CN107063216B - A method and device for calibrating the verticality of a hole extrusion mandrel based on laser measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes that a kind of hole based on laser measurement squeezes the quasi- method and apparatus of plug perpendicularity correction, and device includes three laser measurement sensors, mounting ring and data processing module；Three laser measurement sensors are uniformly distributed and are mounted in mounting ring, and mounting ring is fixed on press crown bottom surface；Data processing module receives the measurement point range information of laser measurement sensor acquisition and calculates.The present invention ensure that laser measurement sensor is equally spaced from each other and in the same plane by the way that laser measurement sensor to be fixed in mounting ring.It using the measurement function of multiple laser measurement sensors, avoids and visually observes bring error, improve data precision, guarantee going on smoothly for hole extruding, reduce defect ware rate, improve working efficiency.The calibrator is small in size, can use in smaller space, and can be used for the level detection compared with facet.It can be realized by using laser measurement sensor and not contact tested surface and obtain the function of its levelness information, to judge whether plug is vertical with press ram.

Description

A method and device for calibrating the verticality of a hole extrusion mandrel based on laser measurement

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal hole extrusion. Specifically, the present invention relates to a laser calibration method capable of checking the verticality of the mandrel in the extrusion of the lug hole. The invention also relates to a laser calibration device for the verticality of the mandrel in the extrusion of the tab hole.

Background technique

The parts with holes in the aircraft structure are prone to fatigue problems. In order to improve the fatigue performance of the hole structure in the aircraft parts and increase its safe service life, processes such as hole extrusion strengthening, shot peening and surface chemical heat treatment are often used. Among them, the hole extrusion strengthening process is widely used because of its simplicity and effectiveness.

In the hole extrusion strengthening process of the ear piece, first place the ear piece on the fixture under the press, then insert the mandrel into the hole of the ear piece, and slowly adjust the beam on the press to make the indenter and the mandrel contact. The mandrel is then pressed in at a certain speed until the working section of the mandrel is completely passed through and out of the hole. In the hole extrusion process, it is necessary to ensure that the mandrel is coaxial with the extruded hole, so as to ensure that the axis of the mandrel is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the indenter, and an ideal extrusion strengthening effect can be obtained, so the verticality of the mandrel will directly affect the quality of the hole. Fatigue life-enhancing benefits of pore structures. If there is a large deviation in the verticality of the mandrel, the extrusion effect of the hole will be poor, and the defective product rate will be too high. At present, the method of visual observation and manual operation is used to adjust the verticality of the mandrel, which has low efficiency and large error, and cannot ensure sufficient accuracy.

Because the mandrel is usually a standard part, its upper surface is perpendicular to its own axis, and after the parts with holes to be strengthened are installed on the fixture, the axis of the holes of the parts with holes can be guaranteed to be perpendicular to the bottom surface of the press head through the leveling process, so The inspection of the verticality of the mandrel can be equivalent to the inspection of the parallelism between the upper surface of the mandrel and the bottom surface of the press head. If the upper surface of the mandrel and the bottom surface of the press head can be ensured to be parallel, the verticality of the mandrel fulfil requirements.

In the prior art, a laser digital display level tester proposed in the invention patent CN104880174A can realize the inclination measurement and digital display of the measured object. When measuring the levelness of the plane, the base of the device needs to be placed above the inspected plane. However, the mandrel during the hole extrusion process is not fixed and the upper surface of the mandrel is too small to realize the placement of the level. In addition, the space between the mandrel and the press head is limited, which is also inconvenient for operation.

The verticality check system proposed in the invention patent CN105598595A avoids the naked eye observation and contact measurement methods in the prior art, but due to the angle limitation between the measurement directions of different measurement sensors in the system, the check system is only suitable for For the horizontal calibration of a larger plane, the upper surface area of the mandrel is too small to adopt the calibration method of this system.

Therefore, it is necessary to design a miniature laser measuring instrument that does not need to touch the surface to be measured and is suitable for small plane detection, so as to achieve the function of horizontal plane measurement and assist the operator to quickly calibrate and correct the verticality of the mandrel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device for calibrating the verticality of a hole extrusion mandrel based on laser measurement, which can quickly and accurately determine the verticality between the mandrel and the bottom surface of the press head.

The technical scheme of the present invention is:

The method for calibrating the verticality of a hole extrusion mandrel based on laser measurement is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Set the datum plane: take the bottom surface of the beam on the press as the datum plane, and adjust the press head installation mechanism so that the bottom surface of the press head is parallel to the datum plane;

Step 2: Fix the mounting ring equipped with the first laser measurement sensor, the second laser measurement sensor and the third laser measurement sensor on the bottom surface of the upper beam of the press, and the mounting ring is sleeved on the outside of the press head; and according to the installation of the mounting ring Position, determine the coordinates of the three laser measurement sensors on the coordinate axis perpendicular to the reference plane in the measurement coordinate system;

Step 3: Measurement data: the first laser measurement sensor measures the distance of the first measurement point on the end face of the extrusion mandrel, the second laser measurement sensor measures the distance of the second measurement point on the end face of the extrusion mandrel, and the third laser measurement The sensor measures the distance of the third measurement point on the end face of the extrusion mandrel in the hole, and the three measurement points are not on the same straight line on the end face of the extrusion mandrel in the mandrel hole;

Step 4: According to the data measured in step 3, and the declination angle between the laser axes of the three laser measurement sensors and the coordinate axis perpendicular to the reference plane in the measurement coordinate system, the three measurement points are calculated to be perpendicular to the reference plane in the measurement coordinate system. The coordinates on the coordinate axis of , and judge whether the end face of the hole extrusion mandrel is parallel to the reference plane according to the calculated coordinates. If it is parallel, it means that the hole extrusion mandrel is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the press head.

The device for calibrating the verticality of a hole extrusion mandrel based on laser measurement is characterized in that: it includes three laser measurement sensors, a mounting ring and a data processing module; a first laser measurement sensor, a second laser measurement sensor and a third laser measurement sensor The laser measuring sensors are evenly distributed and installed on the mounting ring, and the mounting ring is fixed on the bottom surface of the beam on the press; the data processing module receives and calculates the distance information of the measuring points collected by the laser measuring sensor.

beneficial effect

The invention ensures that the laser measuring sensors are equidistant from each other and located on the same plane by fixing the laser measuring sensors on the mounting ring. Using the measurement function of multiple laser measurement sensors, the error caused by naked eye observation is avoided, the data accuracy is improved, the hole extrusion is ensured smoothly, the defective product rate is reduced, and the work efficiency is improved. The calibrator is small in size, can be used in small spaces, and can be used for level detection of small planes. By using the laser measuring sensor, the function of obtaining the levelness information without touching the measured surface can be realized, so as to judge whether the mandrel is perpendicular to the press head.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth, in part, from the following description, and in part will be apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for calibrating the verticality of a hole extrusion mandrel.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for calibrating the verticality of a hole extrusion mandrel.

In the picture: 1- Press upper beam, 2- Mounting ring, 3- Press head, 4- First laser measuring sensor, 5- Second laser measuring sensor, 6- Third laser measuring sensor, 7- Mandrel, 8 - ear pieces.

Detailed ways

The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " rear, left, right, vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, inside, outside, clockwise, counterclockwise, etc., or The positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

Referring to FIG. 1 , it is a flowchart of a specific implementation manner provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, the calibration of the perpendicularity between the mandrel and the bottom surface of the press head mainly includes four steps, wherein:

Step 1: Set the datum plane: Take the bottom surface of the beam on the press as the datum plane, and adjust the press head installation mechanism to make the bottom surface of the press head parallel to the datum plane; since the mandrel is usually a cylinder, the axis of the mandrel is parallel to the datum plane. The vertical inspection of the bottom surface of the press head can be equivalent to the inspection of the parallelism between the upper surface of the mandrel and the horizontal plane.

Step 2: Installation of the calibration device: Fix the installation ring with the first laser measurement sensor, the second laser measurement sensor and the third laser measurement sensor on the bottom surface of the upper beam of the press, and the installation ring is sleeved on the outside of the press head, and ensure that the The center of the mounting ring is approximately at the center of the bottom surface of the beam. When setting the position of the mounting ring, care should be taken that the laser light emitted by the laser measurement sensor will not be blocked by the indenter in the light path irradiating the upper surface of the mandrel. The number of laser measuring sensors can be increased or decreased according to the specific situation, but it is necessary to measure three or more measuring points on the upper surface of the mandrel. According to the installation position of the installation ring, the coordinates of the three laser measurement sensors on the coordinate axis perpendicular to the reference plane in the measurement coordinate system can be determined.

Step 3: Measurement data: start three laser measurement sensors, the first laser measurement sensor measures the distance of the first measurement point on the end face of the hole extrusion mandrel, and the second laser measurement sensor measures the second measurement on the end face of the hole extrusion mandrel Point distance, the third laser measurement sensor measures the distance of the third measurement point on the end face of the extrusion mandrel. There is no mandatory requirement for the position selection of the three measurement points corresponding to the upper surface of the mandrel, but it should be noted that the three measurement points are located in the core. The end faces of the rod hole extrusion mandrel are not on the same straight line.

Step 4: Data processing: According to the data measured in step 3, and the declination angle between the laser axis of the three laser measurement sensors and the coordinate axis perpendicular to the reference plane in the measurement coordinate system, the three measurement points are calculated to be perpendicular in the measurement coordinate system. According to the coordinates on the coordinate axis of the reference plane, and according to the calculated coordinates, according to the theorem "Three points that are not on a straight line, there is only one plane" to obtain the plane information of the upper surface of the mandrel, and judge the hole extrusion core. Whether the end surface of the rod is parallel to the reference plane, if it is parallel, it means that the hole extrusion mandrel is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the press head.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the present invention also provides a device for calibrating the verticality of a hole extrusion mandrel based on laser measurement, including an installation ring 2 fixed on the bottom surface of the beam 1 on the press, and the installation ring 2 is provided with a first laser measurement sensor 4 at equal distances. , a second laser measurement sensor 5 and a third laser measurement sensor 6 . The calibration device further includes a data processor, which is mainly used to receive the distance information of the measurement points on the upper surface of the mandrel 7 collected by the first laser measurement sensor 4, the second laser measurement sensor 5 and the third laser measurement sensor 6, After processing, the verticality of the mandrel 7 is judged. The mandrel 7 has been erected and inserted into the opening of the ear piece 8 in advance.

The calibration principle of the verticality of the mandrel is as follows: record the bottom surface of the upper beam 1 of the press as the reference plane, and ensure that the bottom surface of the press head 3 is parallel to the bottom surface of the upper beam 1 of the press. Therefore, if the upper surface of the mandrel 7 is parallel to the horizontal plane, the upper surface of the mandrel 7 is also parallel to the bottom surface of the press head 3 . Since the mandrel 7 is usually a cylinder, it can be known that the axis of the mandrel 7 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the press head 3 . This achieves the purpose of calibrating the verticality of the mandrel.

When setting the position of the mounting ring 2 , care should be taken that the laser light emitted by the laser measuring sensor will not be blocked by the press head 3 in the light path irradiating the upper surface of the mandrel 7 . The number of laser measurement sensors can be increased or decreased according to specific conditions, but all need to obtain the spatial position coordinates of at least three measurement points on the upper surface of the mandrel 7 that are not on the same straight line. Theoretically, the plane level measurement accuracy of the device for the measured surface should be less than 1°.

The specific implementation steps of calibration are:

1. Fix the mounting ring 2 to the bottom surface of the upper beam 1 of the press and adjust it to a suitable position;

2. Place the ear piece 8 on the lower clamp of the press, insert the lower end of the mandrel 7 into the opening of the ear piece 8, first observe with the naked eye, and adjust the plane of the mandrel 7 and the ear piece 8 to be roughly perpendicular;

3. Start the three laser measurement sensors on the bottom surface of the upper beam 1 of the press, and measure the distances corresponding to the three measurement points on the upper surface of the mandrel;

4. The data processor calculates and analyzes the distance of the obtained measurement points, obtains the plane information on the upper surface of the mandrel 7, and judges whether the upper surface of the mandrel 7 is parallel to the horizontal plane;

5. If it is parallel, it means that the mandrel 7 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the press head 3; if it is not parallel, the perpendicularity of the mandrel 7 does not meet the requirements, adjust the mandrel 7, and repeat steps 3 to 5 until the result meets the requirements .

6. Slowly adjust the upper beam 1 of the press to make the clamp indenter contact with the mandrel 7, and perform the remaining hole extrusion operation.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art will not depart from the principles and spirit of the present invention Variations, modifications, substitutions, and alterations to the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a hole extrusion mandrel verticality calibration method based on laser measurement, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: Step 1: Set the datum plane: take the bottom surface of the beam on the press as the datum plane, and adjust the press head installation mechanism so that the bottom surface of the press head is parallel to the datum plane; Step 2: Fix the mounting ring equipped with the first laser measurement sensor, the second laser measurement sensor and the third laser measurement sensor on the bottom surface of the upper beam of the press, and the mounting ring is sleeved on the outside of the press head; and according to the installation of the mounting ring Position, determine the coordinates of the three laser measurement sensors on the coordinate axis perpendicular to the reference plane in the measurement coordinate system; Step 3: Measurement data: the first laser measurement sensor measures the distance of the first measurement point on the end face of the extrusion mandrel, the second laser measurement sensor measures the distance of the second measurement point on the end face of the extrusion mandrel, and the third laser measurement The sensor measures the distance of the third measurement point on the end face of the extrusion mandrel in the hole, and the three measurement points are not on the same straight line on the end face of the extrusion mandrel in the mandrel hole; Step 4: According to the data measured in step 3, and the declination angle between the laser axes of the three laser measurement sensors and the coordinate axis perpendicular to the reference plane in the measurement coordinate system, the three measurement points are calculated to be perpendicular to the reference plane in the measurement coordinate system. The coordinates on the coordinate axis of , and judge whether the end face of the hole extrusion mandrel is parallel to the reference plane according to the calculated coordinates. If it is parallel, it means that the hole extrusion mandrel is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the press head.