CN107064542A - Wind-driven generator shafting rotating speed measurement method based on magnetic grid bar pulse signal - Google Patents
Wind-driven generator shafting rotating speed measurement method based on magnetic grid bar pulse signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出一种基于磁栅条脉冲信号的风力发电机轴系转速测量系统和方法。包括磁栅条及对应的脉冲信号读头，用于脉冲计数的数据采集单元，根据脉冲计数值和计数时间计算旋转轴转速的数据处理单元；磁栅条安装在风力发电机旋转轴上，读头通过安装间固定在磁栅条对应的位置。本发明安装操作便利，对安装位置要求不高，同时具备高转速测量精度。
The invention proposes a system and method for measuring the rotational speed of a shaft system of a wind power generator based on a pulse signal of a magnetic grid strip. It includes the magnetic grid strip and the corresponding pulse signal reading head, the data acquisition unit for pulse counting, and the data processing unit for calculating the rotation speed of the rotating shaft according to the pulse count value and counting time; the magnetic grid strip is installed on the wind turbine rotating shaft, and the reading The head is fixed at the position corresponding to the magnetic grid bar through the installation space. The invention is convenient to install and operate, does not have high requirements on the installation position, and has high rotational speed measurement accuracy at the same time.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于风力发电技术领域，具体涉及一种基于磁栅条脉冲信号的风力发电机轴系传动系统转速测量系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to a system and method for measuring the rotational speed of a shafting drive system of a wind power generator based on pulse signals of magnetic grid strips.
背景技术Background technique
常见的风力发电机均采用水平轴的装机样式，通过大功率的升速齿轮箱将风轮转速提高到与后端发电机匹配的发电转速。正是由于齿轮箱的存在，使得风力发电机的机械结构更加复杂，到达一定的年限后，机械故障开始频发。为了在机械部件故障萌发期就将其找出，处理后以降低机组故障后带来的损失，需要在风力发电机的关键部位安装传感器，对机组的运行状态进行监测、评估。通用的监测手段是采集机组运行的振动信号，对其进行时域和频域的分析，进而检测出机组运行时的工作异常部件，对故障进行预警。在对振动信号做频域分析时，准确的机组轴系传动的转速测量是不可或缺的。Common wind turbines adopt a horizontal-axis installation style, and the speed of the wind rotor is increased to the power generation speed matching the rear-end generator through a high-power speed-up gearbox. It is precisely because of the existence of the gearbox that the mechanical structure of the wind turbine is more complicated. After a certain number of years, mechanical failures begin to occur frequently. In order to find out the failure of mechanical components in the incipient stage, and reduce the loss caused by the failure of the unit after treatment, it is necessary to install sensors in key parts of the wind turbine to monitor and evaluate the operating status of the unit. The general monitoring method is to collect the vibration signal of the unit operation, analyze it in the time domain and frequency domain, and then detect the abnormal parts during the operation of the unit, and give an early warning of the fault. When doing frequency domain analysis on vibration signals, accurate speed measurement of unit shaft transmission is indispensable.
目前，工业上常见的针对风力发电机的转速测量的解决方案有两种。第一种是基于光的反射原理测量转速的激光转速表，需要配合反光贴片使用。激光转速表发射激光的同时，接收系统接收到反射光线后，会产生一个脉冲信号，以此来记录一次旋转(当旋转轴上只有一片反光贴片时)。被测量物体上没有贴反射材料的部分，受到激光照射后会发生漫反射，因此反射光线不能回到激光转速表的接收系统内，也就不会被记录。第二种是基于光电编码器的转速测量装置。该装置广泛应用于电机转速的检测，通常安装在电机转子所在的轴上，每圈可以产生上千个按角度均匀分配的脉冲信号，可以同时用来监测旋转轴的转速和相位。两种方法都可以应用在风力发电机的转速测量上，但是都不尽完美。激光转速测量由于反光片和光源点径的限制，无法完成在变速情况下的高精度转速测量；光电编码器在精度上可以满足高精度变速测量的要求，但是其安装过程繁琐，在风力发电机整个传动系统中没有特别合适的安装位置。At present, there are two common industrial solutions for the measurement of the rotational speed of wind turbines. The first is a laser tachometer based on the principle of light reflection to measure the speed, which needs to be used with reflective patches. While the laser tachometer emits laser light, the receiving system will generate a pulse signal after receiving the reflected light to record a rotation (when there is only one reflective patch on the rotating shaft). The part of the measured object without reflective material will undergo diffuse reflection after being irradiated by the laser, so the reflected light cannot return to the receiving system of the laser tachometer, and will not be recorded. The second is a rotational speed measurement device based on a photoelectric encoder. The device is widely used in the detection of motor speed, and is usually installed on the shaft where the motor rotor is located. Each revolution can generate thousands of pulse signals evenly distributed according to the angle, which can be used to monitor the speed and phase of the rotating shaft at the same time. Both methods can be applied to the speed measurement of wind turbines, but neither is perfect. Due to the limitations of the reflective sheet and the spot diameter of the light source, the laser speed measurement cannot complete the high-precision speed measurement under the condition of variable speed; the photoelectric encoder can meet the requirements of high-precision variable speed measurement in terms of accuracy, but its installation process is cumbersome. There is no particularly suitable installation location in the entire transmission system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提出一种安装操作便利，对安装位置要求不高，同时具备高转速测量精度的风力发电机轴系转速测量系统及方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine shafting rotational speed measurement system and method that is convenient for installation and operation, has low requirements on the installation position, and has high rotational speed measurement accuracy.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种基于磁栅条脉冲信号的风力发电机轴系转速测量系统，包括磁栅条及对应的脉冲信号读头，用于脉冲计数的数据采集单元，根据脉冲计数值和计数时间计算旋转轴转速的数据处理单元；磁栅条安装在风力发电机旋转轴上，读头通过安装间固定在磁栅条对应的位置。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a wind power generator shaft speed measurement system based on magnetic grid strip pulse signals, including magnetic grid strips and corresponding pulse signal read heads, and a data acquisition unit for pulse counting. The counting value and counting time are used to calculate the data processing unit of the rotational speed of the rotating shaft; the magnetic grid strip is installed on the rotating shaft of the wind turbine, and the reading head is fixed at the corresponding position of the magnetic grid strip through the installation space.
进一步，读头与数据采集单元之间有信号调理电路，使读头读取的脉冲信号满足数据采集单元的数据录入要求。Furthermore, there is a signal conditioning circuit between the reading head and the data acquisition unit, so that the pulse signal read by the reading head meets the data entry requirements of the data acquisition unit.
进一步，数据处理单元使用以下两种方式之一计算旋转轴转速：Further, the data processing unit calculates the rotational speed of the rotating shaft in one of the following two ways:
方式一：定脉冲个数的转速计算Method 1: Speed calculation with a fixed number of pulses
转速计算的触发条件为脉冲计数累加到达设定值N时，数据处理单元根据下式计算旋转轴转速rpm，The trigger condition for the calculation of the rotational speed is that when the accumulated pulse count reaches the set value N, the data processing unit calculates the rotational speed rpm of the rotating shaft according to the following formula,
式中，N0为磁栅条旋转一圈所触发的脉冲数，t为脉冲计数累加过程的持续时间；In the formula, N0 is the number of pulses triggered by the rotation of the magnetic grid bar, and t is the duration of the pulse count accumulation process;
方式二：定脉冲采集时间的转速计算Method 2: Speed calculation with fixed pulse acquisition time
转速计算的触发条件为脉冲计数累计时间达到设定值T时，数据处理单元根据下式计算旋转轴转速rpm，根据数据采集单元的脉冲计数NT，计算转速，其计算公式如下：The triggering condition for the speed calculation is that when the accumulated pulse counting time reaches the set value T, the data processing unit calculates the rotating shaft speed rpm according to the following formula, and calculates the speed according to the pulse count N T of the data acquisition unit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
式中，NT为时间T内的脉冲总计数值；T为计数时间的累加设定值，N0为磁栅条旋转一圈所触发的脉冲数。In the formula, N T is the total count value of pulses in time T; T is the cumulative set value of counting time, and N 0 is the number of pulses triggered by the magnetic grid bar rotating one circle.
进一步，旋转轴高速旋转时，使用方式一计算转速，旋转轴低速旋转时，使用方式二计算转速。Further, when the rotating shaft rotates at a high speed, the first method is used to calculate the rotational speed, and when the rotating shaft rotates at a low speed, the second method is used to calculate the rotational speed.
本发明还提出一种基于磁栅条脉冲信号的风力发电机轴系转速测量方法，包括磁栅条及对应的脉冲信号读头，用于脉冲计数的数据采集单元，根据脉冲计数值和计数时间计算旋转轴转速的数据处理单元；磁栅条安装在风力发电机旋转轴上，读头通过安装间固定在磁栅条对应的位置。The present invention also proposes a method for measuring the shafting speed of a wind power generator based on the pulse signal of the magnetic grid strip, including the magnetic grid strip and the corresponding pulse signal reading head, and a data acquisition unit for pulse counting, according to the pulse count value and counting time The data processing unit for calculating the rotational speed of the rotating shaft; the magnetic grid strip is installed on the rotating shaft of the wind turbine, and the reading head is fixed at the position corresponding to the magnetic grid strip through the installation space.
进一步，读头与数据采集单元之间有信号调理电路，使读头读取的脉冲信号满足数据采集单元的数据录入要求。Furthermore, there is a signal conditioning circuit between the reading head and the data acquisition unit, so that the pulse signal read by the reading head meets the data entry requirements of the data acquisition unit.
进一步，数据处理单元使用以下两种方式之一计算旋转轴转速：Further, the data processing unit calculates the rotational speed of the rotating shaft in one of the following two ways:
方式一：定脉冲个数的转速计算Method 1: Speed calculation with a fixed number of pulses
转速计算的触发条件为脉冲计数累加到达设定值N时，数据处理单元根据下式计算旋转轴转速rpm，The trigger condition for the calculation of the rotational speed is that when the accumulated pulse count reaches the set value N, the data processing unit calculates the rotational speed rpm of the rotating shaft according to the following formula,
式中，N0为磁栅条旋转一圈所触发的脉冲数，t为脉冲计数累加过程的持续时间；In the formula, N0 is the number of pulses triggered by the rotation of the magnetic grid bar, and t is the duration of the pulse count accumulation process;
方式二：定脉冲采集时间的转速计算Method 2: Speed calculation with fixed pulse acquisition time
转速计算的触发条件为脉冲计数累计时间达到设定值T时，数据处理单元根据下式计算旋转轴转速rpm，根据数据采集单元的脉冲计数NT，计算转速，其计算公式如下：The triggering condition for the speed calculation is that when the accumulated pulse counting time reaches the set value T, the data processing unit calculates the rotating shaft speed rpm according to the following formula, and calculates the speed according to the pulse count N T of the data acquisition unit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
式中，NT为时间T内的脉冲总计数值；T为计数时间的累加设定值，N0为磁栅条旋转一圈所触发的脉冲数。In the formula, N T is the total count value of pulses in time T; T is the cumulative set value of counting time, and N 0 is the number of pulses triggered by the magnetic grid bar rotating one circle.
进一步，旋转轴高速旋转时，使用方式一计算转速，旋转轴低速旋转时，使用方式二计算转速。Further, when the rotating shaft rotates at a high speed, the first method is used to calculate the rotational speed, and when the rotating shaft rotates at a low speed, the second method is used to calculate the rotational speed.
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点在于，发明基于磁栅条脉冲信号对风力发电机轴系传动系统转速进行测量，同时具有安装方便，对安装位置的要求低和转速测量精度高。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the remarkable advantages that the invention measures the rotational speed of the shafting transmission system of the wind power generator based on the pulse signal of the magnetic grid strips, and has the advantages of convenient installation, low requirements on the installation position and high rotational speed measurement accuracy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是基于磁栅条脉冲信号的风力发电机轴系转速测量系统组成框图。Figure 1 is a block diagram of a wind turbine shaft speed measurement system based on magnetic grid strip pulse signals.
图2是基于磁栅条脉冲信号的风力发电机轴系转速测量方法流程图。Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the rotational speed of a shafting system of a wind power generator based on a pulse signal of a magnetic grid strip.
具体实施方式detailed description
容易理解，依据本发明的技术方案，在不变更本发明的实质精神的情况下，本领域的一般技术人员可以想象出本发明基于磁栅条脉冲信号的风力发电机轴系转速测量系统及方法的多种实施方式。因此，以下具体实施方式和附图仅是对本发明的技术方案的示例性说明，而不应当视为本发明的全部或者视为对本发明技术方案的限制或限定。It is easy to understand that, according to the technical solution of the present invention, without changing the essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can imagine the system and method for measuring the shafting speed of the wind power generator based on the pulse signal of the magnetic grid bar in the present invention of various implementations. Therefore, the following specific embodiments and drawings are only exemplary descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be regarded as the entirety of the present invention or as a limitation or limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.
基于磁栅条脉冲信号的风力发电机轴系传动系统转速测量系统可以分为磁栅脉冲信号采集和处理采集数据计算转速两大部分。The speed measurement system of the wind turbine shaft transmission system based on the pulse signal of the magnetic grid strip can be divided into two parts: the acquisition of the magnetic grid pulse signal and the processing of the collected data to calculate the speed.
磁栅条的安装Installation of magnetic grating
磁栅条有三层结构，中间层为磁栅磁条，内部有等间隔均匀分布的磁条，包裹着磁条的是两层不锈钢金属，保护磁条，避免工作时受到损伤。磁栅条可以弯曲，通过AB胶粘在风力发电机外露的旋转轴上，要求磁栅条的接缝处连接工整，没有突起。安装完成后，磁栅条应在旋转轴上形成一个标准的圆环，并与旋转轴同轴。磁栅条每圈的脉冲数N0可由所用磁栅条总长度除以两个磁栅之间的间隔d求出，磁栅条和旋转轴一同旋转时产生读头所需的磁栅触发。The magnetic grid strip has a three-layer structure, the middle layer is a magnetic grid magnetic strip, and there are evenly spaced magnetic strips inside. The magnetic strip is wrapped with two layers of stainless steel to protect the magnetic strip and avoid damage during work. The magnetic grid strips can be bent and glued to the exposed rotating shaft of the wind turbine with AB glue. The joints of the magnetic grid strips are required to be neatly connected without protrusions. After installation, the magnetic grating strips should form a standard circular ring on the axis of rotation and be coaxial with the axis of rotation. The pulse number N 0 of each circle of the magnetic grid strip can be obtained by dividing the total length of the magnetic grid strip by the distance d between the two magnetic grids. When the magnetic grid strip and the rotating shaft rotate together, the magnetic grid trigger required by the read head is generated.
读头的安装Read head installation
读头对磁栅条的有效感应面是一个长方形平面，要求有效感应面与磁栅条的外圈钢条的垂直距离在2mm～3mm之间，有效感应面与磁栅条形成的圆环相切。读头长边所在方向应于旋转轴旋转方向即磁栅条的旋转方向相同。当读头上的工作指示灯为蓝色时，表示其工作正常；如果其为红色，则需按上述要求对读头进行调整。对读头的固定应当是稳定的牢固的，以保证其工作时不受机组振动产生的影响。读头读取磁栅条的旋转信息，感应面每通过一个磁栅格变产生一个脉冲信号传输给数据采集单元。The effective sensing surface of the read head to the magnetic grid bar is a rectangular plane, and the vertical distance between the effective sensing surface and the outer ring steel strip of the magnetic grid bar is required to be between 2mm and 3mm, and the effective sensing surface is in phase with the ring formed by the magnetic grid bar. cut. The direction of the long side of the read head should be the same as the rotation direction of the rotation axis, that is, the rotation direction of the magnetic grating strips. When the working indicator light on the reading head is blue, it means that it is working normally; if it is red, the reading head needs to be adjusted according to the above requirements. The fixing of the reading head should be stable and firm to ensure that it will not be affected by the vibration of the unit when it is working. The reading head reads the rotation information of the magnetic grating bar, and every time the sensing surface passes through a magnetic grid, a pulse signal is generated and transmitted to the data acquisition unit.
数据采集单元的数据录入Data Entry for Data Acquisition Units
要求读头的脉冲输出信号与数据采集单元的脉冲录入信号相匹配，两者之间可能需要增加信号调理电路使得脉冲信号满足数据采集单元的数据录入要求。调理电路需要对脉冲信号的宽度、幅值、占功比进行适当调节，在信号不失真的前提下，使得读头的脉冲信号满足数据采集单元的信号录入要求。数据采集单元对读头传输的脉冲信号进行计数保存。It is required that the pulse output signal of the reading head matches the pulse input signal of the data acquisition unit, and a signal conditioning circuit may need to be added between the two to make the pulse signal meet the data input requirements of the data acquisition unit. The conditioning circuit needs to properly adjust the width, amplitude, and power ratio of the pulse signal, so that the pulse signal of the reading head can meet the signal input requirements of the data acquisition unit under the premise that the signal is not distorted. The data acquisition unit counts and saves the pulse signal transmitted by the reading head.
转速计算speed calculation
数据处理单元读取数据采集单元上的脉冲计数数据，基于该数据通过编程实现转速的计算。转速计算方法如下：The data processing unit reads the pulse count data on the data acquisition unit, and realizes the calculation of the rotational speed through programming based on the data. The speed calculation method is as follows:
(1)定脉冲个数的转速计算：此时转速计算的触发条件为脉冲计数累加到达一个设定值后，从数据处理单元中调出累计过程的持续时间，计算转速。其计算公式如下：(1) Rotational speed calculation with a fixed number of pulses: the triggering condition of the rotational speed calculation at this time is that after the accumulation of the pulse count reaches a set value, the duration of the accumulation process is called out from the data processing unit to calculate the rotational speed. Its calculation formula is as follows:
式中，转速rpm的单位为转/分；N为脉冲计数的数累设定值；t为脉冲计数累加到N的计数时间，单位为秒；N0为磁栅旋转一圈所触发的脉冲数。该方法适用于高速旋转轴的转速测量。In the formula, the unit of rotational speed rpm is rev/min; N is the number accumulation setting value of pulse counting; t is the counting time of pulse counting up to N, the unit is second; N 0 is the pulse triggered by one revolution of the magnetic grid number. This method is suitable for speed measurement of high-speed rotating shafts.
(2)定脉冲采集时间的转速计算：此时转速计算的触发条件为脉冲计数累计时间达到设定值时，根据数据采集单元内计数累加的结果，计算转速，其计算公式如下：(2) Calculation of rotational speed with fixed pulse acquisition time: the trigger condition of rotational speed calculation at this time is that when the accumulated pulse counting time reaches the set value, the rotational speed is calculated according to the result of counting accumulation in the data acquisition unit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
式中，转速rpm的单位为转/分；NT为时间T内脉冲计数的累加值；T为计数时间的累加设定值，单位为秒；N0为磁栅旋转一圈所触发的脉冲数。该方法适用于低速旋转轴的转速测量。In the formula, the unit of rotational speed rpm is rev/min; N T is the cumulative value of pulse counting in time T; T is the cumulative setting value of counting time, the unit is second; N 0 is the pulse triggered by one rotation of the magnetic grid number. This method is suitable for speed measurement of low-speed rotating shafts.
以上两种转速测量方法可以根据实际转速测量需要进行切换，以实现不同的功能。The above two speed measurement methods can be switched according to the actual speed measurement needs to achieve different functions.
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