CN107084023A - Method and apparatus for the exhaust after-treatment of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the exhaust after-treatment of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107084023A
CN107084023A CN201710084244.6A CN201710084244A CN107084023A CN 107084023 A CN107084023 A CN 107084023A CN 201710084244 A CN201710084244 A CN 201710084244A CN 107084023 A CN107084023 A CN 107084023A
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China
Prior art keywords
particulate filter
steam passage
exhaust steam
internal combustion
combustion engine
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Application number
CN201710084244.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN107084023B (en
Inventor
F.青克
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/20—Sensor having heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus of the exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine, it carries exhaust steam passage, catalyst converter, Lambda probes and particulate filter, and this method comprises the following steps：Determine the load condition of particulate filter, the EGT in exhaust steam passage is determined by measuring the internal resistance of the first Lambda probes, oxygen content in the offgas is determined by the first Lambda probes, when having reached corresponding load condition, when the combustion air of internal combustion engine with the temperature in exhaust steam passage than being in the predetermined scope of the regeneration for particulate filter, introduce the regeneration of particulate filter, when the temperature in exhaust steam passage and/or oxygen content in the offgas are in necessarily, when on the boundary limited, the introducing of regeneration is avoided by corresponding engine measures, when the temperature in exhaust steam passage is under the threshold value limited, particulate filter is adjusted to regenerate by introducing corresponding engine measures.

Description

Method and apparatus for the exhaust after-treatment of internal combustion engine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of side of the exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine of the preamble according to independent claims Method and device.
Background technology
The lasting reinforcement that waste gas regulation is worked out proposes high request to vehicular manufacturer, and these requirements are dropped by being used for accordingly The measure of the low untreated discharge of engine and realized by corresponding exhaust after-treatment.With drawing for next regulation rank EU6 Enter, the limiting value of amounts of particles is defined for petrol engine.This can be caused, and Otto may be needed to use in some vehicles Particulate filter (Ottopartikelfilter).Such Otto particulate filter is loaded with soot in running operation. In order to not make exhaust back pressure too strong raise, must constantly or periodically make the Otto particulate filter regeneration.In order to oxygen Gas performs the thermal oxide of the soot stayed in Otto particulate filter, with presence simultaneously in the exhaust gas apparatus of petrol engine Oxygen be associated and need sufficiently high temperature level.Because modern petrol engine is generally in the case of no oxygen excess With the combustion air ratio (λ of stoichiometryE=1) run, the measure additional to this needs.This is considered as measure for example to lead to The whole angle of ignition of toning improves temperature, the temporary transient thin adjustment (Magerverstellung) of petrol engine, is blown into auxiliary air Into exhaust gas apparatus or these measures combination.The regeneration of particulate filter is for example by the A1 of file DE 10 2,013 220 899 It is known.Petrol engine is provided with Lambda regulations herein, wherein, in order to particulate filter regeneration by combustion air ratio The combustion air chemically measured than the combustion air that sets out to over-stoichiometric than direction adjustment, it is and excessive using oxygen The regeneration of particulate filter is realized by the oxidation of soot.But (if i.e. useless under certain, unfavorable service condition High temperature in gas passage and the excessive presence simultaneously of oxygen) may cause soot on particulate filter uncontrollably burnup and because This causes component damage.
Adjusted for the Lambda of internal combustion engine, using Lambda probes, it can be by means of heating in order to improve measurement accuracy Element is heated, so that Lambda probes are taken in predetermined temperature.Such temperature adjustment of Lambda probes for example may be used Realized by means of the temperature sensor in exhaust steam passage.But such temperature sensor as additional component with it is extra into Originally it is associated.Thus solution has been proposed in the past, waste gas is determined by the resistance or resistance variations of Lambda probes wherein Temperature.
It is a kind of as known to the A1 of file DE 10 2,008 011 833 to be used to control the waste gas that the lambda of internal combustion machine is adjusted The method of equipment, wherein, the exhaust gas apparatus has at least one catalyst converter and for Lambda probes to be heated into running temperature On at least one heating element heater.It is arranged to, determines the operating efficiency of heating element heater and controlled at least using heating element heater The regulation parameter of one amendment is used for the modulated heating of heating element heater.
The content of the invention
Purpose now of the invention is the part for making the regeneration of particulate filter easy and avoiding for exhaust after-treatment Component damage, the damage of especially particulate filter.
According to the present invention, the purpose is realized by a kind of method of the exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine band Have exhaust steam passage, the catalyst converter being arranged in exhaust steam passage, be arranged in exhaust steam passage can be by means of heating element heats First Lambda probes and with particulate filter, this method comprises the following steps：
The load condition of-measure particulate filter,
- EGT in the exhaust steam passage of internal combustion engine is determined by measuring the internal resistance of Lambda probes,
- oxygen content in the offgas is determined by Lambda probes,
- when reached corresponding load condition, internal combustion engine combustion air than with the temperature in exhaust steam passage be in for When in the predetermined scope of regeneration of grain filter, the regeneration of particulate filter is introduced,
- when the temperature in exhaust steam passage and/or oxygen content in the offgas are on boundary that is certain, being limited, The introducing of regeneration is avoided by corresponding engine measures,
- when the temperature in exhaust steam passage is under the threshold value limited, adjusted by introducing corresponding engine measures (Konditionierung) particulate filter is to regenerate.
It is possible thereby to realize the combined survey of EGT and the oxygen content in exhaust steam passage in an advantageous manner Amount so that two parameters are determined by means of a component.Thus the reliability of measurement can be improved and thus can more simply be drawn Enter the regeneration method for particulate filter.In addition, being provided by the parallel measurement of oxygen content and temperature in internal combustion engine The component protection of the raising of part in exhaust steam passage, because identifying can cause EGT uncontrolled elevated unfavorable Service condition.The additional temperature sensor in exhaust steam passage can be cancelled at this, it reduce cost.
It is arranged to according to the preferred form of implementation of this method, temperature is prevented in the case of being higher than threshold value in exhaust steam passage The inertia operation (Schubbetrieb) of internal combustion engine.Thus fresh air is prevented to be pumped into exhaust steam passage by the cylinder body of internal combustion engine In and therefore prevent from providing enough oxygen causing the uncontrolled burnup of the soot on particulate filter.With the party Formula can avoid the undesirable oxygen in exhaust steam passage excessive, and oxygen excess promotes uncontrolled soot burnup (Russabbrand)。
It is arranged in the preferred design of the method according to the invention, the too high feelings of the temperature in exhaust steam passage Condition adjusts the direction of the igniting of internal combustion engine angular " morning ".By the way that the direction of igniting angular " morning " is adjusted, the burning of fuel can Start earlier and terminate substantially when the exhaust valve is opened.Thus the temperature reduction in the exhaust steam passage of internal combustion engine device, Thus temperature can be reduced in the favourable scope of the regeneration for particulate filter and avoid the cause thermal damage of particulate filter again.
It is arranged to according to the alternative design of the method according to the invention, by the way that the igniting of internal combustion engine is angular slow Direction adjusts the lifting for realizing EGT.By that will light a fire, the direction of angular " slow " is adjusted, burn more behindhand start and Air bleeding valve does not terminate also when opening so that the temperature in exhaust steam passage is improved.
It is arranged to according to the preferred improvement project of this method, by Lambda probes during the regeneration of particulate filter Heating element heater is deactivated.It is achieved in the measurement of the simplification of the internal resistance of Lambda probes and based on this in particulate filter The calculating of EGT during regeneration.
In order to particulate filter effective regeneration without the danger of component cause thermal damage, when the regeneration of particulate filter exists Compare λ in temperature range between 600 °C and 700 °C and in the combustion air of internal combustion engineEIn the case of between 1.1 and 1.3 It is favourable when realizing.In order that can effectively aoxidize the soot stayed in particulate filter and therefore realize particle filtering The regeneration of device, the temperature in the porch into particulate filter should be at least 600 °C, to reach the significant conversion speed of soot Degree.In addition, the oxidation should be realized in the case of oxygen is slight excess of in exhaust steam passage, so that one side sufficiently provides oxygen For the oxidation of carbon soot particles, but avoid higher oxygen excessive and therefore uncontrolled soot burnup danger.
According to the present invention it is proposed that a kind of device of exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine, it includes exhaust steam passage, is arranged in Catalyst converter in exhaust steam passage, the particulate filter and controller being arranged in exhaust steam passage, wherein, in the flowing side of waste gas There are the first Lambda probes in particulate filter upstream arrangement in catalyst converter downstream upwards, wherein, by means of the first Lambda The measurable oxygen content in the offgas of probe, wherein, the first Lambda probes can by heating element heats, wherein, by means of The internal resistance of first Lambda probes can determine that in exhaust steam passage, temperature preferably just before the entrance into particulate filter Degree, and wherein, the regeneration of particulate filter can be prevented according to these information, it is uncontrolled on particulate filter to prevent Soot burnup.
In preferred embodiments, the first catalyst converter is disposed with exhaust steam passage, is preferably close to before engine Catalyst converter and the second catalyst converter, wherein, the second catalyst converter is configured to so-called quaternary catalytic device, as with additional particle mistake The ternary catalyzing unit of filter function, is in particular effectively catalyzed the particulate filter of coating with ternary.In preferred embodiment party In case, there are the 2nd Lambda probes, especially broadband-Lambda probes and on quaternary catalytic device in the first catalyst converter upstream arrangement Trip is disposed with the first Lambda probes, wherein, the first Lambda probe structures are step probe (Sprungsonde).At least One Lambda probes are heatable.The particulate filter of coating is effectively catalyzed with ternary relative to uncoated particle mistake Filter stronger underground heat stand under load again in regeneration, because in the reaction and the heat release of ternary catalyzing unit of the heat release of this soot burnup Catalytic reaction is superimposed.Therefore, particularly preferably it is arranged on and is urged with quaternary according to the device for exhaust after-treatment of the present invention In the waste gas system for changing device.
It is arranged to according to preferred form of implementation, catalyst converter includes preceding catalyst converter and primary catalyst, wherein, Lambda probes It is arranged in preceding catalyst converter downstream or rear catalyst converter upstream.By by Lambda probes be arranged in preceding catalyst converter and rear catalyst converter it Between, the correction for total Lamda regulations that Lambda probes are used in exhaust steam passage.Afterwards catalyst converter be so-called quaternary catalytic device simultaneously And filter solid harmful substance is additionally operable in addition to the conversion of gasified harmful substance matter.
Preferably, particulate filter is arranged in the backplane level of motor vehicle (Unterbodenlage).Can be in backplane level Particulate filter is arranged away from engine so that particulate filter is in thermally less strong stand under load.In addition bottom plate is passed through Layer is realized relative to radiation and convection current the radiating at particulate filter improved in enging cabin.It is remote to start The arrangement of machine is thus understood as that the outlet downstream at least 80cm, preferably at least 100cm for being arranged in internal combustion engine.By The radiating improved at particulate filter can reduce the danger () of cause thermal damage especially in particulate filter regeneration.
In the feature that the other preferred design of the present invention is referred to from remaining, in the dependent claims Go out.
If do not implement in addition individually can advantageously phase for mentioned different forms of implementation of the invention in this application Mutually combination.
Brief description of the drawings
Next the present invention is illustrated according to affiliated accompanying drawing in embodiment.Wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the internal combustion engine with the with good grounds device for exhaust after-treatment of the invention,
Fig. 2 shows the flow chart of the method for performing the exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine according to the present invention,
Fig. 3 shows the alternative form of implementation of the device of the exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
List of numerals
10 internal combustion engines
12 exhaust steam passages
14 catalyst converters
16 heating element heaters
18 particulate filters
20 the oneth Lambda probes (before particulate filter)
22 controllers
Catalyst converter before 24
26 carry the particulate filter of integrated rear catalyst converter
Catalyst converter after 28
30 the 2nd Lambda probes (before preceding catalyst converter)
λECombustion air ratio
TA EGT
TSO Upper threshold value
TSU Lower threshold value.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the device of the exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine 10 according to the present invention.The device includes and internal combustion The exhaust steam passage 12 that machine 10 is connected, the flow direction for passing through exhaust steam passage 12 in the waste gas of internal combustion engine 10 in the exhaust steam passage On be disposed with the 2nd Lambda probes 30, preceding catalyst converter 24, the first Lambda probes 20 and covered with being effectively catalyzed with ternary The rear catalyst converter 28 of the form of particulate filter 26 of layer.Preceding catalyst converter 24 is configured to ternary catalyzing unit, and rear catalyst converter 28 is configured to Quaternary catalytic device, the particulate filter 26 that coating is as effectively catalyzed with ternary.Alternatively it can also make as shown in FIG. 3 With uncoated particulate filter 18.Internal combustion engine 10 and Lambda probes 20,30 are respectively by signal line and interior for controlling The controller 22 of combustion engine 10 is connected.Heating element heater 16 is provided with the first Lambda probes 20, can using the heating element heater First Lambda probes 20 are taken in running temperature.Unshowned heating controller is provided with to this, it can for example be integrated into In controller 22, the temperature of Lambda probes 20 can be transferred in predetermined running temperature by the heating controller.
Temperature survey in exhaust steam passage 12 provides the important information of the state for waste gas system.So it can such as lead to Internal combustion engine 10 is crossed according to the temperature T in exhaust steam passage 12ACorresponding regulation and control take safeguard measure to prevent exhaust after-treatment The overheat of part, especially catalyst converter 14 or particulate filter 18,26.
(motor vehicle is being arranged in two catalyst converters 14 close to the preceding catalyst converter 24 and one of engine particular with one Rear catalyst converter 26 in backplane level) waste gas system in, the first Lambda probes 20 (it is configured to step-Lambda probes) use In the correction of total Lambda regulations in exhaust steam passage 12.First Lambda probes 20 be in the preceding downstream of catalyst converter 24 and The upstream of catalyst converter 28 afterwards.The probe temperature of first Lambda probes 20 can be controlled or adjusted by controller 22.Here, first The internal resistance of Lambda probes 20 can with the heating voltage that is applied and may be other parameter (such as measured environment bar Part) together it is used to set up and is associated with EGT.It can be protected in the downstream of the first Lambda probes 20 by the measure Second catalyst converter 28 and/or particulate filter 18,26 are from overheat.
In the operation of internal combustion engine 10, particulate filter 18,26 is loaded with carbon soot particles so that in exhaust steam passage 12 Flow resistance with load rise.Regenerate periodically the particulate filter 18,26.In order in the backplane level of motor vehicle In outer source point fire internal combustion engine 10 exhaust steam passage 12 in use particulate filter 18,26, especially in particulate filter 18,26 Regeneration during high request is proposed to the protection of the component of particulate filter 18,26.EGT TADo not allow to surpass during regenerating Cross certain threshold value, thus particulate filter 18,26 without heat damage and particulate filter 18,26 not by particle filtering The burnup of the heat release of soot-reaction destruction on device 18,26.
The first Lambda is applied by the particulate filter 18 in the backplane level of motor vehicle is preferably mounted in, 26 upstreams Probe 20, can apply the internal resistance of the first Lambda probes 20 and the monitoring of heating power, enter particle filtering to determine waste gas Temperature when in device 18,26 and if necessary by means of the operation of the so influence internal combustion engine 10 of controller 22 so that protection particle Filter 18,26 is from overheat.
Here, the internal resistance of the first Lambda probes 20 and the temperature proportional of the first Lambda probes 20.First Lambda The temperature of probe 20 is higher, and its internal resistance is smaller.The heating of the first Lambda probes 20 not only passes through in the operation of internal combustion engine 10 The hot waste gas of internal combustion engine 10 and carried out by heating element heater 16, the heating element heater is preferably configured to adding thermal resistance, especially For the heater strip being integrated into the first Lambda probes 20.The running temperature of first Lambda probes 20 be accurately defined and Occurred EGT is applied to by control or regulation.It is issued to by waste gas at the first Lambda probes 20 Heat is more, and the heating power introduced by heating element heater 16 is fewer.
In the case of the regeneration requirements of particulate filter 18,26, it is desirable to>Higher waste gas in 600 °C of scope Temperature, so as to stay in the soot burnup in particulate filter 18,26.By the oxidation reaction, opened in particulate filter 18,26 Beginning exothermic reaction, it causes temperature to improve on particulate filter 18,26 again.This with ternary for being effectively catalyzed coating Particulate filter 26 is particularly critical, because being effectively catalyzed the exothermic reaction superposition of coating and soot burnup in this ternary.The temperature Degree lifting can deleteriously influence particulate filter 18,26 when it exceedes the boundary limited.Therefore, initial enthalpy (Eingangsenthalpie), certain threshold is not allowed more than in the temperature to the porch in particulate filter 18,26 Value.
For regenerating and for the burnup of soot for particulate filter 18,26, heating element heater 16 can be deactivated now, So that the waste gas only by internal combustion engine 10 heats the first Lambda probes 20.The internal resistance of the first Lambda probes 20 is measured herein, And the EGT in exhaust steam passage 12 is inferred to from the internal resistance of the first Lambda probes 20.Then it can be led to based on the measurement Cross the measure that controller 22 introduces the component protection for particulate filter 18,26.For example it is the igniting of internal combustion engine 10 is angular The penetrating moment or the matching of straying quatity that the direction adjustment of " morning " and/or fuel are sprayed into are suitable as measure.
Here, Lambda probes 20,30 are not only provided on the temperature T in exhaust steam passage 12AAnd provide on The information of oxygen content and exhaust gas constituents in waste gas.For the regeneration of particulate filter 18,26, in addition to temperature in the offgas Remaining oxygen amount it is also related.By a large amount of fresh air conveyings to heat particulate filter 18,26 in just as too high temperature The component damage of particulate filter 18,26 can be caused like that, because the carbon on particulate filter 18,26 can be caused in this case The uncontrolled burnup of cigarette.As other by 20,30 safeguard measure to control of Lambda probes, for example, it can take resistance The only propulsion cut-out (Schubabschaltung) of internal combustion engine 10.
Figure 2 illustrates the flow chart of the method for the exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine 10 according to the present invention.
In first method step<100>The middle load condition for determining particulate filter 18,26, this for example can be by particle Differential pressure measurement or real by the modeling entered from the soot discharge in particulate filter 18,26 and soot on filter 18,26 It is existing.In other method and step<110>In determined by measuring the internal resistance of the first Lambda probes 20 in the useless of internal combustion engine 10 Temperature T in gas passage 12A.In other method and step<120>In surveyed by least one in Lambda probes 20,30 It is scheduled on the oxygen content in exhaust steam passage 12.Here, method and step<100>、<110>With<120>Can be concurrently or with random order Realize.
According to method and step<100>、<110>With<120>Measured value, when having reached the corresponding of particulate filter 18,26 Load condition and the temperature T in exhaust steam passage 12AAnd the oxygen concentration in exhaust steam passage 12 is in for particle mistake When regenerating in predetermined scope of filter 18,26, in ensuing method and step<140>Middle introducing particulate filter 18,26 Regeneration.
If the temperature T in exhaust steam passage 12AThe threshold value T less than the predetermined scope, particularly less than limitedSU, preceding The method and step put<130>In particulate filter 18,26 is preconditioned by introducing corresponding engine measures and by waste gas Temperature is lifted into the necessary scope of regeneration for particulate filter 18,26.
If the temperature 12 in exhaust steam passage is higher than certain boundary limited, is especially more than threshold value TSO, then in side Method step<150>In the regeneration of particulate filter 18,26 is avoided by introducing corresponding engine measures, to avoid particle filtering The cause thermal damage of device 18,26.
Fig. 3 shows the alternative form of implementation of the device of the exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine 10 according to the present invention. With in the embodiment same structure according to Fig. 1, instead of the particulate filter 26 with the effective coating of three-element catalytic Use uncoated particulate filter 18.First catalyst converter 14 is configured to the ternary catalyzing unit close to engine herein.

Claims (10)

1. method of the one kind for the exhaust after-treatment of internal combustion engine (10), the internal combustion engine carries exhaust steam passage (12), is arranged in Catalyst converter (14) in the exhaust steam passage (12), be arranged in it is in the exhaust steam passage (12), can be by means of heating element heater (16) heating the first Lambda probes (20) and with particulate filter (18,26), the described method comprises the following steps：
The load condition of-measure the particulate filter (18,26),
- by measuring the internal resistance R of the first Lambda probes (20)iTo determine the exhaust steam passage in the internal combustion engine (10) (12) EGT in,
- oxygen content in the offgas is determined by the first Lambda probes (20),
- as the combustion air ratio (λ for having reached corresponding load condition, the internal combustion engine (10)E) and in the exhaust steam passage (12) In temperature (TA) in the predetermined scope of the regeneration for the particulate filter (18,26) when, introduce the particle The regeneration of filter (18,26),
- as the temperature (T in exhaust steam passage (12)A) and/or oxygen content in the offgas be in boundary that is certain, being limited On when, by corresponding engine measures avoid regeneration introducing,
- when the temperature in the exhaust steam passage (12) is under the threshold value limited, arranged by introducing corresponding engine The regulation particulate filter (18,26) is applied to regenerate.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature (T in the exhaust steam passage (12)A) it is higher than threshold The inertia of the internal combustion engine (10) is prevented to run in the case of value.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the temperature (T in the exhaust steam passage (12)A) too high In the case of by the direction adjustment of the igniting of the internal combustion engine (10) angular " morning ".
4. the method according to any one of Claim 1-3, it is characterised in that in the particulate filter (18,26) The heating element heater (16) of the first Lambda probes (20) is deactivated during regeneration.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that EGT (TA) lifting by by point The direction of fiery angular " slow " adjusts to realize.
6. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that the particulate filter (18,26) is again Life is in 600 ° to 700 ° of temperature range and in the combustion air ratio (λ of the internal combustion engine (10)E) it is in scope 1.1<λE< Carried out in the case of 1.3.
7. device of the one kind for the exhaust after-treatment of internal combustion engine (10), it carries exhaust steam passage (12), is arranged in the waste gas Catalyst converter (14) in passage (12), the particulate filter (18,26) being arranged in the exhaust steam passage (12), with can borrow Help the combustion air ratio (λ for being used to adjust the internal combustion engine (10) of heating element heater (16) heatingE) the first Lambda probes (20), and with controller (22), it is characterised in that the controller (22) is set up to execution according in claim 1 to 6 Method described in any one.
8. the device according to claim 7 for exhaust after-treatment, it is characterised in that particulate filter (18) structure Make as with the particulate filter (26) for being catalyzed effective coating.
9. the device for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that the catalysis Device (14) include preceding catalyst converter (24) and rear catalyst converter (28), wherein, the first Lambda probes (20) be arranged in it is described before Catalyst converter (24) downstream and in the particulate filter (26) upstream.
10. the device for exhaust after-treatment according to any one of claim 7 to 9, it is characterised in that before described Catalyst converter (24) upstream is provided with the 2nd Lambda probes.
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