CN107063968B - Concrete gas permeability testing device and method - Google Patents
Concrete gas permeability testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107063968B CN107063968B CN201710302148.4A CN201710302148A CN107063968B CN 107063968 B CN107063968 B CN 107063968B CN 201710302148 A CN201710302148 A CN 201710302148A CN 107063968 B CN107063968 B CN 107063968B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
Abstract
The invention provides a concrete gas permeability testing device and a method, wherein the device comprises a piston container and a sample container for placing a sample, the upper end of the sample container is connected with a top cover, the piston container is connected with the top cover through a conduit and an air inlet valve, the lower end of the sample container is opened, the periphery of the sample is sleeved with a latex film, the lower end of the sample container is connected with an air container, one side of the air container is connected with a vacuum pump through the conduit, a pneumatic valve is arranged between the air container and the vacuum pump, the other side of the air container is connected with a pressure transmitter, and the pressure transmitter is connected with a computer. The device can be used for realizing the gas permeability test of concrete, and solves the technical problem that the existing instrument can not control the gas volume and the tightness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete permeability testing, in particular to a device and a method for testing concrete gas permeability.
Background
Concrete is a complex porous material, a permeable body. Many properties of concrete are related to some extent to the pore volume, pore structure and permeability of the concrete. Permeability is an important index for evaluating durability of hydraulic concrete, and mainly includes water permeability and air permeability. Water permeability as aggressive medium (Cl) - 、SO 4 2- Etc.) is a primary indicator of the permeability of the concrete. The gas permeability mainly comprises CO 2 The carbonization effect of the gas on the concrete structure is also an important index for evaluating the permeability of the concrete.
Numerous studies have shown that for ordinary concrete, a rapid permeability test can be performed with water as the permeation medium, thereby establishing a model of the relationship between water permeability and carbonization performance. For high-performance concrete, the permeability of the high-performance concrete is very small due to the low water-gel ratio and the action of the active admixture, and the high-performance concrete is basically impermeable to water (the impervious grade often reaches more than S40), so that the conventional water permeability test method cannot measure the permeability of the high-performance concrete. At present, the permeability of high-performance concrete is generally measured internationally by adopting a chloride ion conductivity method or a gas permeation method, and compared with the chloride ion conductivity method, the gas permeation method has the advantages of accurately reflecting the micro-pore structure and being not influenced by the chemical composition of concrete Kong Yehua. However, because the gas permeation method has higher control requirements on tightness and gas volume during testing, many existing devices cannot meet the testing requirements, so that the gas permeation test research on concrete is relatively insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of incapability of controlling gas volume and tightness of the existing instrument by providing a device and a method for testing gas permeability of concrete so as to realize gas permeability test of the concrete.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a concrete gas permeability testing arrangement, includes the piston container and places the sample container of sample, and the top cap is connected to the sample container upper end, and the piston container passes through pipe and air inlet valve and is connected with the top cap, and sample container lower extreme opening, sample periphery cover have the latex membrane, the sample container lower extreme is connected with the gas container, and gas container one side passes through the pipe and is connected with the vacuum pump, sets up pneumatic valve between gas container and the vacuum pump, and pressure transmitter is connected to the gas container opposite side, pressure transmitter is connected with the computer.
In a preferred scheme, the latex film is arranged above and below the edge of the sample, the upper exceeding part of the latex film is arranged between the top cover and the sample container, and the lower exceeding part of the latex film is arranged between the sample container and the gas container.
In a preferred embodiment, the sample height is lower than the sample container.
Further, the distance between the upper end of the sample and the lower end of the top cover is 5mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the sample container, the sample and the gas container are cylindrical.
In a preferred embodiment, the sample container and the gas container are made of transparent PVC material.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a testing method of the concrete gas permeability testing device, which comprises the following steps:
1) Preparation of
a. Injecting gas, firstly taking down an air inlet valve connected to a top cover of a sample container and a piston container, opening the air inlet valve, pushing a piston rod to discharge gas in the piston container, then connecting a pressure tank with an air duct of the piston container, injecting test gas into the piston container, closing the air inlet valve, and finally connecting a conduit to the top cover of the sample container;
b. measuring the volume V of the gas container, measuring the height of the gas container and the diameter of the bottom plate, and calculating to obtain the volume of the container, or obtaining the volume of the gas container by measuring the weight difference of the gas container before and after filling the gas container with water at a constant temperature;
c. detecting air tightness, connecting a concrete air permeability testing device according to requirements, closing an air inlet valve, vacuumizing an air container by a vacuum pump, closing the air valve, if the pressure in the concrete air permeability testing device does not rise in one hour, performing a next test, otherwise, detecting the connecting positions of all the components by using soapy water to find out an air leakage point, and reconnecting;
2) Testing the gas permeability of the concrete;
3) Ending the test, and stopping the test when the air pressure of the air container is increased to 1/2 of the initial air pressure.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 2), when filling the sample, a layer of thin film water is first brushed on the surface of the sample, and then the latex film 7 is sleeved on the sample.
Further, in step 2), after the test is started, the air inlet valve is closed, the air container is vacuumized by the vacuum pump, after the pressure stabilizing time in the air container of the pneumatic valve is closed for more than 1 hour, the initial pressure P in the container is recorded by the pressure transmitter 0 Then the air inlet valve is opened, and the pressure value P in the air container is recorded in real time through the computer.
Further, the sample cross-sectional area A, the sample length L, the pressure P at the moment t and the initial pressure P are utilized 0 Gravity acceleration g, ideal gas constant R, absolute temperature T, gas container volume V, gas molar mass M, and gas permeability coefficient of the sample calculated by Darcy's law
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for testing the gas permeability of the concrete have the following advantages and effects:
1. the method adopts a negative pressure air extraction mode to carry out the test, solves the sealing difficulty between the concrete pseudo sample and the latex film in an air injection pressurizing mode, only needs to paint a layer of film water (the viscosity of the water is relatively high compared with the air viscosity) on the surface of the concrete sample, and tightly connects the concrete sample with the latex film by utilizing the suction force of the negative pressure without needing to paint other materials for sealing;
2. the principle of conservation of gas mass in the permeation test process is adopted, and the influence of pressure on gas density is not required to be considered;
3. the closed volume variable pressure gradient test method is similar to the variable water head test method for the concrete water permeability test, has the advantages of shortening the test period and saving the cost, and eliminates the interference of external factors when the air pressure is supplemented in the past by using the constant pressure gradient test;
4. the invention can test different types of gas mixtures and one of the gases, and only needs to change the gas in the piston container into a single gas (such as CO 2 Etc.), the operation mode is simple, convenient and quick;
5. the invention can monitor the air pressure change in the air container in real time through the pressure transmitter and the computer acquisition program so as to realize the real-time conversion of the concrete permeability coefficient and reflect the air permeability process more truly.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the position a of the present invention.
In the figure: piston container 1, intake valve 2, top cover 3, bolt 4, sample container 5, sample 6, emulsion membrane 7, gas container 8, pneumatic valve 9, vacuum pump 10, pressure transmitter 11, computer 12.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-2, a concrete gas permeability testing device, including a piston container 1 and a sample container 5 for placing a sample 6, wherein the top cover 3 is connected to the upper end of the sample container 5, and the piston container 1 is connected with the top cover 3 through a conduit and an air inlet valve 2, and is characterized in that: the lower end of the sample container 5 is opened, the latex film 7 is sleeved on the periphery of the sample 6, the lower end of the sample container 5 is connected with the gas container 8, one side of the gas container 8 is connected with the vacuum pump 10 through a conduit, the pneumatic valve 9 is arranged between the gas container 8 and the vacuum pump 10, the other side of the gas container 8 is connected with the pressure transmitter 11, and the pressure transmitter 11 is connected with the computer 12.
The sample container 5 and the top cover 3, and the sample container 5 and the air container 8 are connected by bolts 4.
The sample container 5 and the gas container 8 are made of transparent PVC materials. The strength can be satisfied and the observation is convenient.
In a preferred scheme, the latex film 7 extends up and down beyond the edge of the sample 6, the upper exceeding part of the latex film 7 is arranged between the top cover 3 and the sample container 5, and the lower exceeding part of the latex film 7 is arranged between the sample container 5 and the air container 8 and is pressed by the screw 4. Not only can the latex film 7 be compressed, but the latex film 7 also seals the connection of the sample container 5 and the top cover 3 and the connection of the sample container 5 and the air container 8.
In a preferred embodiment, the sample 6 is lower in height than the sample container 5.
The distance between the upper end of the sample 6 and the lower end of the top cover 3 is 5mm. So that the gas can be uniformly distributed on the top surface of the concrete sample 6 in the gas permeation test.
In a preferred embodiment, the sample container 5, the sample 6, and the gas container 8 are cylindrical. The processing and the manufacturing are simpler.
The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
1) Preparation of
a. Injecting gas, firstly taking down an air inlet valve 2 and a piston container 1 which are connected with a top cover 3, opening the air inlet valve (2), pushing a piston rod to discharge gas in the piston container 1, then connecting a pressure tank with an air guide pipe of the piston container 1, injecting test gas into the piston container 1, closing the air inlet valve 2, and finally connecting a guide pipe with the top cover 3 of a sample container 5;
b. measuring the volume V of the gas container 8, measuring the height and the diameter of the bottom plate of the gas container 8, and calculating to obtain the volume of the gas container 8, or obtaining the volume of the gas container 8 by measuring the weight difference of the gas container 8 before and after filling water by filling the gas container 8 with water at a constant temperature;
c. detecting air tightness, connecting a concrete gas permeability testing device according to requirements, closing an air inlet valve 2, vacuumizing an air container 8 by using a vacuum pump 10, closing a pneumatic valve 9, if the pressure in the concrete gas permeability testing device does not rise for one hour, performing a next test, otherwise, detecting the connecting positions of all parts by using soapy water to find out an air leakage point, and reconnecting;
2) Testing of gas permeability of concrete
3) Ending the test, and stopping the test when the air pressure of the air container 8 is increased to 1/2 of the initial air pressure.
Preferably, in step 2), when filling the sample, a layer of film water is firstly brushed on the surface of the sample 6, and then the latex film 7 is sleeved on the sample 6. The viscosity of water is relatively high compared with that of air, so that the latex film 7 can be ensured to be closely attached to the surface of the sample 6.
Preferably, in step 2), after the start of the test, the air inlet valve 2 is closed, the air container 8 is vacuumized by the vacuum pump 10, after the air valve 9 is closed, the pressure in the air container 8 is stabilized for more than 1 hour, and the initial pressure P in the container is recorded by the pressure transmitter 11 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inlet valve 2 is then opened and the pressure value P in the gas container is recorded in real time by the computer 12.
Further, the gas permeability coefficient of the sample 6 was calculated.
As the gas volume flow changes with pressure, and the inflow and outflow of gas mass are equal. Therefore, the method adopts the mass change of the gas as a test basis. The pressure of the gas container 8 monitored at any time t in the testing process can be recorded as P, after the time dt, the pressure in the container rises by dP, and the quantity and the mass of the gas substances flowing into the gas container 8 from the sample in the time dt are respectively as follows:
wherein: r is an ideal gas constant 8.314J/mol.k; t represents absolute temperature, t=celsius+273.15, unit: k; v represents the volume of the gas container 8 in units of: m is m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the M represents the molar mass of the gas, in units of: g/mol; dn denotes the amount of increasing substance, unit: mol; indicating added mass, units: g.
according to darcy's law, the mass of gas flowing from the piston container 1 into the sample 6 during dt times is:
wherein: a represents the cross-sectional area of sample 6 in units of: m is m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the L represents sample 6 length, unit: m; p represents the pressure at the time t, and because the monitored pressure is negative, the pressure gradient needs to be added with a negative sign before the sign P, and the unit is: n/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the g represents the acceleration of gravity, unit: n/kg.
According to the principle of continuity, there should be dm e ＝dm 0 Obtaining the product
The formula integrates on both sides, wherein the initial condition air pressure is P 0
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims, including the equivalents of the technical features in the claims. I.e., equivalent replacement modifications within the scope of this invention are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a concrete gas permeability testing arrangement, includes piston container (1) and places sample container (5) of sample (6), top cap (3) are connected to sample container (5) upper end, and piston container (1) are connected its characterized in that with top cap (3) through pipe and air inlet valve (2): sample container (5) lower extreme opening, sample (6) surface brush one deck film water, sample (6) periphery cover has latex membrane (7), sample container (5) lower extreme is connected with gas container (8), and gas container (8) one side is connected with vacuum pump (10) through the pipe, sets up pneumatic valve (9) between gas container (8) and vacuum pump (10), and pressure transmitter (11) are connected to gas container (8) opposite side, pressure transmitter (11) are connected (12) with the computer.
2. The concrete gas permeability test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the latex film (7) is arranged at the upper and lower parts of the sample (6), the upper exceeding part of the latex film (7) is arranged between the top cover (3) and the sample container (5), and the lower exceeding part of the latex film (7) is arranged between the sample container (5) and the gas container (8).
3. The concrete gas permeability test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the sample (6) is lower in height than the sample container (5).
4. A gas permeability test apparatus for concrete according to claim 3, wherein: the distance between the upper end of the sample (6) and the lower end of the top cover (3) is 5mm.
5. The concrete gas permeability test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the sample container (5), the sample (6) and the gas container (8) are cylindrical.
6. The concrete gas permeability test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the sample container (5) and the gas container (8) are made of transparent PVC materials.
7. The method for testing a concrete gas permeability testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) Preparation of
a. Injecting gas, firstly taking down an air inlet valve (2) connected with a top cover (3) and a piston container (1), opening the air inlet valve (2), pushing a piston rod to discharge the gas in the piston container (1), then connecting a pressure tank with a gas guide pipe of the piston container (1), injecting test gas into the piston container (1), closing the air inlet valve (2), and finally connecting a guide pipe with the top cover (3) of a sample container (5);
b. measuring the volume V of the gas container (8), measuring the height and the bottom plate diameter of the gas container (8), and calculating to obtain the volume of the gas container (8), or obtaining the volume of the gas container (8) by measuring the weight difference of the gas container (8) before and after water filling through filling the gas container (8) with water at a constant temperature;
c. detecting air tightness, connecting a concrete gas permeability testing device according to requirements, closing an air inlet valve (2), vacuumizing an air container (8) by using a vacuum pump (10), closing a pneumatic valve (9), if the pressure in the concrete gas permeability testing device does not rise for one hour, performing a next test, otherwise, detecting the connection position of each part by using soapy water to find out an air leakage point, and reconnecting;
2) Testing the gas permeability of the concrete;
3) Ending the test, and stopping the test when the air pressure of the air container (8) is increased to 1/2 of the initial air pressure.
8. The method for testing a concrete air permeability testing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: in the step 2), when the sample is filled, a layer of film water is firstly brushed on the surface of the sample (6), and then a latex film (7) is sleeved on the sample (6).
9. The method for testing a concrete air permeability testing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: in step 2), after the start of the test, the intake valve (2) is closed, using vacuumThe pump (10) vacuumizes the air container (8), closes the pneumatic valve (9), and records the initial pressure P in the container through the pressure transmitter (11) after the pressure in the air container (8) is stabilized for more than 1 hour 0 Then the air inlet valve (2) is opened, and the pressure value P in the air container is recorded in real time through the computer (12).
10. The method for testing a concrete air permeability testing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: calculating the gas permeability coefficient of the sample (6) by using the section area A of the sample (6), the length L of the sample (6), the pressure at the moment T, the initial pressure, the gravity acceleration g, the ideal gas constant R, the absolute temperature T, the volume V of the gas container (8) and the gas molar mass M and using Darcy's law
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| CN108051358B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-16 | 东南大学 | Device for accurately measuring permeability coefficient of soil body and working method thereof |
| CN108181225B (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2020-05-15 | 甘肃省建材科研设计院 | Seepage-proofing performance and air permeability testing device and testing method |
| CN109883892B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-11-30 | 福州大学 | Device and method for measuring gas diffusion coefficient in unsaturated soil |
| CN111458274B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2022-03-11 | 福州大学 | Soil column device and method for measuring gas permeability and diffusion coefficient of unsaturated soil body |
| CN112611700B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-11-22 | 常州工学院 | Concrete gas permeability testing device and method |
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