CN107069886B - Storage battery parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device and method based on MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube - Google Patents
Storage battery parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device and method based on MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN107069886B CN107069886B CN201710349861.4A CN201710349861A CN107069886B CN 107069886 B CN107069886 B CN 107069886B CN 201710349861 A CN201710349861 A CN 201710349861A CN 107069886 B CN107069886 B CN 107069886B
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- H02J7/0026—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a storage battery parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device and method based on MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes, wherein the device consists of a plurality of single battery pack control modules and a main control module U3 which are arranged in parallel; each single battery pack control module comprises a control module U1, an MOS tube and a current sampling resistor, the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected with the positive electrode of an external cabinet, the MOS tube is connected in series with the negative electrode of the single battery pack, one end of the current sampling resistor is connected in series with the source electrode of the MOS tube, the other end of the current sampling resistor is connected with the negative electrode of the cabinet, the single battery pack control module receives an instruction of the main control module U3 through a 485 bus, and the main control module U3 performs communication control with the single battery pack control module through the 485 bus. Based on the parallelly connected self-adaptation charge-discharge device of MOS pipe battery, can carry out effective accurate judgement to the charge-discharge of group battery to carry out accurate control to the battery charge-discharge, not only strengthen battery life, can improve battery charge-discharge's efficiency moreover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery charging and discharging, in particular to a device and a method for parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging of storage batteries based on MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes.
Background
In practical application, the service life of the storage battery is usually far from the design life, the practical service life of the storage battery with the general design life of 10-15 years is generally 3-5 years, and some storage batteries have shorter service lives. The practical service life of the storage battery can not reach the design life, so that the reliability of the power system is reduced, and meanwhile, the important economic loss is caused. The service life of the storage battery is affected by various factors, including the use environment, the monitoring management mode, the charge and discharge control mode, the physical characteristics and the like of the storage battery, and the statistical analysis of the storage battery which is in premature failure finds that most of the premature failure is caused by unreasonable charge and discharge control. Therefore, the reasonable charging method is used for charging and discharging the storage battery, and the service life of the storage battery can be prolonged.
Although the storage battery has been known for more than 100 years, due to the limitation of technical conditions, many chargers still use a traditional charging mode at present, and during the charging process, phenomena such as overcharge, gassing and the like mostly exist, so that the service life of the storage battery is shortened, and certain economic loss is caused for users.
The traditional storage battery is simple in structure, and the charging control is realized by an analog control mode, so that the charging method is single, the charging method cannot be adjusted according to the charge state of the storage battery, the monitoring and protection functions of the charging process of the storage battery are not provided, and the charging and discharging of the storage battery in the situation of no monitoring can not be met. With the development of digital technology, the cost performance of the microcontroller is continuously improved, the charge and discharge control of the storage battery is changed from analog control to digital control, and the charge and discharge control of the storage battery can be realized by a digital control charge and discharge system of the storage battery, so that the charge and discharge process of the storage battery can be monitored and displayed, the flexibility of the system is improved, the volume of the system is reduced, and the service life of the storage battery is prolonged.
With the wide use of storage batteries in new energy development, new requirements are put forward on a charging and discharging method and a charging and discharging device of the storage batteries, and developing a rapid, efficient and safe storage battery charging and discharging system becomes an urgent task. The improvement of the charge and discharge of the storage battery can be considered from two aspects, namely, a charge and discharge method of the storage battery and a charge and discharge device of the storage battery. With the development of power electronic technology, microelectronic technology, computer technology and automatic control technology, the research of a charge-discharge control method and a charge-discharge device of a storage battery is more and more extensive, and the research design of the two aspects has very important significance for the development of emerging green and environment-friendly industries such as photovoltaic power generation, electric automobiles and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device and method based on the MOS tube storage battery, which can effectively and accurately judge the charging and discharging of the battery pack and accurately control the charging and discharging of the battery, thereby not only prolonging the service life of the battery, but also improving the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery.
In order to achieve the above scheme, the invention provides a parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device based on MOS tube storage batteries, comprising: the device comprises a cabinet, a battery pack, a plurality of single battery pack control modules and a main control module U3, wherein the single battery pack control modules and the main control module U3 are arranged in parallel; each single battery pack control module comprises a control module U1, an MOS tube and a current sampling resistor, wherein the positive electrode of the single battery pack is connected with the positive electrode of the cabinet, the MOS tube is connected in series with the negative electrode of the single battery pack, one end of the current sampling resistor is connected in series with the source electrode of the MOS tube, the other end of the current sampling resistor is connected with the negative electrode of the cabinet, the positive electrode of the control module U1 is connected on a connecting line of the positive electrode of the battery pack and the positive electrode of the cabinet, the negative electrode of the control module U1 is connected on a connecting line of the negative electrode of the current sampling resistor and the negative electrode of the cabinet, the drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected to the SV+ end of the control module U1, the source electrode of the MOS tube is connected to the MOS interface end of the control module U1, the first end of the current sampling resistor is connected with the SI+ end of the control module U1, the second end of the current sampling resistor is connected with the SI-end of the control module U1, the main control module U3 is connected with the single battery pack control module in parallel, the single battery pack control module receives a command from the main control module U3 through a 485 bus, and the main control module U3 is in communication control with the single battery pack control module through the 485 bus.
Preferably, the control module U1 comprises a data acquisition module, a MOS tube driving module, an MCU control module and a communication module; the data acquisition module comprises a metering chip U11, two voltage sampling circuits and a current sampling circuit, wherein the first voltage sampling circuit is a differential sampling circuit and comprises resistors R1, R2 and R3 and capacitors C1 and C2, the resistor R2 is connected in series with the positive electrode of the battery pack, the resistor R3 is connected in series with the resistor R2, the capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R3, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the P electrode of a voltage acquisition line after being connected in parallel with the resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the N electrode of the voltage acquisition line after being connected in parallel with the resistor R1, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded; the current sampling circuit is a current differential sampling circuit and comprises resistors R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 and capacitors C3 and C4, one end of the resistor R4 is connected with a source electrode of the MOS tube, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the capacitor C3, the resistor R5 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the ground, one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the resistor R4, one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the ground, and one end connected with the R4 is connected with a P pole of a current acquisition line; the resistor R6 is connected with the resistors R7, R5 and R8 in parallel, one end of the resistor R6 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the R9, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with the capacitor C4, one end of the resistor R8 is connected with the capacitor C4, one end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the resistor R8, the other end is connected with the R9 and the N pole of the current acquisition line, one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the R5, and the other end is connected with the R8; the second voltage sampling circuit consists of resistors R10, R12 and R11 and capacitors C5 and C6, and is used for collecting the drain-source voltage of the MOS tube, wherein one end of the resistor R10 connected in parallel with the capacitor C6 is connected with the source of the MOS tube, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with a voltage collecting line S, one end of the resistor R11 is connected with the drain of the MOS tube, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the resistor R12 connected in parallel with the capacitor C5, one end of the resistor R12 connected in parallel with the capacitor C5 is connected with the source of the MOS tube, and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with a voltage collecting line D; the 1 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the P pole of the current acquisition line, the 2 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the N pole of the current acquisition line, the 5 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the N pole of the voltage acquisition line, the 6 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the P pole of the voltage acquisition line, the 7 pin of the metering chip U11 is grounded, the 12 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with a power supply, the 3 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the voltage acquisition line D, and the 4 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the voltage acquisition line S; the MCU control module comprises a programmable microcontroller U12, wherein pins 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the programmable microcontroller U12 are respectively connected with pins 11, 10, 8 and 9 of the metering chip U11, pin 10 of the programmable microcontroller U12 is connected with a power supply, and pin 5 of the programmable microcontroller U12 is connected with the ground; the communication module comprises a 485 circuit chip U13, wherein pins 1 and 4 of the 485 circuit chip U13 are respectively connected with pins 11 and 13 of a programmable microcontroller U12, pins 2 and 3 of the 485 circuit chip U13 are connected in parallel and then connected with pins 12 of the programmable microcontroller U12, and pins 8 of the 485 circuit chip U13 are connected with a power supply and pins 5 are grounded; the 6 pin and the 7 pin of the 485 circuit chip U13 are respectively connected with the P pole and the N pole of the 485 bus; the MOS tube driving module comprises an MOS tube driving chip U14, wherein the 2 pin of the MOS tube driving chip U14 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube, and the 1 pin of the MOS tube driving chip U14 is connected with the 14 pin of the programmable microcontroller U12.
Preferably, the resistor R11 may be a plurality of resistors connected in series or a single resistor, and the capacitors C5 and C6 are precision resistors and capacitors.
Preferably, the MOS tube is a high-power N-channel MOS tube, and can be formed by connecting one or more MOS tubes of the same type in parallel.
Preferably, the battery pack is charged and discharged by using a DS channel of the MOS tube.
The invention also provides a parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging method based on the MOS tube storage battery, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a data acquisition module consisting of a metering chip U11, a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit samples the voltage and the current of a battery pack and the voltage at two ends of a drain electrode and a source electrode of an MOS tube, the metering chip U11 calculates the sampled value to obtain the voltage and the charging and discharging current of the battery pack, and the charging electric quantity and the discharging electric quantity of the battery are calculated through the current and the voltage;
s2, a programmable microcontroller U12 and an MOS tube driving chip U14 control the on-off of the MOS tube, a pin 14 of the programmable microcontroller U12 outputs a mixed PWM signal, the MOS tube is driven by the MOS tube driving chip U14 and the on-off of the MOS tube is controlled, when the MOS tube is charged, the PWM signal controls the on-off time of the MOS tube to generate accurate and effective battery pack charging voltage, when the battery pack is discharged, the PWM controls the MOS tube to be conducted, and the battery pack is discharged through a drain electrode and source electrode channel of the MOS tube;
s3, the programmable microcontroller U12 controls the data acquisition module to acquire data, reads the voltage, the current, the MOS tube drain electrode source electrode voltage and the electric quantity data acquired by the data acquisition module, and controls the MOS tube driving chip U14 to control the on-off of the MOS tube, so that the battery pack is charged and discharged;
and S4, an external communication interface is realized through the 485 circuit chip U13, and the programmable microcontroller U12 communicates with the outside through the 485 circuit chip U13 to realize data exchange.
Preferably, in the step S2, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s21, when the discharge current is smaller than the rated discharge current of a single battery pack, firstly discharging the battery pack with the highest voltage, when the battery pack is discharged for a period of time, reducing the voltage of the battery pack, and discharging the other resistance packs with the highest voltages if the voltage of the battery pack is not the highest, wherein the process is continued until the cabinet is powered, or all the battery packs are incapable of discharging;
s22, when the discharge current is larger than the rated discharge current of a single battery pack and smaller than the sum of rated discharge currents of all battery packs, the battery packs with similar voltages or voltage differences smaller than a set threshold value are discharged simultaneously, when one battery pack appears in the discharged battery packs and is lower than a certain battery pack which is not discharged, the two battery packs can be interchanged, namely the discharged battery packs are discharged, the undischarged battery packs are added, and the process is continued until a cabinet is powered, or all battery packs are incapable of discharging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device based on the MOS tube storage battery can be simultaneously and automatically adapted to the charging and discharging management of a plurality of parallel storage battery packs, each single battery pack control module independently performs data acquisition and charging and discharging control on the battery packs connected with the single battery pack control module, and performs heat dissipation treatment according to the temperature of the internal MOS tube, and the MOS tube is automatically opened during discharging, so that the loss power of the MOS tube is reduced.
2) The MOS tube-based storage battery parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device can be composed of a plurality of single battery pack control modules and a main control module, wherein the single battery pack control modules are independently responsible for a battery pack, collect data of the battery pack, and comprise charging and discharging voltage and charging and discharging current of the battery pack, and voltage at two ends of a drain electrode and a source electrode of an MOS tube. When charging and discharging, the fan is started to dissipate heat according to the temperature; when discharging, the MOS tube is automatically started, so that the power consumption of the MOS tube is reduced, and the service efficiency of the battery is improved. The main control module can collect data collected by all battery pack control modules, controls the battery pack control modules to charge and discharge according to the collected data, displays the current state of each battery pack, and realizes charge and discharge self-adaption of a plurality of parallel battery packs.
3) The storage battery parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging method based on the MOS tube controls the data acquired by the battery pack control module through the main control module, efficiently and accurately acquires the voltage, the current, the charging electric quantity, the discharging electric quantity and the temperature of each battery pack control module MOS tube, and can effectively control the discharging of the battery pack according to the voltage, the current and the charging electric quantity of the battery pack during discharging, thereby protecting the battery and prolonging the service life of the battery; when charging, according to charging current, voltage and charging electric quantity, the battery is charged and is effectively and accurately judged, meanwhile, the battery is charged and accurately controlled, the battery is protected, and the charging efficiency is improved.
4) By using the parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device and method based on the MOS tube storage battery, the storage battery with the normal service life of 5 years can be improved to 8-10 years, and the service life of the storage battery can be greatly prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connections of the various modules in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a single battery control module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: a storage battery parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device based on MOS tubes.
Referring to fig. 1, a parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device based on a MOS transistor storage battery includes: the device comprises a cabinet, a battery pack, a plurality of single battery pack control modules and a main control module U3, wherein the single battery pack control modules and the main control module U3 are arranged in parallel; each single battery pack control module comprises a control module U1, an MOS tube and a current sampling resistor, wherein the positive electrode of the single battery pack is connected with the positive electrode of the cabinet, the MOS tube is connected in series with the negative electrode of the single battery pack, one end of the current sampling resistor is connected in series with the source electrode of the MOS tube, the other end of the current sampling resistor is connected with the negative electrode of the cabinet, the positive electrode of the control module U1 is connected on a connecting line of the positive electrode of the battery pack and the positive electrode of the cabinet, the negative electrode of the control module U1 is connected on a connecting line of the negative electrode of the current sampling resistor and the negative electrode of the cabinet, the drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected to the SV+ end of the control module U1, the source electrode of the MOS tube is connected to the MOS interface end of the control module U1, the first end of the current sampling resistor is connected with the SI+ end of the control module U1, the second end of the current sampling resistor is connected with the SI-end of the control module U1, the main control module U3 is connected with the single battery pack control module in parallel, the single battery pack control module receives a command from the main control module U3 through a 485 bus, and the main control module U3 is in communication control with the single battery pack control module through the 485 bus.
The parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging device based on the MOS tube storage battery comprises the following working principles: after the single battery pack control module is electrified and runs, the MOS tube Q1 is closed firstly, a main control module instruction is received, and the MOS tube Q1 is operated according to the main control module instruction. Meanwhile, data such as battery voltage, current, temperature of the MOS tube Q1, voltage at two ends of a drain electrode and a source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 are collected through a single battery control module, the working state of the battery is judged through the collected data, when the battery is in a discharging state, if the main control module does not control the battery control module to conduct the MOS tube Q1, the battery control module automatically controls the MOS tube Q1 to conduct so as to reduce loss; the battery is in a charging state, is controlled by the main control board, and is operated according to the instruction of the main control board to charge the battery. The temperature of the MOS tube Q1 exceeds the set upper limit, the fan is started to perform heat dissipation treatment, and the heat dissipation fan is turned off when the temperature is lower than the set upper limit. After the main control module U3 is electrified and runs, the main control module U3 is communicated with each single battery pack control module through a 485 bus, data acquired by the battery pack modules are acquired, and each battery pack control module is controlled through the data, so that the charge and discharge management of the battery is realized.
Referring to fig. 2, the control module U1 includes a data acquisition module, a MOS transistor driving module, an MCU control module, and a communication module; the data acquisition module comprises a metering chip U11, two voltage sampling circuits and a current sampling circuit, wherein the first voltage sampling circuit is a differential sampling circuit and comprises resistors R1, R2 and R3 and capacitors C1 and C2, the resistor R2 is connected in series with the positive electrode of the battery pack, the resistor R3 is connected in series with the resistor R2, the capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R3, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the P electrode of a voltage acquisition line after being connected in parallel with the resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the N electrode of the voltage acquisition line after being connected in parallel with the resistor R1, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded; the current sampling circuit is a current differential sampling circuit and comprises resistors R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 and capacitors C3 and C4, one end of the resistor R4 is connected with a source electrode of the MOS tube, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the capacitor C3, the resistor R5 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the ground, one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the resistor R4, one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the ground, and one end connected with the R4 is connected with a P pole of a current acquisition line; the resistor R6 is connected with the resistors R7, R5 and R8 in parallel, one end of the resistor R6 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the R9, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with the capacitor C4, one end of the resistor R8 is connected with the capacitor C4, one end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the resistor R8, the other end is connected with the R9 and the N pole of the current acquisition line, one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the R5, and the other end is connected with the R8; the second voltage sampling circuit consists of resistors R10, R12 and R11 and capacitors C5 and C6, and is used for collecting the drain-source voltage of the MOS tube, wherein one end of the resistor R10 connected in parallel with the capacitor C6 is connected with the source of the MOS tube, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with a voltage collecting line S, one end of the resistor R11 is connected with the drain of the MOS tube, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the resistor R12 connected in parallel with the capacitor C5, one end of the resistor R12 connected in parallel with the capacitor C5 is connected with the source of the MOS tube, and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with a voltage collecting line D; the 1 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the P pole of the current acquisition line, the 2 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the N pole of the current acquisition line, the 5 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the N pole of the voltage acquisition line, the 6 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the P pole of the voltage acquisition line, the 7 pin of the metering chip U11 is grounded, the 12 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with a power supply, the 3 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the voltage acquisition line D, and the 4 pin of the metering chip U11 is connected with the voltage acquisition line S; the MCU control module comprises a programmable microcontroller U12, wherein pins 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the programmable microcontroller U12 are respectively connected with pins 11, 10, 8 and 9 of the metering chip U11, pin 10 of the programmable microcontroller U12 is connected with a power supply, and pin 5 of the programmable microcontroller U12 is connected with the ground; the communication module comprises a 485 circuit chip U13, wherein pins 1 and 4 of the 485 circuit chip U13 are respectively connected with pins 11 and 13 of a programmable microcontroller U12, pins 2 and 3 of the 485 circuit chip U13 are connected in parallel and then connected with pins 12 of the programmable microcontroller U12, and pins 8 of the 485 circuit chip U13 are connected with a power supply and pins 5 are grounded; the 6 pin and the 7 pin of the 485 circuit chip U13 are respectively connected with the P pole and the N pole of the 485 bus; the MOS tube driving module comprises an MOS tube driving chip U14, wherein the 2 pin of the MOS tube driving chip U14 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube, and the 1 pin of the MOS tube driving chip U14 is connected with the 14 pin of the programmable microcontroller U12.
In this embodiment, a data acquisition module composed of a metering chip U11, a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit acquires voltage and current data of a battery pack, and transmits the acquired voltage and current values to the metering chip U11 of the integrated analog-to-digital converter, the metering chip U11 calculates charge and discharge electric quantity, charge and discharge current, charge and discharge voltage and charge and discharge power of the battery, the calculated charge and discharge electric quantity, charge and discharge current, charge and discharge voltage and charge and discharge power are input to a control module, and a programmable microcontroller U12 in the control module reads the acquired charge and discharge electric quantity, charge and discharge current, charge and discharge voltage and charge and discharge power, acquires module temperature data, and precisely controls a MOS tube driving chip U14 to perform on-off control on a MOS tube. The programmable microcontroller U12 transmits control data to the 485 circuit chip U13, and the 485 circuit chip U13 interacts with the external equipment module through a communication interface on the 485 bus, transmits acquired data to the external equipment module and is controlled by the external module. The control module can efficiently and accurately acquire the voltage, the current, the charge quantity, the discharge quantity and the module temperature of the battery through the data acquired by the data acquisition module, and can effectively control the discharge of the battery according to the voltage, the current and the charge quantity of the battery when the battery is discharged, so that the battery is prevented from being excessively discharged, the battery is protected, and the service life of the battery is prolonged; when the battery is charged, the charging quantity of the battery is effectively and accurately judged according to the charging current, the charging voltage and the charging quantity, the battery is accurately controlled to be charged, the overcharge can be prevented, the battery is protected, and the charging efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, a voltage differential sampling circuit is disposed at two ends of a drain electrode and a source electrode of a MOS tube, the voltage differential sampling circuit includes resistors R10, R11, R12 and capacitors C5 and C6, the resistor R11 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube, the resistor R12 is connected in series with the resistor R11, the resistor R10 is connected in parallel with the resistor R12, the capacitor C5 is connected in parallel with the resistor R12, and the capacitor C6 is connected in parallel with the resistor R10. The voltage differential sampling circuit is used for sampling the voltages at two ends of a drain electrode and a source electrode of the MOS tube, and judging whether to start a fan to radiate according to the voltages at two ends of the drain electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube during charging and discharging; when discharging, the MOS tube is automatically started, so that the power consumption of the MOS tube is reduced, and the service efficiency of the battery is improved.
In this embodiment, the resistor R11 may be a plurality of resistors connected in series or a single resistor, and the capacitors C5 and C6 are precision resistors and capacitors, and meanwhile, the MOS transistor is a high-power N-channel MOS transistor, and is formed by connecting a plurality of MOS transistors of the same type in parallel.
In this embodiment, when the battery pack discharges, the MOS transistor is automatically turned on to turn on the drain and source of the MOS transistor, reduce the voltages at both ends of the drain and source of the MOS transistor, and the drain-source loss power p=ui, when the drain and source of the MOS transistor are not turned on, the diode in the MOS transistor discharges, U is about 0.7V, assuming that the discharge current is 100A, and the loss power is calculated by a formula to be 70W; when the MOS tube is conducted, the drain electrode and source electrode voltages of the MOS tube are very small, the formula P=UI=I×I×R is used, R is the conduction internal resistance of the MOS tube, the conduction internal resistance of the MOS tube selected by the device is 800uΩ, the same current is used, the loss power is 8W, through calculation, the MOS tube is used for discharging, when the MOS tube is conducted, the loss power is greatly reduced, the discharging loss is reduced, the service efficiency of the battery is improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
In this embodiment, according to the voltage parameter of the MOS tube of the battery pack, whether the cooling fan is started is controlled, when the battery pack is charged and discharged, because a tiny resistor exists when the MOS tube is turned on, when the charge and discharge current is large, electricity is converted into heat, so that the temperature of the MOS tube is increased, if the MOS tube is not only subjected to heat dissipation treatment, the temperature of the MOS tube exceeds the limit temperature, the MOS tube is damaged, the battery pack cannot be effectively controlled, and when the temperature exceeds the set upper limit value, the fan is started to dissipate heat, so that the temperature of the MOS tube is effectively controlled.
In this embodiment, when the battery pack is charged, the control module controls the gate of the MOS transistor through the hybrid PWM mode, so that the MOS transistor is turned on according to the PWM signal, and the output PWM signal is adjusted by collecting the effective voltage and current parameters of the battery pack, so that the output effective value of the charging voltage reaches the set value.
In this embodiment, each resistor group control module independently performs data acquisition and charge-discharge control on the resistor groups connected with the resistor group control module, performs heat dissipation treatment according to the temperature of the internal MOS tube, and automatically opens the MOS tube during discharge, so as to reduce the loss power of the MOS tube.
In this embodiment, when the battery pack is discharged and the MOS tube is not turned on, the loss power is relatively large, and the MOS tube must be opened and the MOS tube DS channel is used for discharging; when the battery pack is charged, the MOS tube must be started, otherwise, the battery pack cannot be charged. Therefore, in the device, the MOS pipeline DS channels are used for charging and discharging the battery pack.
Example 2: a parallel self-adaptive charge-discharge method based on MOS tube storage batteries.
The charge and discharge method based on the parallel self-adaptive charge and discharge device of the MOS tube storage battery in the embodiment 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, a data acquisition module consisting of a metering chip U11, a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit samples the voltage and the current of a battery pack and the voltage at two ends of a drain electrode and a source electrode of an MOS tube, the metering chip U11 calculates the sampled value to obtain the voltage and the charging and discharging current of the battery pack, and the charging electric quantity and the discharging electric quantity of the battery are calculated through the current and the voltage;
s2, a programmable microcontroller U12 and an MOS tube driving chip U14 control the on-off of the MOS tube, a pin 14 of the programmable microcontroller U12 outputs a mixed PWM signal, the MOS tube is driven by the MOS tube driving chip U14 and the on-off of the MOS tube is controlled, when the MOS tube is charged, the PWM signal controls the on-off time of the MOS tube to generate accurate and effective battery pack charging voltage, when the battery pack is discharged, the PWM controls the MOS tube to be conducted, and the battery pack is discharged through a drain electrode and source electrode channel of the MOS tube;
s3, the programmable microcontroller U12 controls the data acquisition module to acquire data, reads the voltage, the current, the MOS tube drain electrode source electrode voltage and the electric quantity data acquired by the data acquisition module, and controls the MOS tube driving chip U14 to control the on-off of the MOS tube, so that the battery pack is charged and discharged;
and S4, an external communication interface is realized through the 485 circuit chip U13, and the programmable microcontroller U12 communicates with the outside through the 485 circuit chip U13 to realize data exchange.
In step S2, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s21, when the discharge current is smaller than the rated discharge current of a single battery pack, firstly discharging the battery pack with the highest voltage, when the battery pack is discharged for a period of time, reducing the voltage of the battery pack, and discharging the other resistance packs with the highest voltages if the voltage of the battery pack is not the highest, wherein the process is continued until the cabinet is powered, or all the battery packs are incapable of discharging;
s22, when the discharge current is larger than the rated discharge current of a single battery pack and smaller than the sum of rated discharge currents of all battery packs, the battery packs with similar voltages or voltage differences smaller than a set threshold value are discharged simultaneously, when one battery pack appears in the discharged battery packs and is lower than a certain battery pack which is not discharged, the two battery packs can be interchanged, namely the discharged battery packs are discharged, the undischarged battery packs are added, and the process is continued until a cabinet is powered, or all battery packs are incapable of discharging.
The storage battery parallel self-adaptive charging and discharging method based on the MOS tube controls the data acquired by the battery pack control module through the main control module, efficiently and accurately acquires the voltage, the current, the charging electric quantity, the discharging electric quantity and the temperature of each battery pack control module MOS tube, and can effectively control the discharging of the battery pack according to the voltage, the current and the charging electric quantity of the battery pack during discharging, thereby protecting the battery and prolonging the service life of the battery; when charging, according to charging current, voltage and charging electric quantity, the battery is charged and is effectively and accurately judged, meanwhile, the battery is charged and accurately controlled, the battery is protected, and the charging efficiency is improved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The self-adaptive charge and discharge method based on the parallel self-adaptive charge and discharge device of the MOS tube storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, a data acquisition module consisting of a metering chip U11, a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit samples the voltage and the current of a battery pack and the voltage at two ends of a drain electrode and a source electrode of an MOS tube, the metering chip U11 calculates the sampled value to obtain the voltage and the charging and discharging current of the battery pack, and the charging electric quantity and the discharging electric quantity of the battery are calculated through the current and the voltage;
s2, a programmable microcontroller U12 and an MOS tube driving chip U14 control the on-off of the MOS tube, a pin 14 of the programmable microcontroller U12 outputs a mixed PWM signal, the MOS tube is driven by the MOS tube driving chip U14 and the on-off of the MOS tube is controlled, when the MOS tube is charged, the PWM signal controls the on-off time of the MOS tube to generate accurate and effective battery pack charging voltage, when the battery pack is discharged, the PWM controls the MOS tube to be conducted, and the battery pack is discharged through a drain electrode and source electrode channel of the MOS tube;
s3, the programmable microcontroller U12 controls the data acquisition module to acquire data, reads the voltage, the current, the MOS tube drain electrode source electrode voltage and the electric quantity data acquired by the data acquisition module, and controls the MOS tube driving chip U14 to control the on-off of the MOS tube by controlling the MOS tube driving chip U12 to charge and discharge the battery pack;
and S4, an external communication interface is realized through the 485 circuit chip U13, and the programmable microcontroller U12 communicates with the outside through the 485 circuit chip U13 to realize data exchange.
2. The adaptive charge and discharge method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises the steps of:
s21, when the discharge current is smaller than the rated discharge current of a single battery pack, firstly discharging the battery pack with the highest voltage, when the battery pack is discharged for a period of time, reducing the voltage of the battery pack, and discharging the other battery packs with the highest voltages until the cabinet is powered or all battery packs have no capability of discharging;
s22, when the discharge current is larger than the rated discharge current of a single battery pack and smaller than the sum of rated discharge currents of all battery packs, the battery packs with similar voltages or voltage difference smaller than a set threshold value are discharged simultaneously, and when one battery pack is lower than a certain battery pack which is not discharged in the discharged battery packs, the two battery packs can be interchanged, namely the discharged battery packs are discharged, and the discharged battery packs are added into the discharged battery packs until the cabinet is supplied with power, or all battery packs are incapable of discharging.
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| CN108429311A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-21 | 肖立 | The circuit of large-capacity battery pack safe and free parallel connection can be achieved |
| CN108790892A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-13 | 重庆明斯克电气有限公司 | A kind of charging monitoring managing device of electric vehicle |
| CN109193910A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-11 | 上海航天能源股份有限公司 | A kind of battery switching circuit and battery switching method |
| CN110752645A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-04 | 广东博力威科技股份有限公司 | Parallel charging and discharging management system for multiple batteries |
| CN114079296B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2024-04-12 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Voltage conversion circuit, control method, DC/DC converter and device |
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