CN107064301B - A kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser - Google Patents
A kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser Download PDFInfo
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of non-contact non-destructive testing methods based on vibration measurement with laser, belong to building, building, bridge, Quality of Water Conservancy Projects safety detection technology field, comprise steps of determining that determinand, vibration measurement with laser device is fixed on mobile test tool, and makes its test surfaces 0.01-3m apart from determinand；Vibration measurement with laser device is opened, makes laser perpendicular to test surfaces；It is acted on using percussion mechanism on the measuring point that determinand is irradiated with a laser, so that determinand is generated vibration, while making vibration measurement with laser device with speed VHIt at the uniform velocity moves, and moving direction is vertical with measuring point direction of vibration；The vibration velocity V of measuring point is calculated by vibration measurement with laser deviceIt moves；Using software to the vibration velocity V of measuring pointIt movesIt is analyzed, obtains the inner case of determinand.This method uses non-contact testing, can not only be contacted to avoid sensor with measured object surface and the error that generates, additionally it is possible to using the detection of continuous-moving type, to greatly improve measuring accuracy and efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to building, building, bridge, Quality of Water Conservancy Projects safety detection technology fields, and in particular to Yi Zhongji
In the non-contact non-destructive testing method of vibration measurement with laser.
Background technique
Non-destructive testing technology is the emerging engineering science developed rapidly after World War II, definition
Exactly under the premise ofs not destroying the original state of test substance, chemical property etc., using in substance because of defective or institutional framework
On difference exist and the phenomenon that the physical quantity of its certain physical property can be made to change, not make checked property service performance
Premised on being damaged with form, these variations are tested, show and assessed by certain detection means, to understand and comment
Inspection method used by property, state or internal structure of the measured objects such as valence material, product, element of installation etc..
In all kinds of civil engineerings, the application of non-destructive testing technology is very extensive, the either roadbed of highway, railway
It fills, paving or the construction and maintenance of bridge, tunnel and other important feature objects, everywhere it can be seen that lossless inspection
The figure of survey technology.Table 1 below lists non-destructive testing technologies common at present.
The field of the various lossless detection methods of table 1 and feature
Wherein, one of lossless detection method is important using impact elasticity wave, ultrasonic wave.However, existing impact bullet
Property the contact type measurement that is all made of of wave, ultrasound examination, need that acceleration transducer (such as Fig. 1) is installed on testee, benefit
The measurement of correlation of vibration signal is realized with the charge signal output of acceleration transducer.If measuring vibration of the quality compared with wisp
Dynamic, the quality of additional acceleration transducer often will affect the vibration of testee, to generate measurement error.Meanwhile by
In sensing system itself resonance characteristics and contact condition it is bad, be likely to cause to test the error of signal.It is another
Aspect needs to implement in a stationary situation, therefore can not apply in follow-on test due to the fixation of sensor, and then serious
Ground influences testing efficiency.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention discloses a kind of contactless non-destructive testing side based on vibration measurement with laser
Method, this method use non-contact testing, can not only be contacted to avoid sensor with measured object surface and the error that generates, moreover it is possible to
The detection for enough using continuous-moving type, to greatly improve measuring accuracy and efficiency.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser, as shown in Figure 6, comprising the following steps:
(1) it determines determinand, selects one section of measurement circuit on the test object；
(2) vibration measurement with laser device is fixed on mobile test tool, and makes vibration measurement with laser device apart from the survey of determinand
Examination face 0.01-3m；
(3) vibration measurement with laser device is opened, makes laser perpendicular to test surfaces；
(4) it is acted on using percussion mechanism on the measuring point that determinand is irradiated with a laser, so that determinand is generated vibration, make simultaneously
Vibration measurement with laser device is with speed VHIt at the uniform velocity moves, moving direction is vertical with measuring point direction of vibration, and mobile with vibration measurement with laser device
Illuminated laser spot is moved along measurement circuit in the process；
(5) the vibration velocity V of measuring point is calculated by vibration measurement with laser deviceIt moves；
(6) using software to the vibration velocity V of measuring pointIt movesAnalyzed, obtain the thickness of determinand, defect, material and to
Survey the evaluation of object total quality.
Wherein, in step (5), VIt movesIt is that the foundation correction of the vibration velocity V when measuring point is static obtains, angle correction isLaser doppler vibration measurement speed formula is substituted into againIt obtains:
In step (5), vibration measurement with laser device calculates the vibration velocity V of measuring pointIt movesThe specific method is as follows:
1) construct a test model: as illustrated in fig. 2, it is assumed that point S is light source, the frequency of light is f, and light velocity c, point O are
Lightwave receiver, point P are the single measuring point that speed is V, S and O in the two sides of P, and laser is issued through light source S to movement measuring point P, warp
It is received after movement measuring point reflection by Lightwave receiver O, θ1And θ2The respectively angle of SP, OP and speed V, when light source and light wave connect
When receipts device keeps opposing stationary, it is assumed that n is the light wave periodicity in the optical path from light source to Lightwave receiver, infinitesimal
In time interval δ t, it is assumed that the distance that P is moved to P ' is V δ t.The increase number δ n of periodicity is in the light path,
Wherein, PN and PN ' is the vertical line made to SP and PO respectively, PP ' be it is infinitely small, λ and λ ' are the wavelength of scattering front and back.
Above formula can indicate again are as follows:
It considers:Under normal circumstances, it does not need
λ and λ ' is distinguished, the Doppler frequency shift of first approximation is thus obtained:
2) frequency of light wave that Lightwave receiver receives is f+ Δ fD, as shown in figure 3, for light wave along backscattering when,
When i.e. light source and Lightwave receiver part are integrated, S=O, θ1=θ2=θ, so that
For the vibration velocity of single measuring point, have:
3) as shown in figure 4, on the basis of testing out single measuring point vibration velocity V using laser doppler vibration measurement principle, benefit
Continuous-moving type detection is carried out to determinand with vibration measurement with laser device, specifically, when vibration measurement with laser device moving direction perpendicular to
The direction of vibration of the measuring point of determinand, and its movement speed is VHWhen, test angle are as follows:
θ, which is substituted into formula -6, to be obtained
VIt movesThe vibration velocity for the determinand measuring point as tested in vibration measurement with laser device moving process.Pass through parsing again
The speed V that software obtains testIt movesIt is analyzed, determinand inner case such as thickness, defect, material and determinand can be obtained
The evaluation data of total quality.
For VIt movesAnalysis method have very much, wherein Impact echo is very effective one of method.
As shown in figure 5, exciting impact elasticity wave in determinand body structure surface using percussion mechanism, replaced using vibration measurement with laser
Touch sensor carry out pick-up, when vibration measurement with laser device receive position and Position of Vibrating it is closer when, receive wave it is main at
It is divided into P wave, when the P wave of excitation is in inside configuration communication process, encounters different interfaces or place that material changes, P
Wave can then emit phenomena such as reflection, transmission, diffraction, then receive reflected P wave by laser vibration measurer, when carrying out to it
The analysis of domain or frequency domain may know that the defect size and depth of test inside configuration.
In step (4), percussion mechanism is air cannon or jump bit.
In the present invention, measurement circuit is the surfacing of determinand the preceding paragraph and the route that laser can be irradiated to, the shifting of use
Dynamic testing tool can be the vehicles such as automobile, loading machine or homemade trolley.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and benefits:
A kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser of the present invention, measuring point position of this method to determinand
Using percussion mechanism exciting and induced vibration, believed by the vibration that non-contact laser vibration detecting device picks up measuring point part interior
Number, the case where being computed and analyze the thickness for obtaining determinand or defect or material, it can effectively avoid sensor and measured object
The error of surface contact and generation, and using the detection of continuous-moving type, for the detection of existing single-point, test effect
Rate greatly improves, therefore the present invention can greatly improve measuring accuracy and efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is contact non-destructive testing schematic diagram in background technique；
Fig. 2 is present invention scattering Doppler frequency shift schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is laser doppler schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is vibration measurement with laser follow-on test schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is Impact echo schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is engineering actual test schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is 1 anchor pole test schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is 1 Laser Measuring anchor pole waveform diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is 1 Laser Measuring anchor pole result figure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is 2 laser follow-on test of the embodiment of the present invention, two liner thickness degree schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is 2 laser follow-on test of the embodiment of the present invention, two liner thickness degree result figure.
Label and corresponding parts title in attached drawing:
1- acceleration transducer, 2- percussion mechanism, 3- vibration measurement with laser device, 4- determinand, 5- anchor pole, 6- bis- are served as a contrast, at the beginning of 7-
Branch.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser of the present invention, the non-contact nothing applied to rock-bolt length
The concrete operations of damage test, anchor pole physical length 1.3m, single point laser test are as follows:
1) such as Fig. 7, vibration measurement with laser device is placed in distance and is tested within the scope of anchor pole 0.01-3m；
2) make laser vertical irradiation to anchor pole end face；
3) its direction of vibration is made to be parallel to rock-bolt length direction in anchor pole end face exciting using air cannon or jump bit；
4) it acquired using the reception device of vibration measurement with laser device, save corresponding data；
5) test result in step 4) is imported into analysis software as shown in Figure 8, by analysis software in test waveform
Signal identification is reflected, velocity of wave takes the velocity of wave 5.18Km/s of steel, calculates the rock-bolt length 1.316m being buried in the earth, error 0.016m,
As a result as shown in Figure 9.
Testing precision is high, and test is quick and convenient, high-efficient.
Embodiment 2
A kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser of the present invention, the non-contact company applied to two liner thickness degree
Continuous test, two liner thickness degree are designed as 0.5m, and two lining lower layers are that just branch, the concrete operations of laser follow-on test are as follows:
1) such as Figure 10, vibration measurement with laser device is placed in distance and is tested within the scope of two facings 0.01-3m；
2) make laser vertical irradiation to two facingss；
3) surface exciting is served as a contrast two using air cannon or jump bit, makes its direction of vibration perpendicular to device moving direction；
4) it acquired using the reception device of vibration measurement with laser device, save corresponding data；
5) test result is imported into analysis software, is analyzed, is tested by continuous signal of the analysis software to test
The defective locations arrived are apart from starting point 35-40m, and as shown in figure 11, defective locations test gained thickness is significantly less than design thickness
Thus 0.5m can determine whether thickness low LCL at this, there is possibility of coming to nothing.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it determines determinand, selects one section of measurement circuit on the test object；
(2) vibration measurement with laser device is fixed on mobile test tool, and makes vibration measurement with laser device apart from the test surfaces of determinand
0.01-3m；
(3) vibration measurement with laser device is opened, makes laser perpendicular to test surfaces；
(4) it is acted on using percussion mechanism on the measuring point that determinand is irradiated with a laser, so that determinand is generated vibration, while making laser
Vibration detecting device is with speed VHIt at the uniform velocity moves, moving direction is vertical with measuring point direction of vibration, and with vibration measurement with laser device moving process
Middle illuminated laser spot is moved along measurement circuit；
(5) the vibration velocity V of measuring point is calculated by vibration measurement with laser deviceIt moves, VIt movesIt is the basis of the vibration velocity V when measuring point is static
Amendment obtains, and angle correction isLaser doppler vibration measurement speed formula is substituted into againIt obtains:
(6) using analysis software to the vibration velocity V of measuring pointIt movesAnalyzed, obtain the thickness of determinand, defect, material and to
Survey the evaluation of object total quality.
2. a kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (5), vibration measurement with laser device calculates the vibration velocity V of measuring pointIt movesThe specific method is as follows:
1) construct a test model: postulated point S is light source, and the frequency of light is f, and light velocity c, point O are Lightwave receiver, point P
The single measuring point for being V for speed, S and O are issued through light source S to movement measuring point P in the two sides of P, laser, after movement measuring point reflection
It is received by Lightwave receiver O, θ1And θ2The respectively angle of SP, OP and speed V, when light source and Lightwave receiver keep relatively quiet
When only, it is assumed that n is the light wave periodicity in the optical path from light source to Lightwave receiver, in infinitesimal time interval δ t,
It is assumed that the distance that P is moved to P ' is V δ t, the increase number δ n of periodicity is in the light path,
Wherein, PN and PN ' is the vertical line made to SP and PO respectively, PP ' be it is infinitely small, λ and λ ' are the wavelength of scattering front and back, above formula
It can indicate again are as follows:
It considers:
Under normal circumstances, λ and λ ' is needed not distinguish between, the Doppler frequency shift of first approximation is thus obtained:
2) frequency of light wave that Lightwave receiver receives is f+ Δ fD, when for light wave along backscattering, i.e., light source and light wave receive
When device is integrated, S=O, θ1=θ2=θ, so that
For the vibration velocity of single measuring point, have:
3) on the basis of testing out single measuring point vibration velocity V using laser doppler vibration measurement principle, vibration measurement with laser device is utilized
Continuous-moving type detection is carried out to determinand, specifically, when vibration measurement with laser device moving direction is perpendicular to the measuring point of determinand
Direction of vibration, and its movement speed is VHWhen, test angle are as follows:
θ, which is substituted into formula -6, to be obtained
VIt movesThe as vibration velocity of determinand measuring point tested along measurement circuit moving process of vibration measurement with laser device.
3. a kind of non-contact non-destructive testing method based on vibration measurement with laser according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (4), percussion mechanism is air cannon or jump bit.
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| CN107782786B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2024-05-28 | 重庆交通大学 | Steel structure corrosion detection device and method based on pulse microwave heating vibration measurement |
| CN107764897B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2020-03-20 | 四川升拓检测技术股份有限公司 | Non-contact continuous mobile nondestructive testing method based on air acceleration |
| CN109163869A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2019-01-08 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of Antiseismic building characteristic test system and test method |
| CN110658057A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-07 | 合肥工业大学 | Method and device for measuring section deformation of circular pipe in drop hammer impact test |
| CN112393797B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-12-23 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Reactor vibration speed detection method and device, control equipment and storage medium |
| CN113654647A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-11-16 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Non-contact GIL vibration detection method and device |
| CN114295731B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-02-21 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Method for measuring subsurface defect depth based on laser excitation longitudinal wave |
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