic clip in the ultrasonic wave damper, legend in legend.
Arrow in legend indicate the micro-fluidic chip its in actual motion, by pressure at two ends difference drive, its test liquid
The flow direction of stream.
It is depicted without attaching the miniature ultrasonic transducer units of installing in Fig. 1 in the hinge-type fixture 15 and one hinge
19 and higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable 18;Also, the higher-order of oscillation electric signal is depicted without in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
The associate member such as generator and multiple tracks electrochemical workstation.
Involved hinge-type fixture 15 can be carried out simply cutting using commercially available hinge, changed a social system;The miniature ultrasonic transducing
Device 19 is commercially available;Commercially available miniature ultrasonic transducer units are various in style, can select to use as needed;The miniature ultrasonic
Wave transducer 19 can also be customized to ultrasonic transducer specialized factory.
Involved higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable 18 is commercially available;Can also be to ultrasonic transducer producer or cable special manufacturer
Family's customization.
Involved higher-order of oscillation electric signal generator in the market has the product close to needs commercially available;It can also be customized to relevant manufacturers.
Each working electrode in this example structure and electrode and reference electrode via each special cable or can be said respectively
Get lines crossed respectively with the corresponding cable interface of the multiple tracks electrochemical workstation as annex or saying interface connection of getting lines crossed.
Capillary on usual expression and significance refers to hydrophilic capillary glass tube;Capillary channel involved by this case is hydrophobic
Capillary form pipeline.
Claims (10)
1. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip, the structure of the device includes multichannel micro-fluidic
Chip, the structure of the micro-fluidic chip includes the substrate and cover plate of installing bonded to each other together, and the substrate and cover plate are plate
Contain the conduit knot via mould pressing process or etching technics formation in shape thing or tablet, that face towards the cover plate of the substrate
Structure, the substrate also containing be connected with the channel structure and pierce the substrate via mould pressing process, etching technics or simply punch
The window structure of technique formation, substrate bonded to each other being installed together and the cover plate be built into jointly containing pipeline configuration with
And the micro-fluidic chip for the liquid pool structure being attached thereto, the locations of structures of the pipeline is positioned at the substrate and cover plate boundary bonded to each other
Face region, its side of the window is blocked by the cover plate and opposite side is opened, and the locations of structures of the window is exactly the structure of the liquid pool
Position, the quantity of the liquid pool is three, and its locations of structures of two liquid pools therein is located at the sample introduction end of the micro-fluidic chip, remaining
Under liquid pool its locations of structures terminal that liquid flows in its chip when being located at the actual sample introduction test of the micro-fluidic chip, the end
End is located remotely from each other with the sample introduction end, and one end of the pipeline is via the manifold shape turnout point for being similarly positioned in the interface zone bonded to each other
Not with the Liang Ge liquid pools UNICOM positioned at sample introduction end, this of the terminal of the other end of the pipeline with being located at the micro-fluidic chip is remaining
Under a liquid pool UNICOM, and, the working electrode that is sequentially respectively installed in the pipeline on diverse location and to electrode and
Reference electrode, the working electrode is by conductive electrode and is attached on the conductive electrode and has embedded syphilis specific antibody
Gold size sensitive membrane constitute, the construction of the pipeline is in parallel construction, and the pipeline in parallel construction is by four lateral parallel connections
Constitute, the quantity of the working electrode is four, the installation position of four working electrodes is located at four laterals respectively
It is interior, and, the specific antibody in the sensitive membrane structure of its top layer gold size of four working electrodes is respectively can be special to Treponema pallidum antigen
Property combine four kinds of syphilis antibody materials, four kinds of antibody materials are syphilis specific antibody TP0684, TP0453, TP0821 respectively
And TP0319, its material of the working electrode is gold material or thermal decomposition conducting polymer material, its pattern of the working electrode
Sheet or thread is presented, it is characterised in that its material of the substrate is dimethyl silicone polymer material, and its surface of the substrate is primary
The surface of form, the surface of the primary form its be intended to refer to by any surface chemical modification or any surface chemistry not change
Property the material primary form surface, the structure of the device also includes hinge-type fixture, its appearance profile of the hinge-type fixture
Hinge is similar to, the hinge-type fixture is by two hinges and a fastening screw through two hinges that are mutually hinged
And a nut for fastening and hand break loose manually for matching and being connected together with the fastening screw with the fastening screw
Constitute, two hinges of the hinge-type fixture are respectively mutually drawn close with its tip and clamp the micro-fluidic chip, and the tip is positioned at
Fixation is attached in the locations of structures of the neighbouring terminal of the micro-fluidic chip, in a hinge at least in be equiped with
Miniature ultrasonic transducer units, and, higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable, one end of the higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable with
The miniature ultrasonic transducer units link together;The hinge-type fixture facilitates the function that the device is disassembled there is provided one;This is miniature
Its major function of ultrasonic transducer is that in the test of micro-fluidic chip actual sample introduction, the ultrasonic wave launched using it reduces examination
Interfacial tension between the inwall of sample solution and the pipeline, can be compatible, also, utilizes the sample introduction end and described
Difference in the distance between terminal and the miniature ultrasonic transducer units installation position difference and its ultrasonic intensity experienced
It is different, the difference between its interfacial tension of sample introduction end described in induced synthesis and the terminal its interfacial tension, the micro-fluidic chip this two
Interfacial tension difference between end can form pressure gap between the two ends of the micro-fluidic chip, and the pressure gap can drive examination
Sample solution is to the end flow;Its function of the miniature ultrasonic transducer units also includes checking in sample with its ultrasonic wave launched
Its absorption on the inner surface of pipeline of contained large biological molecule, and then check the substrate of the dimethyl silicone polymer material
Swallow up effect of its body phase to the large biological molecule;Its function of the substrate of the dimethyl silicone polymer material includes and cover plate and work
Make electrode and the micro-fluidic chip is together built to electrode and reference electrode, the dimethyl silicone polymer material that is soft and having elasticity
Substrate its function also include, with its property to the strong absorption of ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave being absorbed strongly, it is and thereby micro- at this
The fluidic chip terminal is to the rapid decrement that ultrasonic intensity is realized within the limited short distance between the sample introduction end;And, surpass
Sound wave damper, its profile of ultrasonic wave damper is in block, tabular or bar-shaped;Its material of the ultrasonic wave damper is micropore rubber
Glue, sponge rubber or microporous polyurethane elastomer;And, elastic clip, the elastic force accompanies two clamping limbs, each clamping limb
Medial surface is relative with the medial surface of another clamping limb, and the medial surface of one of clamping limb is close to the sample introduction of the micro-fluidic chip
End, the medial surface of another clamping limb is close to the ultrasonic wave damper, and the elastic clip is with its gripping strength by the micro-fluidic chip
Sample introduction end and the ultrasonic wave damper clip together bonded to each otherly, the ultrasonic wave damper with its material brought to ultrasound
The strong consumption of ripple, is further supported within micro-fluidic chip terminal to the limited short distance between the sample introduction end
The rapid decrement of ultrasonic intensity is realized, and thereby further expands described its interfacial tension of sample introduction end and its interface of the terminal
Difference between power.
2. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the pipeline and the lateral and the manifold shape turnout are capillary channel.
3. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, the thermal decomposition conducting polymer be by polyimides or polyacrylonitrile be heat-treated through anoxybiotic after the conductive material that is formed.
4. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, the width or diameter of the working electrode between 0.1 micron to 2000 microns, and, the length of the working electrode
Degree is between 1 micron to 15000 microns.
5. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the thickness of the gold size sensitive membrane is between 10 nanometers and 200 nanometers.
6. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
In its material of the cover plate in structure is dimethyl silicone polymer material.
7. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, positioned at the sample introduction end of the micro-fluidic chip two liquid pools its with positioned at the micro-fluidic chip terminal this remaining one
Air line distance between individual liquid pool is between 3 centimetres and 7 centimetres;The cover plate in structure and substrate its thickness are between 1.0
Between millimeter and 5.0 millimeters.
8. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the microcellular rubber is micropore silicon rubber or micropore fluorubber.
9. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
Also include higher-order of oscillation electric signal generator in the structure of, the device, its other end of the higher-order of oscillation electric signal transmission cable with
The higher-order of oscillation electric signal generator is connected.
10. the strong hydrophobic controller used in syphilis diagnosis Multichannel device of its substrate of micro-fluidic chip according to claim 1, its feature exists
In its specified ultrasonic wave transmission power of the miniature ultrasonic transducer units is between 5 milliwatts and 9000 milliwatts, the miniature ultrasonic
The frequency of its ultrasonic wave operationally launched of wave transducer is between 100KHz and 12MHz.
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