CN107062636B - Composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization - Google Patents
Composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN107062636B CN107062636B CN201710274088.XA CN201710274088A CN107062636B CN 107062636 B CN107062636 B CN 107062636B CN 201710274088 A CN201710274088 A CN 201710274088A CN 107062636 B CN107062636 B CN 107062636B
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- reflecting surface
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/82—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors characterised by the material or the construction of the reflector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/83—Other shapes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S2080/01—Selection of particular materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization, which comprises a primary reflecting surface, a secondary reflecting surface and a tertiary reflecting surface, wherein the tertiary reflecting surface comprises two composite paraboloids, the two composite paraboloids are symmetrical about a symmetrical plane, the primary reflecting surface is in a circular arc shape, the primary reflecting surface is symmetrical about the symmetrical plane, the primary reflecting surface is arranged on a support, the secondary reflecting surface is arranged at the focus of the primary reflecting surface, the secondary reflecting surface is arranged on the support, a heat collecting pipe is arranged at the focus of the tertiary reflecting surface, direct sunlight radiation is incident on the primary reflecting surface, is reflected to the secondary reflecting surface, is reflected to the tertiary reflecting surface, and is reflected to the heat collecting pipe after being reflected for multiple times. According to the composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization, the traditional composite parabolic light-gathering surface is cut off, so that the incident angle is greatly improved under the condition that the light-gathering ratio is reduced in a small range, and meanwhile, the light-gathering ratio and the wind resistance of the condenser are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization, and belongs to the field of solar devices.
Background
Solar energy is an inexhaustible, clean and pollution-free renewable energy source which is always a hot point for studying by scholars at home and abroad. Solar energy heat utilization not only has huge consumption market, but also is an effective way for effectively reducing the consumption of traditional fossil energy such as coal, petroleum and the like and reducing environmental pollution caused by the fossil energy. The solar condenser reflects direct radiation energy projected on a reflecting surface to the outer surface of the heat collecting pipe through multiple reflections, so that the solar energy density is improved, the light spot temperature is improved, and the solar condenser is a key part for solar heat utilization. Through the development of the solar condenser for many years, various technically developed and well-developed condensers with different structures are derived, and the high-multiple condenser mainly typically comprises a groove type condenser, a tower type condenser, a disc type condenser, a linear Fresnel type condenser and the like. Among them, the trough condenser is the most developed and widely used condenser. The traditional groove type condenser has the advantages that the condensing ratio cannot be improved due to the limitation of the incident angle, the heat collecting area cannot be enlarged, the manufacturing process is complicated, the investment cost is high, meanwhile, the groove type condenser is placed outdoors, and the wind resistance of the groove type condenser is weak due to the curved surface structure.
In order to simplify the process of the heat collector, increase the wind resistance of the heat collector, and improve the utilization rate of the condenser lens, the paraboloid with a complex manufacturing process is usually formed by sequentially connecting and combining different planes and inclinations of different angles, as described in patent (CN 101546033A). The composite condenser formed by the plane mirrors continuously and sequentially inclined at different angles can simplify the manufacturing process of the heat collector, but the condensing effect of the composite condenser is inferior to that of the traditional parabolic condenser, partial reflected light fails, and the whole wind resistance of the condenser is not improved. Still another method is to use a flat strip mirror, and use N flat mirrors continuously bent or combined at a certain angle to form a trough-type light collecting system, as described in the patent (CN 102636869A). Simple composite condenser formed by arranging strip plane mirrors according to a parabolic track, although certain gaps exist among unit lenses due to the arrangement of the strip plane mirrors. The wind resistance of the solar concentrator is greatly improved, but the incidence angle and the concentration ratio of the solar concentrator are not enlarged or improved compared with those of the traditional parabolic concentrator, and partial light loss is caused. In addition, a secondary condenser designed in the patent (CN103513410A) uses a convex lens as its primary condenser, and combines a secondary general condenser. The light condensation ratio can be greatly improved, but the requirement on the manufacturing process is high, and the industrial popularization is not facilitated. In order to solve the problems and difficulties, the patent provides a new idea of utilizing multi-level solar reflection to gradually improve the solar incident angle and the utilization rate of the condensing area, and innovatively provides a three-level reflecting lens with special position relation and geometric structure.
Disclosure of Invention
the purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization, the traditional composite parabolic light-gathering surface is cut off in a certain specific row, so that the incident angle is greatly improved under the condition of small reduction of the light-gathering ratio, and the light-gathering ratio and the wind resistance of the condenser are improved.
the technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a composite condenser for solar heat utilization, comprising a primary reflecting surface, a secondary reflecting surface and a tertiary reflecting surface, wherein the tertiary reflecting surface comprises two compound paraboloids, the compound paraboloids are truncated compound paraboloids formed by truncating a compound parabolic light-collecting surface and retaining a lower curved surface portion, the two compound paraboloids are symmetrical with respect to a symmetrical surface, the primary reflecting surface is arc-shaped, the primary reflecting surface is symmetrical with respect to the symmetrical surface, the primary reflecting surface is mounted on a support, the secondary reflecting surface is mounted at a focus of the primary reflecting surface, an incident angle of the tertiary reflecting surface determines an inclination angle of the secondary reflecting surface, the secondary reflecting surface is mounted on the support, a heat collecting tube is mounted at the focus of the tertiary reflecting surface, and direct solar radiation is incident on the primary reflecting surface and is reflected onto the secondary reflecting surface, the light is reflected to enter a tertiary reflecting surface and is reflected to the heat collecting pipe after being reflected for multiple times.
Preferably, the primary reflecting surface is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces, and the strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces are arranged according to a track to form an arc shape.
Preferably, a gap is arranged between the strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces.
Preferably, the width of the opening at the bottommost end of the tertiary reflecting surface is smaller than the diameter of the heat collecting pipe.
Preferably, the primary reflecting surface, the secondary reflecting surface and the tertiary reflecting surface are made of coated glass or toughened glass silver mirrors.
In the invention, the composite condenser composed of three stages of lenses with special position relation and geometric structure suitable for solar heat utilization is used for increasing the maximum incident angle in a stage by utilizing the special position relation of the multi-stage lenses on the premise of only reserving a curved surface part with most condensing ratio by cutting the traditional composite parabolic condensing surface in a certain proportion, and simultaneously increasing the condensing area by utilizing the special geometric structure of the three stages of reflecting lenses to improve the utilization rate of the lenses. The composite condenser with special position relation and geometric structure is compared with the traditional parabolic condenser under the condition of the same condensing ratio and opening area, the incident angle is increased, and the utilization rate of the condenser lens is greatly improved.
has the advantages that: the composite condenser applicable to solar heat utilization not only has a larger incident angle than the traditional composite paraboloid type, but also has a larger light-gathering area, and the light-gathering ratio is improved, so that the temperature of light spots is increased, and the optical absorption efficiency of the whole heat collector is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the light reflection of the compound optical concentrator of the present invention.
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a compound parabolic structure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the reflection of light by a strip plane mirror.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization of the present invention includes a primary reflecting surface 1, a secondary reflecting surface 2 and a tertiary reflecting surface 3, where the tertiary reflecting surface 3 includes two compound paraboloids, the two compound paraboloids are symmetrical with respect to a symmetrical plane, the primary reflecting surface 1 is circular arc, the primary reflecting surface 1 is symmetrical with respect to the symmetrical plane, the primary reflecting surface 1 is installed on a support 5, the secondary reflecting surface 2 is installed at a focus of the primary reflecting surface 1, the secondary reflecting surface 2 is installed on the support 5, a heat collecting tube 4 is installed at a focus of the tertiary reflecting surface 3, and direct sunlight radiation is incident on the primary reflecting surface 1, reflected onto the secondary reflecting surface 2, reflected into the tertiary reflecting surface 3, and reflected to the heat collecting tube 4 after multiple reflections.
In the invention, the primary reflecting surface 1 is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces, the strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces are arranged according to a track to form an arc shape, and gaps are arranged among the strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces. The diameter of the opening at the bottommost end of the tertiary reflecting surface 3 is smaller than that of the heat collecting pipe 4. The reflecting surfaces of the primary reflecting surface 1, the secondary reflecting surface 2 and the tertiary reflecting surface 3 are made of coated glass or toughened glass silver mirrors. The heat collecting tube 4 is positioned at the inner side of the opening direction of the tertiary reflecting surface 3, and the primary reflecting surface 1, the secondary reflecting surface 2 and the tertiary reflecting surface 3 track the sun together with the bracket 5 to perform south-north and east-west tracking movement. The secondary reflecting surface 2 is a plane with a certain fixed inclination angle, the support 5 is circular, the inner edge of the primary reflecting surface 1 is connected with the outer edge of the tertiary reflecting surface 3, and the secondary reflecting surface 2 and the primary reflecting surface 1 are fixed on the support 5 and do one-dimensional north-south or east-west tracking motion together with the tertiary reflecting surface 3 along with the sun. The center of the secondary reflecting surface 2 is located at the focus of the primary reflecting surface 1 and has a certain inclination angle, wherein the opening area of the primary reflecting surface 1 is larger than the projection area of the secondary reflecting surface 2, and the inclination angle and the width of the secondary reflecting surface 2 are determined by the incident angle of the primary reflecting surface 1 and the incident angle of the tertiary reflecting surface 3. The inner edge of the primary reflecting surface 1 is connected to the outer edge of the secondary reflecting surface 2 and faces the sky. The direct radiation received by the primary reflecting surface 1 is reflected by the secondary reflecting surface 2 to enter the tertiary reflecting surface 3, is reflected to the heat collecting tube 4 after multiple reflections, and the direct radiation emitted into the incident angle of the tertiary reflecting surface 3 is reflected to the outer surface of the heat collecting tube 4 multiple times. Meanwhile, the heat collecting pipe 4 absorbs the direct radiation energy directly covered on the upper surface of the heat collecting pipe, and reflection is not needed.
The invention can involve the following relevant calculation processes when making: as shown in fig. 2, wherein BCDE is a truncated parabolic light-collecting surface, and a dotted line portion is a truncated portion. This portion of the curved surface retains most of the light collection efficiency while the angle of incidence increases. The curves AB and EF are provided with strip-shaped plane mirrors arranged along a circular arc. The plane strip light is reflected and focused to the plane mirror HI through the plane mirror, then is reflected to the composite parabolic light-gathering surface through the plane mirror, and finally is emitted to the heat collecting tube 4 at the focus.
A compound parabolic surface truncated at a ratio (0:0.8) is shown in fig. 2, with BC and DE being each half of the parabola and theta being its maximum angle of convergence. The parabolic polar equation is:The coordinate equation is as follows:Where f ═ a (1+ sin (θ)), at＝asin(θ)，L＝(a+at)cot(θ)，C＝1/sinθi。
The upper mirror surface of the compound paraboloid is almost parallel to the symmetry axis, and the upper part of the compound paraboloid is cut off, so that the height of the mirror surface can be reduced, the change of the condensing ratio is not obvious, and the condensing ratio after cutting off is as follows:
The structure of the strip plane mirror is shown in fig. 3, and the calculation formula of the arc shape of the array path is as follows:
xi 2+(yi-R)2＝R2 (1)；
In the formula (x)i,yi) The coordinates of the central positions of the unit mirrors are distributed in a circular shape; lambda [ alpha ]ithe central angle (°) corresponding to the mirror surface, i is the mirror element number (i ═ i to n); r is the radius of the arc, mm; w is the width of the circular arc opening, mm; t is the unit mirror width (t is far less than W), mm; alpha is the inclination angle of the secondary reflecting surface 2; beta is the mirror surface inclination angle of the i plane strip-shaped reflectors. The light reflected by the plane mirror GF farthest from the normal of the condenser is required to fall exactly on the edge of the curved condensing surface and the incident angle of the reflected light is θ. The opening width W, the number n and the unit mirror width t of the primary reflecting surface 1 are known, and repeated iteration is performedequations (1) to (4) can specify the specific positions of the unit mirror surfaces. According to the formula, the strip-shaped reflecting mirror on the outermost plane is as follows:Then, the inclination angle of the secondary reflecting surface 2 can be obtained, the width of the secondary reflecting surface 2 is the same as the width of the unit lens, and the projection width is tcos α (as cos α is less than 1, the shielding projection width is far less than W with the increase of n, which can be ignored), according to the formula: beta is 90 deg. -lambdaiThen, the inclination angle of the unit lens can be obtained.
the maximum incident angle of the ith unit plane strip-shaped lens is as follows: thetaτ+α/2+βi/2；
The calculation formula of the collective condensing ratio of the composite condenser is as follows:
The lens utilization ratio is the opening area/light collection area.
When the compound paraboloid is truncated by 50%, the concentration ratio is reduced by 5%, and the incidence angle is increased by 60%. A compound paraboloid with an incident angle of 30 ° and a condensing ratio of 11.5 was used, and when the truncation ratio was 0.5, the incident angle increased to 48 and the condensing ratio decreased to 10, where L was 649.5mm, a was 287.5mm, and a wast＝250mm，d/2＝25mm。
Example (b): the traditional compound paraboloid with the opening width of 2000mm has the heat absorption pipe with the diameter of 50mm, the light condensation ratio of 20, the incident angle of 30 degrees and the height of 2599mm, and the compound paraboloid area of the unit length of 5.76m2The area utilization rate was 35.3%. The maximum incident angle of the novel composite condenser with the same opening width and condensing ratio is 55 degrees, the height is 1.04m, and the composite parabolic area of the unit length is 2.69m2The area utilization rate is as high as 74.3%. Under the condition of the same opening area and condensation ratio, the incidence angle of the novel composite condenser is increased by 83% compared with the traditional parabolic condenser, and the area utilization rate is improved by 39 percentage points.
the above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a compound spotlight ware suitable for solar thermal energy utilization which characterized in that: the solar energy collecting device comprises a primary reflecting surface, a secondary reflecting surface and a tertiary reflecting surface, wherein the tertiary reflecting surface comprises two compound paraboloids, each compound paraboloid is a cut-off compound paraboloid and is formed by cutting off a compound parabolic light-gathering surface and reserving a lower curved surface part, the two compound paraboloids are symmetrical about a symmetrical surface, the primary reflecting surface is arc-shaped and symmetrical about the symmetrical surface, the primary reflecting surface is arranged on a support, the secondary reflecting surface is arranged at the focus of the primary reflecting surface, the secondary reflecting surface is arranged on the support, a heat collecting tube is arranged at the focus of the tertiary reflecting surface, direct sunlight radiation is incident on the primary reflecting surface, reflected to the secondary reflecting surface, reflected to the tertiary reflecting surface, and reflected to the heat collecting tube after being reflected for multiple times;
The primary reflecting surface consists of a plurality of strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces, and the strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces are arranged according to a track to form an arc shape; gaps are formed among the strip-shaped plane mirror surfaces;
The calculation formula of the arc-shaped path of the plurality of strip-shaped plane mirrors is as follows:
xi 2+(yi-R)2＝R2 (1)
In the formula (x)i，yi) Coordinates of the central positions of the strip-shaped plane mirrors which are circularly distributed; lambda [ alpha ]iThe central angle corresponding to the mirror surface, i is the number of the mirror element, wherein i is 1-n; r is the radius of the arc, mm; w is the width of the circular arc opening, mm; t is the unit mirror width, mm;
alpha is the inclination angle of the secondary reflecting surface; beta is the mirror surface inclination angle of the i plane strip-shaped reflectors, the light reflected by the plane mirror farthest from the normal of the condenser is required to just fall on the edge of the curved surface condensing surface, and the incident angle of the reflected light is theta; repeatedly iterating formulas (1) to (4) to determine the specific position of the unit strip-shaped plane mirror according to the opening width W and the number n of the primary reflecting surfaces and the mirror surface width t of the unit strip-shaped plane mirror; according to the formula, the strip-shaped plane mirror at the outermost side is as follows:The inclination angle of the secondary reflecting surface is obtained, the width of the secondary reflecting surface is the same as that of the unit lens, the projection width is tcos alpha, and as cos alpha is less than 1, the shielding projection width is far less than W along with the increase of n, and the shielding projection width is ignored and is according to a formula: beta is 90 deg. -lambdaiCalculating the inclination angle of the unit strip-shaped plane mirror; the maximum incident angle of the ith unit strip-shaped plane mirror is as follows: thetaτ+α/2+βi/2；
the opening width of the bottommost end of the tertiary reflecting surface is smaller than the diameter of the heat collecting pipe.
2. The composite concentrator suitable for solar thermal utilization according to claim 1, wherein: the primary reflecting surface, the secondary reflecting surface and the tertiary reflecting surface are made of coated glass or toughened glass silver mirrors.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710274088.XA CN107062636B (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | Composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710274088.XA CN107062636B (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | Composite condenser suitable for solar heat utilization |
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| CN107062636A CN107062636A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
| CN107062636B true CN107062636B (en) | 2019-12-10 |
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Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11108464A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-23 | Enesaabu Kk | Total collecting device for natural energy |
| CN201637922U (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2010-11-17 | 黄建文 | Paraboloidal mirror concentrating system with optical guide |
| CN201780977U (en) * | 2010-09-19 | 2011-03-30 | 华中科技大学 | Solar battery based on secondary reflective condensation |
| CN102155365B (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-08-29 | 浙江大学 | Hot-sand-heat-accumulating solar disc type Stirling engine generating set and method thereof |
| CN103134204A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-06-05 | 陕西科林能源发展股份有限公司 | Optical system for solar thermal power generation |
| CN102636869A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-15 | 冯益安 | Composite plane groove type condenser with high light condensation times and uniform condensation uniformity |
| CN104849844A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-08-19 | 浙江大学 | Dish type Fresnel reflection concentration method and apparatus thereof |
| CN205227842U (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-05-11 | 天津滨海光热反射技术有限公司 | Slot type solar mirror spotlight ware |
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