CN107065007A - A kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment and device - Google Patents
A kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment and device Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/34—Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment and device, wherein, this method includes：Obtain the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured；NMO stretching removal procedure is carried out to trace gather to be measured, and determines the mute time point of each seismic channel in trace gather to be measured；According to the mute time point of each seismic channel in trace gather to be measured, multiple periods are determined；Trace gather to be measured after statistics excision falls into the seismic channel number of each period in multiple periods；According to signal to noise ratio and the seismic channel number of each period, calculating obtains the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in each period；Based on the energy adjusting factor, row amplitude adjustment, the seismic signal after being adjusted are entered to trace gather to be measured.In embodiments of the present invention, it is contemplated that due to that the problem of signal energy skewness, can obtain more conforming to the Exploration signals of geologic rule in the splice region and marginal zone of block in flakes caused by the offset distance change of trace gather to be measured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of geological exploration, more particularly to a kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment and device.
Background technology
At present, due to the construction factor between each block, excite and condition of acceptance and signal acquisition time differ,
The parameter differences thus collected between block are larger, for example：The parameters such as degree of covering, single-shot energy power.When each area of utilization
When the seismic data of block carries out imaging in flakes, in the splice region of block, due to being by the earthquake of two pieces or more than two pieces
Data superposition is obtained, and the degree of covering of seismic data is apparently higher than elsewhere at superposition, if can not effectively be shaken
Width is adjusted, and inevitably results in phenomenon of making an arc；In the fringe region of block, due to collection reason, the degree of covering of seismic channel set is bright
It is aobvious to be less than full covering area, it will also cause the edge of strong energy toward the blocks in other areas to be made an arc.
Generally, can be first using geometrical attenuation compensation and earth's surface-consistent when carrying out imaging to above-mentioned block in flakes
The methods such as amplitude compensation enter row amplitude adjustment to seismic data in flakes.However, during using the above method, due in each block
And between each block original earthquake information amplitude energy difference it is excessive, remote, near migration range energy is weaker, thus is adjusted
Seismic data effect afterwards is poor.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, not yet proposing effective solution at present.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment and device, it is imaged with realizing to block in flakes
During processing, in the case where ensureing that seismic data information is not lost, the purpose of energy coincidence between each block.
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment, it can include：Obtain the letter of trace gather to be measured
Make an uproar ratio；Carry out NMO stretching removal procedure to the trace gather to be measured, and determine cutting for each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured
Except time point；According to the mute time point of each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured, multiple periods are determined；After statistics excision
Trace gather to be measured fall into the seismic channel number of each period in the multiple period；According to the signal to noise ratio and it is described each when
Between section seismic channel number, calculating obtain the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in each period；Based on the energy
Dynamic gene is measured, row amplitude adjustment, the seismic signal after being adjusted are entered to the trace gather to be measured.
In one embodiment, can be according to below equation according to the signal to noise ratio and the seismic channel of each period
Number, calculating obtains the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in each period：
Cof (t)=P*cov (t)-1/K+(1-P)*snr-1/L
Wherein, cof (t) represents the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in time period t, and cov (t) represents described to be measured
Trace gather is in the seismic channel number of time period t, and snr represents the signal to noise ratio, 0≤P≤1, K ＞ 1, L ＞ 0.
In one embodiment, before the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured is obtained, methods described can also include：Obtain to be measured
The geological data in work area；The geological data is pre-processed, the geological data after being handled, wherein, the pretreatment
At least one of can be included but is not limited to：Prestack denoising, earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation, geometrical attenuation absorption compensation and road
Sorting；According to the geological data after the processing, multiple trace gathers to be measured are determined.
In one embodiment, in the seismic channel number according to the signal to noise ratio and each period, calculating obtains institute
Trace gather to be measured is stated after the energy adjusting factor of each period, methods described can also include：To the road to be measured
The energy adjusting factor of collection is smoothed, and obtains the energy adjusting factor after the trace gather smoothing processing to be measured.
In one embodiment, the energy adjusting factor can be based on according to below equation, the trace gather to be measured is entered
Row amplitude is adjusted, the seismic signal after being adjusted：
S'(t)=s (t) pcof (t)
Wherein, s'(t) seismic signal in time period t after adjustment is represented, s (t) is represented before the trace gather adjustment to be measured
In the seismic signal of time period t, pcof (t) represents energy adjusting of the trace gather to be measured after time period t is smoothed
The factor.
In one embodiment, the energy adjusting factor to the trace gather to be measured is smoothed, and obtains described to be measured
The energy adjusting factor after trace gather smoothing processing, can include：In a predetermined sequence successively to each in the work area to be measured
The position of trace gather to be measured is demarcated, and obtains carrying out each trace gather to be measured after location position；Obtain each in such a way
The energy adjusting factor after trace gather smoothing processing to be measured：Centered on the position of current trace gather to be measured, predetermined smooth radius is
Radius, obtains smooth region；According to the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured of each in the smooth region, calculating obtains described work as
The energy adjusting factor after preceding trace gather smoothing processing to be measured.
In one embodiment, the energy obtained after the current trace gather smoothing processing to be measured can be calculated according to below equation
Measure Dynamic gene：
Wherein, whenWhen, wij=0；
WhenWhen,
Wherein, pcofklRepresent position be smoothed for the current trace gather to be measured of (k, l) after energy adjusting because
Son, cofijRepresent position for (i, j) trace gather to be measured be smoothed before the energy adjusting factor, wijRepresent position for (i,
J) smoothing factor of trace gather to be measured, R represents the smooth radius, R >=1, i=k-R, k-R+1 ..., k+R, j=l-R, l-R+
1,…,l+R。
In one embodiment, the smooth radius can be determined according to the number of trace gather to be measured in the work area to be measured
's.
In one embodiment, the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured can be obtained according to below equation：
Wherein,
Wherein, snr represents the signal to noise ratio of the trace gather to be measured, R (xc,xd) represent c-th of seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured
With the cross correlation value of d-th of seismic channel, c=1,2 ..., N, d=1,2 ..., N, N is represented during c-th of seismic trace analysis in window
Total number of samples.
In one embodiment, c-th of seismic channel and d-th of ground in the trace gather to be measured can be determined in such a way
Shake the cross correlation value in road：Determine that c-th of seismic channel and d-th of seismic channel correspond to ground in the trace gather to be measured according to below equation
The cross correlation value of each sample point number when shaking trace analysis in window, obtain it is corresponding with each described sample point number it is multiple mutually
Close result：
Wherein, t=0,1 ..., L, L represent total number of samples in window during c-th of seismic trace analysis, and τ represents seismic channel
Sample point number in analysis window, τ=0,1 ..., L；
Maximum in the multiple cross correlation results is chosen as the mutual of c-th of seismic channel and d-th seismic channel
Correlation.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus, can include：Signal to noise ratio acquisition module,
Signal to noise ratio for obtaining trace gather to be measured；Trace gather cuts off module, for carrying out NMO stretching removal of place to the trace gather to be measured
Reason, and determine the mute time point of each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured；Period determining module, for according to described to be measured
The mute time point of the seismic channel of each in trace gather, determines multiple periods；Seismic channel number statistical module, for counting after excision
Trace gather to be measured fall into the seismic channel number of each period in the multiple period；Dynamic gene computing module, for basis
The signal to noise ratio and the seismic channel number of each period, calculating obtain energy of the trace gather to be measured in each period
Measure Dynamic gene；Amplitude adjusting module, for based on the energy adjusting factor, entering row amplitude adjustment to the trace gather to be measured,
Seismic signal after being adjusted.
In embodiments of the present invention, because NMO stretching removal procedure can be effectively cut off in trace gather to be measured due to skew
Away from change, and the noise signal of fluctuation characteristic is lost, therefore, it can first carry out NMO stretching removal procedure to trace gather to be measured,
And the mute time point of each seismic channel in trace gather to be measured is determined, fallen into by counting the trace gather to be measured after excision by the mute time
The seismic channel number of each period in multiple periods determined by point, so as to consider the offset distance change due to trace gather to be measured
The problem of caused signal energy skewness.Further, using determined by above-mentioned multiple seismic channel numbers and signal to noise ratio
The energy adjusting factor of trace gather to be measured enters row amplitude adjustment, can be more conformed in the splice region and marginal zone of block in flakes
The Exploration signals of geologic rule, using the Exploration signals to block is imaged in flakes when, the higher geology of quality can be obtained
Imaging results, so as to realize that energy is consistent between each block in the case where ensureing that seismic data information is not lost.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment or existing in order to illustrate more clearly of the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments described in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, are not paying the premise of creative labor
Under, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment flow chart that the application is provided；
Fig. 2 is the migration imaging signal for entering seismic signal after row amplitude adjustment to somewhere based on conventional amplitude method of adjustment
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the skew that the amplitude method of adjustment provided based on the application enters seismic signal after row amplitude adjustment to somewhere
Imaging schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is a kind of structured flowchart for seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus that the application is provided.
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical scheme in the application, it is real below in conjunction with the application
The accompanying drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example only some embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, this area is common
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, should all belong to the application protection
Scope.
In view of the signal energy skewness that different offset distance changes in each seismic channel set in the prior art are caused
The problem of, and NMO stretching removal procedure can cut off the noise signal produced by changing in trace gather to be measured due to offset distance,
The mode that by NMO stretching removal procedure and repeatedly statistics seismic channel number is combined is inventors herein proposed, after first statistics excision
The seismic channel number of trace gather to be measured each period in multiple periods determined by mute time point, recycles each earthquake
Road number determines the energy adjusting factor of trace gather to be measured, and row amplitude adjustment is entered finally according to the energy adjusting factor pair trace gather to be measured.
Based on this, it is proposed that a kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment, as shown in figure 1, may comprise steps of：
S101：Obtain the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured.
Wherein, trace gather to be measured can be common midpoint gather, common-shot-gather, common receiving point gather, CRP gather,
Common-depth-point gather etc..
In one embodiment of the application, before the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured is obtained, it can also include：Obtain to be measured
The geological data in work area；Geological data is pre-processed, the geological data after being handled, wherein, pretreatment can include
But it is not limited at least one of：Prestack denoising, earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation, geometrical attenuation absorption compensation and road sorting；Root
According to the geological data after processing, multiple trace gathers to be measured are determined.
Using above-mentioned pretreatment mode to trace gather to be measured carry out denoising after, can remove more normal in trace gather to be measured
The noise signal seen, so as to obtain more conforming to the trace gather to be measured of geologic feature.
In one embodiment of the application, the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured can be obtained according to below equation：
Wherein,
Wherein, snr represents the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured, R (xc,xd) represent in trace gather to be measured c-th of seismic channel and d-th
The cross correlation value of seismic channel, c=1,2 ..., N, d=1,2 ..., N, N represents total number of samples in window during c-th of seismic trace analysis.
It is determined that during the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured, in the following manner can be first passed through and determined in trace gather to be measured c-th
The cross correlation value of seismic channel and d-th of seismic channel：
S1-1：Determine that c-th of seismic channel and d-th of seismic channel are corresponding to seismic channel point in trace gather to be measured according to below equation
The cross correlation value of each sample point number during analysis in window, obtains the multiple cross correlation results corresponding with each sample point number：
Wherein, t=0,1 ..., L, L represent total number of samples in window during c-th of seismic trace analysis, and τ represents seismic trace analysis
When window in sample point number, τ=0,1 ..., L；
S1-2：The maximum in multiple cross correlation results is chosen as the cross-correlation of c-th of seismic channel and d-th of seismic channel
Value.
Obtained multiple cross correlation values are substituted into signal-to-noise ratio computation formula, the trace gather to be measured is obtained so as to calculate
Signal to noise ratio.
S102：NMO stretching removal procedure is carried out to trace gather to be measured, and determines each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured
Mute time point.
S103：According to the mute time point of each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured, multiple periods are determined.
S104：Trace gather to be measured after statistics excision falls into the seismic channel number of each period in the multiple period.
Seismic data moves correction relationship to the precision and application effect of seism processing result.In dynamic trimming process, letter
Number time can be elongated, frequency moves to low frequency and can produce the phenomenon of waveform variations, when stretch distortion is serious, can not only destroy folded
Plus effect, it can also cause seismic signal to lose due wave mechanics feature, resolution ratio be reduced, so that seismic prospecting can be influenceed
Precision and geological effect.Therefore, we can carry out removal procedure to the waveform after NMO stretching, disappear so as to realize
Except the purpose of above-mentioned influence.
It is applied in the application, i.e. can be by carrying out NMO stretching removal procedure to trace gather to be measured, and determines to be measured
The mute time point of the seismic channel of each in trace gather, according to the mute time point of each seismic channel in trace gather to be measured, is determined multiple
Period, the trace gather to be measured after statistics excision falls into the seismic channel number of each period in the multiple period.
During practical application, the information in trace header that can be by reading each seismic channel, so as to obtain each
The mute time of seismic channel, then the statistics for carrying out seismic channel number is corresponded in trace gather to be measured.It is true by mute time point by counting
Seismic channel number in fixed multiple periods after the removal procedure of each period, so as to consider in trace gather to be measured due to skew
Influence away from change to trace gather to be measured, improves effect when block in flakes carries out imaging.
Further, in this application, the seismic channel number included in trace gather to be measured is the degree of covering of trace gather to be measured.
Thus, the mode of above-mentioned statistics seismic channel number is the degree of covering for counting trace gather to be measured.Thus, for single trace gather to be measured
Speech, the degree of covering counted on using aforesaid way was changed with the period determined by the mute time.For example：Certain road to be measured
Collection has 10 seismic channels, carries out after NMO stretching removal procedure, in 0-5s, 10 seismic channels are not removed；In 5s-
7s, 8 seismic channels are not removed；In 7s-8s, 5 seismic channels are not removed；In 8s-9s, 3 seismic channels are not cut
Remove；In 9s-10s, 1 seismic channel is not removed.For the trace gather to be measured in the example, in 0-5s, degree of covering is
10；In 5s-7s, degree of covering is 8；In 7s-8s, degree of covering is 5；In 8s-9s, degree of covering is 3；In 9s-10s, covering
Number of times is 1.
S105：According to the signal to noise ratio and the seismic channel number of each period, calculating obtains the trace gather to be measured and existed
The energy adjusting factor of each period.
On the ground for obtaining the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured to the distribution of S105 methods describeds using S101 and changing with the period
, can be according to below equation according to above-mentioned signal to noise ratio and the seismic channel number of each above-mentioned period after shake road number, calculating is obtained
The energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in each period：
Cof (t)=P*cov (t)-1/K+(1-P)*snr-1/L
Wherein, cof (t) represents the energy adjusting factor of trace gather to be measured in time period t, cov (t) represent trace gather to be measured when
Between section t seismic channel number, snr represents signal to noise ratio, 0≤P≤1, K ＞ 1, L ＞ 0.
For a trace gather to be measured, degree of covering changes with the period, but signal to noise ratio is constant.
, can be to the energy of trace gather to be measured after the above-mentioned energy adjusting factor is obtained in one embodiment of the application
Amount Dynamic gene is smoothed, and obtains the energy adjusting factor after trace gather smoothing processing to be measured.Before being smoothed,
The trace gather to be measured of each in work area to be measured first calculates and has obtained the energy adjusting factor corresponding with each trace gather to be measured.Work as progress
It is pair that the energy adjusting factor corresponding with each trace gather to be measured carries out smoothing operation during smoothing processing.Specifically, can include
Following steps：
S5-1：The position of each trace gather to be measured in work area to be measured is demarcated successively in a predetermined sequence, entered
Line position puts each calibrated trace gather to be measured；
S5-2：The energy adjusting factor after each trace gather smoothing processing to be measured is obtained in such a way：With current to be measured
Centered on the position of trace gather, predetermined smooth radius is radius, obtains smooth region；According to the trace gather to be measured of each in smooth region
The energy adjusting factor, calculate the energy adjusting factor obtained after current trace gather smoothing processing to be measured.
I.e., it is possible to calculate the energy adjusting factor obtained after above-mentioned current trace gather smoothing processing to be measured according to below equation：
Wherein, whenWhen, wij=0；
WhenWhen,
Wherein, pcofklRepresent position for (k, l) current trace gather to be measured be smoothed after the energy adjusting factor,
cofijRepresent position for (i, j) trace gather to be measured be smoothed before the energy adjusting factor, wijIt is (i, j) to represent position
Trace gather to be measured smoothing factor, R represents smooth radius, i=k-R, k-R+1 ..., k+R, j=l-R, l-R+1 ..., l+R.
Wherein, smooth radius can be determined according to the number of trace gather to be measured in work area to be measured.That is, when in work area to be measured
When having 10 trace gathers to be measured, smooth radius can be 10.
S106：Based on the energy adjusting factor, row amplitude adjustment, the earthquake after being adjusted are entered to the trace gather to be measured
Signal.
In one embodiment of the application, the energy adjusting factor after the energy adjusting factor or smoothing processing is obtained
Afterwards, can be according to below equation based on the energy adjusting factor after the above-mentioned energy adjusting factor or smoothing processing, to be measured
Trace gather enters row amplitude adjustment, the seismic signal after being adjusted：
S'(t)=s (t) pcof (t)
Wherein, s'(t) represent the seismic signal in time period t after adjustment, s (t) represent before trace gather to be measured adjustment when
Between section t seismic signal, pcof (t) represents the energy adjusting factor of trace gather to be measured when time period t is smoothed.
Adjusted by entering row amplitude to seismic data so that bin trace gather total energy is generally kept at same level, enters
And obtain the more uniform prestack trace gather of degree of covering.
Be illustrated in figure 2 based on conventional amplitude method of adjustment somewhere is entered row amplitude adjustment after seismic signal shift into
As schematic diagram, Fig. 3 show the migration imaging schematic diagram of seismic signal after the adjustment of the amplitude of the embodiment of the present invention, the He of comparison diagram 2
Fig. 3 is can be found that：6 sections are can clearly be seen that at 6 white arrows in figure 3, i.e. Fig. 3 can preferably explicitly
The details of layer.As can be seen here, the amplitude method of adjustment provided by this example can effectively solve migration before stack and draw arc and border
Effect problem, is effectively improved migrated section signal to noise ratio, geological data is explained that personnel more accurately judge to conciliate
Subsurface geological structure situation is released, the precision found favourable hydrocarbon trap and determine well location is improved.
Based on same inventive concept, a kind of seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus is additionally provided in the embodiment of the present invention, it is as follows
Described in the embodiment in face.Because seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus solves the principle and seismic data amplitude method of adjustment phase of problem
Seemingly, therefore the implementation of seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus may refer to the implementation of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment, part is repeated
Repeat no more.Used below, term " unit " or " module " can realize the software of predetermined function and/or the group of hardware
Close.Although the device described by following examples is preferably realized with software, hardware, or software and hardware combination
Realization be also that may and be contemplated.Fig. 4 is a kind of structural frames of the seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure, as shown in figure 4, can include：Signal to noise ratio acquisition module 401, trace gather excision module 402, period determining module 403,
Road number statistical module 404, Dynamic gene computing module 405, amplitude adjusting module 406 are shaken, the structure is illustrated below.
Signal to noise ratio acquisition module 401, can be used for the signal to noise ratio for obtaining trace gather to be measured；
Trace gather cuts off module 402, can be used for carrying out NMO stretching removal procedure to the trace gather to be measured, and determine institute
State the mute time point of each seismic channel in trace gather to be measured；
Period determining module 403, can be used for the mute time point according to each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured, really
Make multiple periods；
Seismic channel number statistical module 404, the trace gather to be measured that can be used for after statistics excision was fallen into the multiple period
The seismic channel number of each period；
Dynamic gene computing module 405, can be used for the seismic channel number according to the signal to noise ratio and each period,
Calculating obtains the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in each period；
Amplitude adjusting module 406, can be used for being based on the energy adjusting factor, and row amplitude tune is entered to the trace gather to be measured
It is whole, the seismic signal after being adjusted.
In one embodiment of the application, the Dynamic gene computing module specifically can be used for according to below equation root
According to the signal to noise ratio and the seismic channel number of each period, calculating obtains the trace gather to be measured in each period
The energy adjusting factor：
Cof (t)=P*cov (t)-1/K+(1-P)*snr-1/L
Wherein, cof (t) represents the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in time period t, and cov (t) represents described to be measured
Trace gather is in the seismic channel number of time period t, and snr represents the signal to noise ratio, 0≤P≤1, K ＞ 1, L ＞ 0.
In one embodiment of the application, the signal to noise ratio acquisition module can include：Seismic data acquisition cell, can
For before the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured is obtained, obtaining the geological data in work area to be measured；Pretreatment unit, can be used for pair
The geological data is pre-processed, the geological data after being handled, wherein, the pretreatment can include but is not limited to
It is at least one lower：Prestack denoising, earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation, geometrical attenuation absorption compensation and road sorting；Trace gather determining unit,
It can be used for according to the geological data after the processing, determine multiple trace gathers to be measured.
In one embodiment of the application, the Dynamic gene computing module according to the signal to noise ratio and it is described each
The seismic channel number of period, calculating obtains the trace gather to be measured after the energy adjusting factor of each period, may be used also
It is smoothed for the energy adjusting factor to the trace gather to be measured, obtains the energy after the trace gather smoothing processing to be measured
Measure Dynamic gene.
In one embodiment of the application, the amplitude adjusting module specifically can be used for being based on institute according to below equation
The energy adjusting factor is stated, row amplitude adjustment, the seismic signal after being adjusted are entered to the trace gather to be measured：
S'(t)=s (t) pcof (t)
Wherein, s'(t) seismic signal in time period t after adjustment is represented, s (t) is represented before the trace gather adjustment to be measured
In the seismic signal of time period t, pcof (t) represents energy adjusting of the trace gather to be measured after time period t is smoothed
The factor.
In one embodiment of the application, the Dynamic gene computing module can include：Location position unit, can be with
For in a predetermined sequence successively demarcating the position of each trace gather to be measured in the work area to be measured, obtain carrying out position
Each calibrated trace gather to be measured；Factor calculating unit, can be used for obtaining each trace gather to be measured in such a way and smoothly locates
The energy adjusting factor after reason：Centered on the position of current trace gather to be measured, predetermined smooth radius is radius, obtains smooth area
Domain；According to the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured of each in the smooth region, it is smooth that calculating obtains the current trace gather to be measured
The energy adjusting factor after processing.
In one embodiment of the application, the factor calculating unit specifically can be used for calculating according to below equation
The energy adjusting factor to after the current trace gather smoothing processing to be measured：
Wherein, whenWhen, wij=0；
WhenWhen,
Wherein, pcofklRepresent position be smoothed for the current trace gather to be measured of (k, l) after energy adjusting because
Son, cofijRepresent position for (i, j) trace gather to be measured be smoothed before the energy adjusting factor, wijRepresent position for (i,
J) smoothing factor of trace gather to be measured, R represents the smooth radius, i=k-R, k-R+1 ..., k+R, j=l-R, l-R+1 ...,
l+R。
In one embodiment of the application, the smooth radius can be according to trace gather to be measured in the work area to be measured
What number was determined.
In one embodiment of the application, the signal to noise ratio acquisition module specifically can be used for obtaining according to below equation
The signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured：
Wherein,
Wherein, snr represents the signal to noise ratio of the trace gather to be measured, R (xc,xd) represent c-th of seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured
With the cross correlation value of d-th of seismic channel, c=1,2 ..., N, d=1,2 ..., N, N is represented during c-th of seismic trace analysis in window
Total number of samples.
In one embodiment of the application, the signal to noise ratio acquisition module specifically can be used for determining in such a way
The cross correlation value of c-th of seismic channel and d-th of seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured：The trace gather to be measured is determined according to below equation
In each sample point number of c-th of seismic channel and d-th seismic channel when corresponding to seismic trace analysis in window cross correlation value, obtain
The multiple cross correlation results corresponding with each described sample point number：
Wherein, t=0,1 ..., L, L represent total number of samples in window during c-th of seismic trace analysis, and τ represents seismic channel
Sample point number in analysis window, τ=0,1 ..., L；
Maximum in the multiple cross correlation results is chosen as the mutual of c-th of seismic channel and d-th seismic channel
Correlation.
The embodiment of the seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus provided using the various embodiments described above, can implement institute automatically
Seismic data amplitude method of adjustment is stated, row amplitude adjustment is entered to the trace gather to be measured, it may not be necessary to implement the specific ginseng of personnel
With, amplitude adjustment result can be directly exported, it is simple and quick, effectively increase Consumer's Experience.
In the seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus, the energy adjusting factor calculating, smoothing processing, signal to noise ratio are obtained
The extension of embodiment is referred to the associated description of preceding method.
As can be seen from the above description, the embodiment of the present invention realizes following technique effect：Due to NMO stretching
Removal procedure can be effectively cut off because offset distance changes in trace gather to be measured, and loses the noise signal of fluctuation characteristic, therefore, can
First to carry out NMO stretching removal procedure to trace gather to be measured, and determine the mute time point of each seismic channel in trace gather to be measured,
The earthquake of each period in multiple periods determined by mute time point is fallen into by counting the trace gather to be measured after excision
Road number, so that the problem of considering signal energy skewness caused due to the offset distance change of trace gather to be measured.Further,
Enter row amplitude adjustment using the energy adjusting factor of trace gather to be measured determined by above-mentioned multiple seismic channel numbers and signal to noise ratio, can be with
Obtain more conforming to the Exploration signals of geologic rule in the splice region and marginal zone of block in flakes, using the Exploration signals in flakes
When block is imaged, the higher geology imaging results of quality can be obtained, are not lost in guarantee seismic data information so as to realize
In the case of mistake, energy is consistent between each block.
Although mentioning the description such as signal to noise ratio acquisition, the calculating of the energy adjusting factor, smoothing processing in teachings herein,
The application is not limited to be the situation described by the embodiment of the present application.Some professional standards use self-defined mode
Or embodiment amended slightly can also realize that above-described embodiment is identical, be equal or phase on the practice processes of embodiment description
The implementation result closely or after deformation being anticipated that.Using the implementation of the acquisitions such as data calculating, the processing after these modifications or deformation
Within the scope of example, the optional embodiment that still may belong to the application.
Although this application provides the method operating procedure as described in embodiment or flow chart, based on conventional or noninvasive
The means for the property made can include more or less operating procedures.The step of being enumerated in embodiment order is only numerous steps
A kind of mode in execution sequence, unique execution sequence is not represented., can be with when device in practice or end product execution
Performed according to embodiment or method shown in the drawings order or parallel execution (such as parallel processor or multiple threads
Environment, even distributed data processing environment).Term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to
Nonexcludability is included, so that process, method, product or equipment including a series of key elements not only will including those
Element, but also other key elements including being not expressly set out, or also include being this process, method, product or equipment
Intrinsic key element.In the absence of more restrictions, be not precluded from the process including the key element, method, product or
Also there are other identical or equivalent elements in person's equipment.
Unit, device or module that above-described embodiment is illustrated etc., can specifically be realized by computer chip or entity, or
Realized by the product with certain function.For convenience of description, describe to be divided into various modules point during apparatus above with function
Do not describe.Certainly, when implementing the application can the function of each module in same or multiple softwares and/or hardware it is real
It is existing, the module for realizing same function can also be realized by the combination of multiple submodule or subelement etc..Dress described above
It is only schematical to put embodiment, for example, the division of the unit, only a kind of division of logic function, when actually realizing
There can be other dividing mode, such as multiple units or component can combine or be desirably integrated into another system, or one
A little features can be ignored, or not perform.It is another, shown or discussed coupling or direct-coupling or communication link each other
Connect can be can be electrical, machinery or other shapes by some interfaces, the INDIRECT COUPLING or communication connection of device or unit
Formula.
It is also known in the art that in addition to realizing controller in pure computer readable program code mode, it is complete
Controller can be caused with gate, switch, application specific integrated circuit, programmable by the way that method and step is carried out into programming in logic entirely
Logic controller realizes identical function with the form of embedded microcontroller etc..Therefore this controller is considered one kind
Hardware component, and the device for realizing various functions included to its inside can also be considered as the structure in hardware component.Or
Person even, not only can be able to will be the software module of implementation method but also can be hardware for realizing that the device of various functions is considered as
Structure in part.
The application can be described in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as program
Module.Usually, program module includes performing particular task or realizes routine, program, object, the group of particular abstract data type
Part, data structure, class etc..The application can also be put into practice in a distributed computing environment, in these DCEs,
Task is performed by the remote processing devices connected by communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can
With positioned at including in the local and remote computer-readable storage medium including storage device.
As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the application can
Realized by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform.Understood based on such, the technical scheme essence of the application
On the part that is contributed in other words to prior art can be embodied in the form of software product, the computer software product
It can be stored in storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD, including some instructions are to cause a computer equipment
(can be personal computer, mobile terminal, server, or network equipment etc.) performs each embodiment of the application or implementation
Method described in some parts of example.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of progressive, same or analogous portion between each embodiment
Divide mutually referring to what each embodiment was stressed is the difference with other embodiment.The application can be used for crowd
In more general or special purpose computing system environments or configuration.For example：Personal computer, server computer, handheld device or
Portable set, laptop device, multicomputer system, the system based on microprocessor, set top box, programmable electronics are set
Standby, network PC, minicom, DCE of mainframe computer including any of the above system or equipment etc..
Although depicting the application by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the application have it is many deformation and
Change is without departing from spirit herein, it is desirable to which appended claim includes these deformations and changed without departing from the application's
Spirit.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of seismic data amplitude method of adjustment, it is characterised in that including：
Obtain the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured；
NMO stretching removal procedure is carried out to the trace gather to be measured, and determines the excision of each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured
Time point；
According to the mute time point of each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured, multiple periods are determined；
Trace gather to be measured after statistics excision falls into the seismic channel number of each period in the multiple period；
According to the signal to noise ratio and the seismic channel number of each period, calculating obtain the trace gather to be measured it is described each when
Between section the energy adjusting factor；
Based on the energy adjusting factor, row amplitude adjustment, the seismic signal after being adjusted are entered to the trace gather to be measured.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that according to below equation according to the signal to noise ratio and it is described each when
Between section seismic channel number, calculating obtain the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in each period：
Cof (t)=P*cov (t)-1/K+(1-P)*snr-1/L
Wherein, cof (t) represents the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in time period t, and cov (t) represents the trace gather to be measured
In the seismic channel number of time period t, snr represents the signal to noise ratio, 0≤P≤1, K ＞ 1, L ＞ 0.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that before the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured is obtained, methods described is also
Including：
Obtain the geological data in work area to be measured；
The geological data is pre-processed, the geological data after being handled, wherein, it is described pretreatment include it is following at least
One of：Prestack denoising, earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation, geometrical attenuation absorption compensation and road sorting；
According to the geological data after the processing, multiple trace gathers to be measured are determined.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that in the earthquake according to the signal to noise ratio and each period
Road number, calculating obtains the trace gather to be measured after the energy adjusting factor of each period, and methods described also includes：
The energy adjusting factor to the trace gather to be measured is smoothed, and obtains the energy after the trace gather smoothing processing to be measured
Dynamic gene.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the energy adjusting factor is based on according to below equation, to institute
State trace gather to be measured and enter row amplitude adjustment, the seismic signal after being adjusted：
S'(t)=s (t) pcof (t)
Wherein, s'(t) represent the seismic signal in time period t after adjustment, s (t) represent before the trace gather to be measured adjustment when
Between section t seismic signal, pcof (t) represents the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured after time period t is smoothed.
6. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the energy adjusting factor to the trace gather to be measured is smoothly located
Reason, obtains the energy adjusting factor after the trace gather smoothing processing to be measured, including：
The position of each trace gather to be measured in the work area to be measured is demarcated successively in a predetermined sequence, obtains carrying out position
Each calibrated trace gather to be measured；
The energy adjusting factor after each trace gather smoothing processing to be measured is obtained in such a way：With the position of current trace gather to be measured
Centered on, predetermined smooth radius is radius, obtains smooth region；According to the energy of the trace gather to be measured of each in the smooth region
Dynamic gene, calculates the energy adjusting factor obtained after the current trace gather smoothing processing to be measured.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that obtain the current trace gather to be measured according to below equation calculating and put down
The energy adjusting factor after sliding processing：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>pcof</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<munderover>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<munderover>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>w</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>*</mo>
<msub>
<mi>cof</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<munderover>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<munderover>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>w</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein, whenWhen, wij=0；
WhenWhen,
Wherein, pcofklRepresent position be smoothed for the current trace gather to be measured of (k, l) after the energy adjusting factor,
cofijRepresent position for (i, j) trace gather to be measured be smoothed before the energy adjusting factor, wijIt is (i, j) to represent position
Trace gather to be measured smoothing factor, R represents the smooth radius, R >=1, i=k-R, k-R+1 ..., k+R, j=l-R, l-R+
1,…,l+R。
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the smooth radius is according to road to be measured in the work area to be measured
What the number of collection was determined.
9. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured is obtained according to below equation：
<mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo>/</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
Wherein,
Wherein, snr represents the signal to noise ratio of the trace gather to be measured, R (xc,xd) represent in the trace gather to be measured c-th of seismic channel and the
The cross correlation value of d seismic channel, c=1,2 ..., N, d=1,2 ..., N, N represents total in window during c-th of seismic trace analysis
Number of samples.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that determine c-th of ground in the trace gather to be measured in such a way
Shake the cross correlation value of road and d-th of seismic channel：
When determining that c-th of seismic channel and d-th of seismic channel correspond to seismic trace analysis in the trace gather to be measured according to below equation
The cross correlation value of each sample point number in window, obtains the multiple cross correlation results corresponding with each described sample point number：
<mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&tau;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>L</mi>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>&tau;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, t=0,1 ..., L, L represent total number of samples in window during c-th of seismic trace analysis, and τ represents seismic trace analysis
When window in sample point number, τ=0,1 ..., L；
The maximum in the multiple cross correlation results is chosen as the cross-correlation of c-th of seismic channel and d-th of seismic channel
Value.
11. a kind of seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus, it is characterised in that including：
Signal to noise ratio acquisition module, the signal to noise ratio for obtaining trace gather to be measured；
Trace gather cuts off module, for carrying out NMO stretching removal procedure to the trace gather to be measured, and determines the trace gather to be measured
In each seismic channel mute time point；
Period determining module, for the mute time point according to each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured, when determining multiple
Between section；
Seismic channel number statistical module, each period in the multiple period is fallen into for counting the trace gather to be measured after excision
Seismic channel number；
Dynamic gene computing module, for the seismic channel number according to the signal to noise ratio and each period, calculating obtains institute
State the energy adjusting factor of the trace gather to be measured in each period；
Amplitude adjusting module, for based on the energy adjusting factor, entering row amplitude adjustment to the trace gather to be measured, is adjusted
Seismic signal afterwards.
12. a kind of seismic data amplitude adjustment apparatus, including processor and the storage for storing processor-executable instruction
Device, is realized described in the computing device during instruction：
Obtain the signal to noise ratio of trace gather to be measured；NMO stretching removal procedure is carried out to the trace gather to be measured, and determined described to be measured
The mute time point of the seismic channel of each in trace gather；According to the mute time point of each seismic channel in the trace gather to be measured, determine
Multiple periods；Trace gather to be measured after statistics excision falls into the seismic channel number of each period in the multiple period；According to
The signal to noise ratio and the seismic channel number of each period, calculating obtain energy of the trace gather to be measured in each period
Measure Dynamic gene；Based on the energy adjusting factor, row amplitude adjustment is entered to the trace gather to be measured, the earthquake letter after being adjusted
Number.
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