CN105157653A - Device and method for accurately measuring major and intermediate diameters - Google Patents

Device and method for accurately measuring major and intermediate diameters Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105157653A
CN105157653A CN201510186137.5A CN201510186137A CN105157653A CN 105157653 A CN105157653 A CN 105157653A CN 201510186137 A CN201510186137 A CN 201510186137A CN 105157653 A CN105157653 A CN 105157653A
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gauge
axis
calibrated
probe
precision
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CN105157653B (en
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瑞金纳德·格拉斯丁
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0002Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
    • G01B5/0004Supports
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/08Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/08Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
    • G01B5/12Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/14Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
    • G01B5/16Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures between a succession of regularly spaced objects or regularly spaced apertures
    • G01B5/163Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures between a succession of regularly spaced objects or regularly spaced apertures of screw-threads
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/20Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B5/204Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures of screw-threads

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for accurately measuring major and intermediate diameters. The device comprises a rack, a shell panel, a column conducting precision of a perpendicular shaft, and a controller. A forward linear electronic shifting clamp in the rack, an actuator perpendicular shaft, and a backward linear electronic shifting clamp are connected with the column conducting precision of the perpendicular shaft through the top of the rack. Conducting horizontal shaft precision block on the top of the column conducting precision of the perpendicular shaft is arranged with a horizontal linear electronic shifting clamp, a measuring force adjustment system, a main shaft of an actuator horizontal shaft, a scanning arm and an electronic probe. A double-faced scanning probe is disposed on the end of the scanning arm, a gauge clamp on the shell panel is actively arranged with a replaceable gauge clamp on which is disposed an adjusted gauge. Refined calculation can be performed after measuring the diameters of the setting gauge and the adjusted gauge. The device in the invention has simple and convenient operation, and has great accurate measuring result, so that the measuring error is reduced greatly, and the veracity of the measured data is guaranteed.

Description

The apparatus and method in the large dens in dente footpath of a kind of accurate measurement
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement apparatus, the specifically apparatus and method in the large dens in dente footpath of a kind of accurate measurement.
Background technology
The measurement of the large footpath to cylinder and conical object of existing measurement mechanism, central diameter and tooth side diameter can not be measured accurately, measurement data is caused to depart from True Data to a certain extent, thus there is comparatively big error, have a strong impact on follow-up operation, and existing measuring method uses identical metering system to carry out calibrating and measure different objects, and then utilize the same formula of data to carry out calibration calculations, therefore do not meet actual conditions, thus cause larger error.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the apparatus and method in the large dens in dente footpath of a kind of accurate measurement, to solve the problem proposed in above-mentioned background technology.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The device in the large dens in dente footpath of a kind of accurate measurement, comprise frame, housing face-plate, conduction Z-axis precision post and controller, described housing face-plate is fixedly mounted on side, frame top, described controller is movably arranged on frame top opposite side, longitudinally frontal electronics shiftable clamps is installed in described frame, actuator Z-axis and rear linear electron shiftable clamps, actuator Z-axis is positioned in the middle of frontal electronics shiftable clamps and rear linear electron shiftable clamps, the output terminal of frontal electronics shiftable clamps and rear linear electron shiftable clamps stretches into housing face-plate inside, actuator Z-axis upper end is connected with the driver Z-axis main shaft through frame top, the two ends of described conduction Z-axis precision post are arranged on the output terminal of frontal electronics shiftable clamps and rear linear electron shiftable clamps, driver Z-axis main shaft is arranged in the middle of conduction Z-axis precision post lower end, described conduction Z-axis precision capital end is provided with level of conduction axle precision block, level of conduction axle precision block is provided with horizontal linearity electronics shiftable clamps, ergometry adjustment System, driver transverse axis main shaft, scan arm and electronic probe, described driver transverse axis main shaft is connected with the actuator transverse axis through housing face-plate, described scan arm end is provided with duplex scanning probe, gauge fixture support is installed with on the housing face-plate of controller homonymy, gauge fixture support is movably installed with replaceable gauge fixture, replaceable gauge fixture is placed with and is calibrated gauge, described controller is provided with the pusher corresponding with surface sweeping arm.
A measuring method for the device in the large dens in dente footpath of accurate measurement, comprises the following steps:
(1) be clamped between two parties by the setting gauge with accurate alignment diameter in the support of replaceable gauge fixture, scan-probe carries out the scanning of certain length in the upper side and lower side in the hole of setting gauge, to determine the diameter setting gauge;
(2) will be calibrated gauge is clamped on replaceable gauge fixture, and be calibrated on the hole being centrally located in replaceable gauge fixture of gauge, make the center line in the hole being calibrated gauge parallel relative with the plane of scanning motion that scan-probe is formed, scan-probe carries out the scanning of certain length in the upper side and lower side in the hole being calibrated gauge, to determine the diameter being calibrated gauge;
(3) setting gauge is carried out accurate Calculation with the diameter being calibrated gauge.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: device of the present invention is simple to operation, to the large footpath of cylinder and conical object, central diameter and tooth side diameter, there is very accurate measurement result by measuring method, thus greatly reduce measuring error, ensure the accuracy of measurement data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram with scan-probe in Fig. 3 the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the plane of scanning motion in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is vertical view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the partial schematic diagram at A place in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of gauge fixture in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram supported in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the position view setting ring gauge in the present invention.
Figure 10 and Figure 11 is the instrumentation plan setting feeler gauge in the present invention.
Figure 12 and Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the tapered thread feeler gauge with outside gauge tapering and pitch.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram measuring taper thread's plug guage in the present invention.
Figure 15 ~ 19 are for supporting the instrumentation plan of the screw thread circular cone of cone containing two in the present invention.
Figure 20 and Figure 21 is the calibration schematic diagram supporting the upper cylindrical part of cone in the present invention.
Figure 22 and Figure 23 is the calibration schematic diagram to inner tapered tread in the present invention.
In figure: the frontal electronics shiftable clamps of 01-; 02-actuator Z-axis; Linear electron shiftable clamps after 03-; 04-driver Z-axis main shaft; 05-conducts Z-axis precision post; 06-level of conduction axle precision block; 07-horizontal linearity electronics shiftable clamps; 08-ergometry adjustment System; 09-actuator transverse axis; 10-driver transverse axis main shaft; 11-scan arm; 12-housing face-plate; 13-gauge fixture support; The replaceable gauge fixture of 14-; 15-duplex scanning is popped one's head in; 16-is calibrated gauge; 17-electronic probe; 18-pusher; 19-hinge; The 20-plane of scanning motion; 21-centering edge; 22-sets ring gauge; 23-center line; 24-supports; 25-central plane; 26-installing plate; 27-sets feeler gauge; 28-feels relieved plane; 29-; 30-taper thread's plug guage; 31-face side; 32-feeler gauge plane; 33-supports cone; 35-parallel circle cylindricality; 36-inner circular taper thread.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Refer to Fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the device in the large dens in dente footpath of a kind of accurate measurement, comprise frame, housing face-plate 12, conduction Z-axis precision post 05 and controller, housing face-plate 12 is fixedly mounted on side, frame top, controller is movably arranged on frame top opposite side, longitudinally frontal electronics shiftable clamps 01 is installed in frame, actuator Z-axis 02 and rear linear electron shiftable clamps 03, actuator Z-axis 02 is positioned in the middle of frontal electronics shiftable clamps 01 and rear linear electron shiftable clamps 03, the output terminal of frontal electronics shiftable clamps 01 and rear linear electron shiftable clamps 03 stretches into housing face-plate 12 inside, actuator Z-axis 02 upper end is connected with the driver Z-axis main shaft 04 through frame top, the two ends of conduction Z-axis precision post 05 are arranged on the output terminal of frontal electronics shiftable clamps 01 and rear linear electron shiftable clamps 03, driver Z-axis main shaft 04 is arranged in the middle of conduction Z-axis precision post 05 lower end, conduction Z-axis precision post 05 top is provided with level of conduction axle precision block 06, level of conduction axle precision 06 piece is provided with horizontal linearity electronics shiftable clamps 07, ergometry adjustment System 08, driver transverse axis main shaft 10, scan arm 11 and electronic probe 17, driver transverse axis main shaft 10 is connected with the actuator transverse axis 09 through housing face-plate 12, scan arm 11 end is provided with duplex scanning probe 15, gauge fixture support 13 is installed with on the housing face-plate 12 of controller homonymy, gauge fixture support 13 is movably installed with replaceable gauge fixture 14, replaceable gauge fixture 14 is placed with and is calibrated gauge 16, controller is provided with the pusher 18 corresponding with surface sweeping arm 11.
As shown in Figure 3, scan-probe 15 in one plane moves, and the Y-axis of the X-axis that this plane is formed by level of conduction axle precision 06, conduction Z-axis precision post 05 caraway and X-Y plane are determined around the rotation of hinge 19, and this plane is the plane of scanning motion.
The measuring method of the device in the large dens in dente footpath of above-mentioned accurate measurement, comprises the following steps:
The setting gauge with accurate alignment diameter is clamped in the support of replaceable gauge fixture by 1 between two parties, and scan-probe carries out the scanning of certain length in the upper side and lower side in the hole of setting gauge, to determine the diameter setting gauge;
2 will be calibrated gauge is clamped on replaceable gauge fixture, and be calibrated on the hole being centrally located in replaceable gauge fixture of gauge, make the center line in the hole being calibrated gauge parallel relative with the plane of scanning motion that scan-probe is formed, scan-probe carries out the scanning of certain length in the upper side and lower side in the hole being calibrated gauge, to determine the diameter being calibrated gauge;
Setting gauge is carried out accurate Calculation with the diameter being calibrated gauge by 3.
Embodiment 1: device for accurately measuring is to the measurement of parallel circle cylindrical objects (ring gauge and ring thread gage)
The setting ring gauge 22 with accurate alignment diameter Dir-kal is clamped in the support 24 of replaceable gauge fixture by 1 between two parties, scan-probe 15 carries out the scanning of certain length in the upper side and lower side in the hole of setting ring gauge 22, scan-probe 15 is realized by two centering edge 21 supporting inside diameter on 24, complete the check gauge calibration of setting ring gauge 22, to determine the diameter setting ring gauge 22;
2 will be calibrated gauge is clamped on replaceable gauge fixture, and be calibrated on the hole being centrally located in replaceable gauge fixture of gauge, make the center line in the hole being calibrated gauge parallel relative with the plane of scanning motion that scan-probe is formed, scan-probe carries out the scanning of certain length in the upper side and lower side in the hole being calibrated gauge, to determine the diameter Dir-meet being calibrated gauge;
Setting gauge is carried out accurate Calculation with the diameter being calibrated gauge by 3, and can draw the value that diameter Dir-meet is less than normal than the diameter Dir-kal of setting ring gauge 22 thus, difference is diametrically exactly off-centered result: eccentric correction EXint,
EXint=Dir-kal-Dir-meet; Formula 1
Subsequently in same support, a ring gauge or ring thread gage measured, the diameter Dint of measured object is the same with the diameter Dir-kal size of setting ring gauge 22.
Owing to supporting the structure of 24 and two centering edge 21, the center line of tested gauge is equal with the distance measured in check gauge calibration process with the distance of the plane of scanning motion 20.
Because support is basis is that equal mode constructs in check gauge calibration and the excentricity under actual measurement both of these case, the diameter Dir-meet of measured ring gauge or ring thread gage can with the same less than normal when measuring setting ring gauge, and therefore the diameter of measuring object can by adding that the numerical value Exint of eccentric correction corrects:
Dint=Dint-meet+EXint (formula 2);
Embodiment 2: device for accurately measuring is to the measurement of parallel circle cylindrical objects external object (light face feeler gauge, plug thread gauge and axle)
As Fig. 8, measuring object such as parallel cylinder plug thread gauge and light over glaze can be centered according to outer dia and clamp, to the measuring method that above-mentioned two-dimensional scanner uses, the center line of measuring object 27 and central plane 25 parallel relative with the plane of scanning motion 20 of scan-probe 15 movement, realized by two the centering planes 28 supporting upper support outer dia, the support having two centering planes 28 can be changed, and therefore it can repeat to replace on the scanner.
Two centering planes 28 form a V plane, bisector plane can move with scan-probe and the plane of scanning motion 20 coincide as far as possible is parallel relative, the center line of measuring object is also in bisector plane, two centering planes 28 are vertically firmly arranged on installing plate 26, and installing plate 26 is perpendicular to the plane of scanning motion 20.
As internal measurement, first check gauge calibration will be carried out, before the externally measured object of measurement, a setting feeler gauge with accurate calibration diameter Dpk-kal can be centered on above-mentioned V supporting plane, clamp and measure, the center line of setting feeler gauge 27 is parallel relative with the plane of scanning motion 20 of scan-probe 15 movement, and the outer dia of setting feeler gauge is measured by central point, and result is putative.(Fig. 8)
The plane of scanning motion 20 of scan-probe does not overlap completely with setting feeler gauge center line, but it is relative with this centerline parallel, the measurement diameter Dpk-meet of setting feeler gauge can be less than diameter Dpk-kal, and the outer dia of location feeler gauge is near central point instead of measured by central point.(Fig. 9)
Difference between the actual alignment diameter Dpk-kal of measured diameter Dpk-meet and setting feeler gauge determined by eccentric offset: the distance set between the center line of feeler gauge 27 and the plane of scanning motion 20 of surveying instrument is referred to as: eccentric correction EXext
EXext=Dpk-kal-Dpk-meet (formula 3);
After this, measuring object can be centered in above-mentioned support, clamps and carries out external scan.Therefore, the center line of measuring object is identical with the distance of the setting feeler gauge center line of the pre-test that the distance of the surveying instrument plane of scanning motion is followed and the surveying instrument plane of scanning motion.
If the outer dia of measuring object is little with the diameter Dpk-kal deviation of setting feeler gauge, so the value of eccentric correction EXext is equal substantially.
If the outer dia of measuring object is very large with the diameter Dpk-kal deviation of setting feeler gauge, EXext can be corrected by simple method of geometry, two-dimensional scanner measures the outer dia Dext-meet of measurand, and therefore the actual outer dia of measurand can be corrected by eccentric offset:
Dext=Dext-meet+EXext (formula 4)
Embodiment 3: device for accurately measuring is to the measurement of taper thread's plug guage
When measuring object be taper thread's plug guage or tapered thread ring gauge time, excentricity is no longer constant, is tapering and the pitch that will depend on screw thread, and this will support to measure proof by a taper thread's plug guage and the V meeting Fig. 8 and 9.
If Figure 10 is a schematic diagram with the tapered thread feeler gauge of outside gauge tapering Tmm/mm and pitch p.
In this schematic diagram, only have the helix at profile top drawn and only have profile top to contact with centering plane 28, feeler gauge is placed in the support of above-mentioned band V plane, and the angle between two centering planes 28 is β.
Two-dimensional scanner measures cone gage, face side 31 is reference planes of the axial location of the surface gage 32 determining external diameter, internal diameter and central diameter, the face side 31 of taper thread's plug guage is crushed in support, and the center line of feeler gauge can be parallel with the X-axis of two-dimensional scanner, so there is no clearance; When face side 31 be crushed on support upper time, feeler gauge needs to be displaced in two V planes, profile top helix respectively with the A point in two V planes and B point cantact, its radius is R1 and R2.
Angle ∠ AQB between center and point of contact A and B is α=180 °-β,
The distance of A and B axial direction is: AX=p α/360,
Due to tapering Tmm/mm, the length difference Δ R between R1 and R2 is: Δ R=R1-R2=AXT/2;
The center line of cylinder gauge is positioned on central plane 25, and the center Δ EX of taper thread's plug guage is positioned at the side of central plane 25, distance, delta EX between the central plane 25 of gauge center Q and two V plane is also the position setting feeler gauge central point, draws: Δ EX=AK-BL, that is:
AK=R1·sin(α/2),
BL=R2·sin(α/2),
ΔEX=(R1-R2)·sin(α/2)=AX·T/2·sin(α/2),
ΔEX=p(180°-β)·T·sin((180°-β)/2)/720;
Embodiment 4: device for accurately measuring is to the measurement of tapered tread ring gauge
As shown in Figure 11 ~ 14, the plane of scanning motion 20 in support symmetry is placed two and is supported cones 33, support the tapering of cone with by consistent for the nominal tapering T of measured tapered tread.
Support that cone meets the following conditions for two:
1) tapering with by consistent for the nominal tapering T of measured tapered tread;
2) support that cone is in Mirror Symmetry for two, wherein mirror plane is abreast relative to the plane of scanning motion of scan-probe movement;
3) support that the central axis of cone is in support for two, the center line of cone gage will pass through this by the X-axis of parallel orientation in surveying instrument;
4) the different taperings of screw thread are standardized, and each tapering needs some relevant support cones at every turn;
5) support cone can be truncated;
6) support that cone has the cylindrical part 35 of a concentric parallel, accurately can feel relieved to the check gauge in check gauge calibration.
In addition, the bias of alignment settings feeler gauge 27 must be consistent with the bias of taper thread's plug guage 30, support that the parallel circle cylindrical section 35 of cone 33 realizes by attached two of leaning against in support, the center line of parallel circle cylindrical section 35 is relative to the center line true concentric supporting cone 33.

Claims (2)

1. accurately measure the device in large dens in dente footpath for one kind, comprise frame, housing face-plate, conduction Z-axis precision post and controller, it is characterized in that, described housing face-plate is fixedly mounted on side, frame top, described controller is movably arranged on frame top opposite side, longitudinally frontal electronics shiftable clamps is installed in described frame, actuator Z-axis and rear linear electron shiftable clamps, actuator Z-axis is positioned in the middle of frontal electronics shiftable clamps and rear linear electron shiftable clamps, the output terminal of frontal electronics shiftable clamps and rear linear electron shiftable clamps stretches into housing face-plate inside, actuator Z-axis upper end is connected with the driver Z-axis main shaft through frame top, the two ends of described conduction Z-axis precision post are arranged on the output terminal of frontal electronics shiftable clamps and rear linear electron shiftable clamps, driver Z-axis main shaft is arranged in the middle of conduction Z-axis precision post lower end, described conduction Z-axis precision capital end is provided with level of conduction axle precision block, level of conduction axle precision block is provided with horizontal linearity electronics shiftable clamps, ergometry adjustment System, driver transverse axis main shaft, scan arm and electronic probe, described driver transverse axis main shaft is connected with the actuator transverse axis through housing face-plate, described scan arm end is provided with duplex scanning probe, gauge fixture support is installed with on the housing face-plate of controller homonymy, gauge fixture support is movably installed with replaceable gauge fixture, replaceable gauge fixture is placed with and is calibrated gauge, described controller is provided with the pusher corresponding with surface sweeping arm.
2. the measuring method accurately measuring the device in large dens in dente footpath as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) be clamped between two parties by the setting gauge with accurate alignment diameter in the support of replaceable gauge fixture, scan-probe carries out the scanning of certain length in the upper side and lower side in the hole of setting gauge, to determine the diameter setting gauge;
(2) will be calibrated gauge is clamped on replaceable gauge fixture, and be calibrated on the hole being centrally located in replaceable gauge fixture of gauge, make the center line in the hole being calibrated gauge parallel relative with the plane of scanning motion that scan-probe is formed, scan-probe carries out the scanning of certain length in the upper side and lower side in the hole being calibrated gauge, to determine the diameter being calibrated gauge;
(3) setting gauge is carried out accurate Calculation with the diameter being calibrated gauge.
CN201510186137.5A 2014-12-08 2015-04-20 A kind of accurate device and method for measuring big dens in dente diameter Expired - Fee Related CN105157653B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1041084 2014-12-08
NL1041084A NL1041084B9 (en) 2014-12-08 2014-12-08 A method and apparatus for quickly and accurately centering and clamping both cylindrical and conical objects such as gauges, smooth or threaded, internally and externally, for accurately measuring in particular outer diameters, core diameters and flank diameters using a known 2-dimensional scanning measuring machine.

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CN105157653B CN105157653B (en) 2018-06-22

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CN106705868A (en) * 2016-11-21 2017-05-24 Iac几何工程师有限公司 Reference plane standard and method for measuring tapered object
CN111366121A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-07-03 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Method for recovering precision of old welding fixture

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US2321903A (en) * 1941-07-28 1943-06-15 Niles Bement Pond Co Screw thread lead testing machine
US2974418A (en) * 1958-06-12 1961-03-14 United Greenfield Corp Helix tester
US5097602A (en) * 1990-07-09 1992-03-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus and method for automated inspection of a surface contour on a workpiece
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106705868A (en) * 2016-11-21 2017-05-24 Iac几何工程师有限公司 Reference plane standard and method for measuring tapered object
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CN111366121A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-07-03 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Method for recovering precision of old welding fixture

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NL1041084B9 (en) 2017-06-19
NL1041084B1 (en) 2016-10-11
CN105157653B (en) 2018-06-22

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