CN107073897A - 复合材料 - Google Patents

复合材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107073897A
CN107073897A CN201580055816.7A CN201580055816A CN107073897A CN 107073897 A CN107073897 A CN 107073897A CN 201580055816 A CN201580055816 A CN 201580055816A CN 107073897 A CN107073897 A CN 107073897A
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composite
weight
polymeric layer
welding
composite according
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CN107073897B (zh
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彼得·克劳克
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/105—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/40—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合材料，其包含至少两个金属层并且包含至少一个在所述金属层之间放置的聚合物层，其中所述聚合物层含有至少一种焊接添加物。本发明的目的在于提供一种复合材料，其克服了现有技术中的缺点，该目的通过具有权利要求1所述特征的复合材料实现。

Description

复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含至少两个金属层并且包含至少一个在所述金属层之间放置的聚合物层的复合材料，其中所述聚合物层含有至少一个焊接添加物。
背景技术
这种复合材料在现有技术中已知。所述被申请人以商品名销售的体消音复合材料由两个钢盖板和一个在其间放置的聚合物层构成，其中所述聚合物层可以例如由丙烯酸酯、硅酮、聚酰胺和/或聚乙烯、聚酯材料或环氧树脂构成。所述体消音的复合材料例如通过焊接，尤其是电阻焊接与其它部件的连接通常没有问题。如美国公开文件2009/0142538公开的，为了提高电导性和调节复合材料的电阻焊接，所述聚合物层添加焊接添加物。所述焊接添加物的缺点各式各样。相较于合成材料具有高比重的焊接添加物在液态或熔融液态的聚合物中具有非常不利的沉淀性，如此在加工过程中和制成的产品中不能够总是充分地确保颜料在聚合物中整齐均匀地分布。此外一些焊接添加物不能总是避免与所述聚合物发生不利的化学反应，所述反应不仅对液态或熔融液态的聚合物的粘稠度而且对合成材料的剥离和剪切效应及其复合结构中的粘合有不良的影响。还有一些焊接添加物在50至500Hz的宽泛的温度范围中对损耗因数曲线有不良影响。在一些调查的颜料(铝片、FeAl50/50、FeSi45、锌粉、FeSiAl、Fe3P粉末)或含有上述产品的颜料混合物中由于其比电阻确定了在ΔI＜500安培的数量级的狭小的焊接范围或者完全无法焊接。
发明内容
由此出发，本发明的目的在于提出一种复合材料，其克服了上述现有技术中的缺点。
上述所指出的任务通过这种复合材料达成，即合成材料层包含0.1至30重量％含量的海绵铁。
研究显示，例如以公司的产品名“MH300”已知海绵铁作为焊接添加物以惊人的方式满足所有提出的要求。海绵铁能够以粉状、颜料状和/或颗粒状添加到聚合物中，其中焊接添加物的中间直径基本上小于0.2mm，尤其小于0.1mm，优选小于0.05mm并且通过其大约为2.85g/cm3的较低比重能够进行有利和简化的加工，尤其能够根本上避免不必要的沉淀和分解，特别是在给装有液态聚合物、特别是装有液态且含溶剂的聚合物的容器加入焊接添加物之后。为了确保通过所述合成材料层的电导性和有利的焊接结果，所述聚合物层包含百分比至少为0.1重量％、尤其是至少为0.5重量％、优选至少为1重量％的海绵铁。为了对机械特性、尤其是对所述金属层之间的粘合和所述聚合物的损耗系数不造成负面影响，限制海绵铁的重量百分比最大为30重量％，尤其最大为20重量％，优选最大为15重量％。通过海绵铁作为焊接添加物应用能够调制更宽的焊接区域，特别是ΔI＞600安培，尤其是ΔI＞800安培，优选ΔI＞1000安培。此外不仅所述焊接区域的宽度，而且所述焊接区域的位置也能够通过其比电阻进一步优化，此点借助于对所述海绵铁进行不同类型的事后金属的和/或非金属无机的涂层实现，例如化学磷化、铬化或镀镍、电流的金属涂层或者通过CVD或PVD方法进行。海绵铁能够按需求不涂层、涂层或者综合应用。此外在电阻焊接中不会产生对安全有损害的焊接蒸汽并且所述根据本发明的复合材料相较于没有焊接添加物的复合材料对复合结构的粘合、例如剥离和剪切效应没有不良影响。根据本发明的那些具有体消音特性的复合材料能够提供用于所有借助电阻焊接或电阻点焊接而生成连接的区域中的结构，尤其是这样一种电阻焊接的结构，其包含至少一个本发明的复合材料和至少一个其他部件。
本发明的另一个设计方案为，所述金属层由钢材料制成。没有涂层或者有金属涂层的、尤其是镀锌的钢材料，例如镀锌的深冲钢材相对价格低廉并因此适合用于优选在汽车制造中的结构，其需要阴极防腐蚀保护。轻金属材料例如铝和镁也能够作为金属层使用，只要复合材料的重量能额外地得到节省。上述材料的不同材料组合也是可能的。所述金属层的厚度为0.1至3mm，尤其0.15至2mm，优选0.2至1.5mm并且特别优选0.3至1.2mm。
与厚度为0.01至0.2mm，尤其0.02至0.1mm，优选0.025至0.05mm的聚合物层结合，能够制备出体消音的复合材料。所述聚合物层能够以薄膜、尤其是挤出的薄膜、优选具有均匀分散的海绵铁的挤出的粘合薄膜形态引入到金属层之间继而粘合在所述金属层上。此外也能够将熔融液态的、富含海绵铁的聚合物直接挤出到金属层上。可选择地所述具有均匀分散海绵铁的聚合物/聚合物层能够至少液态地、优选借助卷式涂料方法(带状涂层)涂在一个金属层上并且随后在适应的高温下在连续炉中连接。
为了优化声学特性及例如剪切值，所述聚合物层能够包含附加的填充物。特别是有机纤维，例如天然纤维(如棉纤维)、再生纤维(如纤维素纤维)和/或合成的化学纤维(如玻璃纤维)能够使用作为填充物。所述纤维长度优选0.01至0.2mm，其中纤细度比例(比例：纤维长度比纤维直径)特别优选小于5。所述聚合物层能够含有至少0.1重量％的填充物，尤其至少0.5重量％的填充物，优选至少1.0重量％的填充物或者特别优选至少1.5重量％的填充物，其中所述填充物限制为最多25重量％，尤其最多20重量％，优选为最多15重量％，或尤其优选为最多10重量％，以使得对有利的特性不产生消极影响。
具体实施方式
在一个超简化的实施例中所述根据本发明的复合材料由两个金属层(覆盖层)和一个在所述覆盖层中间放置的含有海绵铁的聚合物层构成。各个层的数量可以按需求增多，以至于能够制备例如五层的复合材料，其由三个金属层和分别一个放置于所述金属层之间的含有海绵铁的聚合物层构成。

Claims (8)

1.一种复合材料，所述复合材料包含至少两个金属层并且包含至少一个在所述金属层之间放置的聚合物层，其中所述聚合物层含有至少一种焊接添加物，
其特征在于，
所述聚合物层含有在0.1至30重量％之间含量的海绵铁。
2.根据权利要求1所述复合材料，
其特征在于，
所述聚合物层包含最小1.0并且最大15.0重量％的海绵铁。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述复合材料，
其特征在于，
所述海绵铁金属地和/或非金属无机地涂覆。
4.根据上述权利要求的任意一项所述复合材料，
其特征在于，
所述金属层由钢材、铝材和/或镁材或上述材料的材料组合构成。
5.根据上述权利要求的任意一项所述复合材料，
其特征在于，
所述金属层的厚度为0.1至3.0mm，尤其为0.15至2.0mm，优选0.2至1.5mm，特别优选0.3至1.2mm。
6.根据上述权利要求的任意一项所述复合材料，
其特征在于，
所述聚合物层的厚度为0.01至0.2mm，尤其为0.02至0.1mm，优选0.025至0.05mm。
7.根据上述权利要求的任意一项所述复合材料，
其特征在于，
所述聚合物层包含含量在0.1至25.0重量％之间，尤其是0.5至20.0重量％之间，优选1.0至15.0重量％之间，特别优选1.5至10.0重量％之间的填充剂。
8.电阻焊接的结构，尤其是在汽车制造中，所述结构具有至少一种权利要求1至6任何一项所述的复合材料。
CN201580055816.7A 2014-10-14 2015-08-27 复合材料 Active CN107073897B (zh)

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DE102014014976.5A DE102014014976A1 (de) 2014-10-14 2014-10-14 Verbundwerkstoff
DE102014014976.5 2014-10-14
PCT/EP2015/069609 WO2016058740A1 (de) 2014-10-14 2015-08-27 Verbundwerkstoff

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DE (1) DE102014014976A1 (zh)
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DE102015203128A1 (de) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-25 Thyssenkrupp Ag Fahrwerkkomponente, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verwendung
DE102018109008B3 (de) 2018-04-16 2019-09-05 Muhr Und Bender Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von mehrlagigen Blechstreifenpaketen

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GB2143533B (en) * 1983-07-18 1987-01-21 Grace W R & Co Weldable sealants for metals and their use
EP0167455A2 (en) * 1984-06-29 1986-01-08 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Vibration damping composite laminate
US6008462A (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-12-28 Morton International, Inc. Mar resistant, corrosion inhibiting, weldable coating containing iron powder for metal substrates
CN1662616A (zh) * 2002-04-20 2005-08-31 坎梅陶尔股份有限公司 用于施涂耐腐蚀的、可电焊的聚合物涂层的混合物和用于生产该涂层的方法
US20060062977A1 (en) * 2004-09-22 2006-03-23 Sigler David R Bonded lightweight structural sheet
US20060134449A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2006-06-22 Sigler David R Weldable metal composites and methods
CN102186666A (zh) * 2008-08-18 2011-09-14 多产研究有限责任公司 可成型的轻质复合材料

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US20170232708A1 (en) 2017-08-17
DE102014014976A1 (de) 2016-04-14
CN107073897B (zh) 2019-02-22
EP3206869B1 (de) 2018-12-05
WO2016058740A1 (de) 2016-04-21
ES2713030T3 (es) 2019-05-17
PL3206869T3 (pl) 2019-05-31
TR201902689T4 (tr) 2019-03-21
EP3206869A1 (de) 2017-08-23
JP2017533839A (ja) 2017-11-16

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