CN107059908A - Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile - Google Patents
Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107059908A CN107059908A CN201710366466.7A CN201710366466A CN107059908A CN 107059908 A CN107059908 A CN 107059908A CN 201710366466 A CN201710366466 A CN 201710366466A CN 107059908 A CN107059908 A CN 107059908A
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- Prior art keywords
- steel
- steel pipe
- pipe
- pile
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 with tube wall Thin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/10—Deep foundations
- E02D27/12—Pile foundations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
- E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile, the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile is used to insert lakebed participation manufacture bridge, including steel pile casting, the first steel pipe, steel reinforcement cage and sound detecting pipe；Steel pile casting is set in the outside of the first steel pipe, also, steel pile casting and the same axis of the first steel pipe are set；The diameter of steel pile casting is more than boring aperture pre-drilled in lakebed, and the diameter of the first steel pipe is less than boring aperture, and the first steel pipe is held through steel pile casting and extended in drilling from top to bottom；Steel reinforcement cage is arranged on the inside of the first steel pipe and is resisted against on the inwall of the first steel pipe, and length direction of the sound detecting pipe along the first steel pipe extends and be fixed on the inwall of steel reinforcement cage；Wherein, the gap filling between the inside and steel pile casting of the first steel pipe and drilling and the first steel pipe has concrete.The simple in construction of the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile, construction are easy to assembly quick, and its intensity is high, stability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bridge construction construction applications, in particular it relates to large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile.
Background technology
Concrete filled steel tube be inserted in steel pipe concrete formation a kind of lightweight, it is high-strength, between steel construction and mixed
Combining structure between Xtah Crude Clay structure, strengthens the stability of steel pipe walls by concrete filled, by steel pipe to core concrete
Confinement effect so that core concrete be in three dimension stress state, improve core concrete bearing capacity while, improve
Its plastic property.
At present, concrete filled steel tube is applied in arch rib and bridge superstructure and bridge pier, bridge tower structure, but simultaneously
Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile is used into the construction of bridge pile foundation without suitably design or construction method.
Therefore, urgent need, which will be provided, a kind of is used to inserting that lakebed to participate in manufacture bridge and simple in construction, intensity is high, stability is strong
Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile, the structure letter of the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile
Single, construction is easy to assembly quick, and its intensity is high, stability is strong.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile, the large diameter steel pipe coagulation
Native stake is used to insert lakebed participation manufacture bridge, including steel pile casting, the first steel pipe, steel reinforcement cage and sound detecting pipe；
Steel pile casting is set in the outside of the first steel pipe, also, steel pile casting and the same axis of the first steel pipe are set；
The diameter of steel pile casting is more than boring aperture pre-drilled in lakebed, and the diameter of the first steel pipe is less than boring aperture,
And the first steel pipe is held through steel pile casting and extended in drilling from top to bottom；
Steel reinforcement cage is arranged on the inside of the first steel pipe and is resisted against on the inwall of the first steel pipe, and sound detecting pipe is along the first steel pipe
Length direction extends and is fixed on the inwall of steel reinforcement cage；Wherein,
Gap filling between the inside and steel pile casting of first steel pipe and drilling and the first steel pipe has concrete.
Preferably, the first steel duct is additionally provided with the second steel pipe, and the second steel pipe is set with steel pile casting, the same axis of the first steel pipe
Put and bottom is extended in drilling.
Preferably, radially partly stretch out on the inwall of the first steel pipe and be formed with annular steel ring, annular steel ring
To be multiple and be uniformly distributed along the axis direction of the first steel pipe.
Preferably, annular steel ring is formed in one with the first steel pipe.
Preferably, sound detecting pipe colligation or it is welded on steel reinforcement cage.
Preferably, sound detecting pipe is that socket is formed many steel bellow head and the tail successively, also, adjacent steel corrugated pipe connector
Place is socketed using the steel bellow of larger diameter.
Preferably, a plurality of circumferentially arranged vertical muscle of steel reinforcement cage and the ring-shaped stirrup being looped around on the outside of vertical muscle.
Preferably, the cylinder bottom of steel pile casting can extend to lakebed and the region between the gentle breeze top of lakebed depths.
Preferably, the gap top between steel pile casting and the first steel pipe is also filled with rubble and Dispose by grouting.
Preferably, the bottom of sound detecting pipe is through the first steel pipe and extends to foot of hole.
According to above-mentioned technical proposal, the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile is used to insert lakebed participation manufacture bridge by the present invention
Beam.Wherein, waterborne traffic accident, and inserting piling steel pile casting are set up first；Then, the basement rock internal drilling inside steel pile casting is to required
Height simultaneously removes the debris in drilling；Then the first steel pipe is inserted from the top of steel pile casting and injects the drilling being drilled always
It is interior；The steel reinforcement cage welded in advance and sound detecting pipe are laid in from top to down again on the inside of the first steel pipe being plugged；Most backward first
Pouring underwater concrete in steel pipe is until concrete liquid level reaches required height.The large diameter steel pipe being so made is mixed
Solidifying soil is can solve the problem that long in the construction for being applied to bridge pile foundation the characteristics of stake has large carrying capacity, thrust stiffness is small
The design challenges of continuous rigid frame bridge, substantially increase reliability and security that bridge construction is used.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent embodiment part.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is, for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and to constitute a part for specification, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile provided according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals
1- steel pile castings the first steel pipes of 2-
3- sound detecting pipes 4- drills
The second steel pipes of 5- 6- annular steel rings
7- indulges muscle 8- stirrups
9- lakebed 10- gentle breezes top
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.It should be appreciated that this place is retouched
The embodiment stated is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention.
In the present invention, in the case where not making opposite explanation, " inside and outside, top, bottom " etc. is included in the noun of locality in term
Only represent orientation of the term under normal service condition, or be skilled artisan understands that be commonly called as, and be not construed as pair
The limitation of the term.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile, and the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile is used to insert
Lakebed 9 participates in manufacture bridge, including steel pile casting 1, the first steel pipe 2, steel reinforcement cage and sound detecting pipe 3；
Steel pile casting 1 is set in the outside of the first steel pipe 2, also, the same axis of 1 and first steel pipe of steel pile casting 2 is set；
The diameter of steel pile casting 1 is more than the aperture of drilling 4 pre-drilled in lakebed 9, and the diameter of the first steel pipe 2 is less than drilling 4
Aperture, and the first steel pipe 2 hold from top to bottom through steel pile casting 1 and extend to drilling 4 in；
Steel reinforcement cage is arranged on the inside of the first steel pipe 2 and is resisted against on the inwall of the first steel pipe 2, and sound detecting pipe 3 is along the first steel
The length direction of pipe 2 extends and is fixed on the inwall of steel reinforcement cage；Wherein,
Gap filling between the inside and the steel pipe 2 of steel pile casting 1 and first of first steel pipe 2 and drilling 4 has concrete.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile is used to insert lakebed participation manufacture bridge.Wherein,
Waterborne traffic accident, and inserting piling steel pile casting 1 are set up first；Then, the basement rock internal drilling 4 inside steel pile casting 1 is to required height
And remove the debris in drilling 4；Then the first steel pipe 2 is inserted from the top of steel pile casting 1 and injects the drilling 4 being drilled always
It is interior；The steel reinforcement cage welded in advance and sound detecting pipe 3 are laid in the inner side of the first steel pipe 2 being plugged from top to down again；Most backward
Pouring underwater concrete in one steel pipe 2 is until concrete liquid level reaches required height.The Large-diameter Steel being so made
The characteristics of pipe concrete stake has large carrying capacity, thrust stiffness is small, can solve the problem that in the construction for being applied to bridge pile foundation
The design challenges of long connection continuous rigid frame bridge, substantially increase reliability and security that bridge construction is used.
In the present embodiment, in order to shearing resistance, Compressive Bearing Capacity and the ductility of steel tube concrete pile is significantly increased
And energy dissipation capacity, it is to avoid failure by shear and bending conquassation occur for steel tube concrete pile, the need for meeting bridge resistance sharp pounding,
Preferably, the second steel pipe 5 is additionally provided with inside the first steel pipe 2, the second steel pipe 5 is set with steel pile casting 1, the same axis of the first steel pipe 2
And bottom is extended in drilling 4.So, it can also reduce in the cost of steel tube concrete pile, such as the second steel pipe and use as far as possible
High intensity underwater concrete, and the concrete between the second steel pipe and the first steel pipe can use the coagulation under water of regular tenacity
Soil, so ensureing bridge construction stability and production and construction cost saved while security, it is to avoid a large amount of concrete
Waste.
However, the intensity in order to further strengthen the first steel pipe 2, prevents it to be distorted or even rupture when by gravity
Deng dangerous situation, it is preferable that radially partly stretch out on the inwall of the first steel pipe 2 and be formed with annular steel ring 6, annular
Steel ring 6 is multiple and is uniformly distributed along the axis direction of the first steel pipe 2.Equally, identical can also be designed on the second steel pipe 5
Annular steel ring 6 strengthens the bulk strength of the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile.
During above-mentioned first steel pipe 2 is processed, in order to avoid subsequently installing annular steel ring 6 and first during welding additional
It is difficult to ensure that between the inwall of steel pipe 2 firmly, it is preferable that annular steel ring 6 is formed in one with the first steel pipe 2.
The preferred steel bellow of the material of sound detecting pipe 3, steel bellow is a kind of preferable sounding tube material, with tube wall
Thin, steel save and impervious, pressure-resistant, intensity it is high, it is flexible the features such as.For the post stretching reserving hole channel in prestressed structure, when
When it is used as sound detecting pipe, can directly colligation on framework of steel reinforcement, and because bellows is very light thus easy to operate, only
It need to note keeping the straight of its axis when mounted.
In the installation process of sound detecting pipe 3, multiple steel bellows are segmented with steel reinforcement cage and installed, and the joint between every section can be adopted
With left-hand thread sleeve interface or sleeve pipe welding scheme.Then it is socketed according to bellows using bigger bellows, and in set
The two ends of adapter are wound with adhesive plaster and sealed.But, which kind of joint scheme all must assure that under higher hydrostatic pressure not
Spillage, interface inwall should keep smooth, should not there is the ridges such as welding slag, burr, be moved freely with what obstruction free was popped one's head in, sound detecting pipe
Bottom should also seal, should be blocked after installing by suitable for reading with stopper, in order to avoid falling into foreign matter during placing concrete, cause duct
Block.
In addition, a plurality of circumferentially arranged vertical muscle 7 of the structure in order to optimize steel reinforcement cage, preferably steel reinforcement cage and being looped around vertical muscle
The ring-shaped stirrup 8 in 7 outsides.And stirrup 8 can be horizontal parallel setting or vertical along the vertical spiral of muscle 7 with a determining deviation
Arrangement.
When stake under needing being not the region of a horizontal plane in lakebed 9, such as pile foundation of bridge pier is located at and inclined at one
Oblique lakebed, lake ground is high compared with other piers position, and farthest to temperature movement zero point apart from suitable bridge, therefore considers pile foundation
Stability and bearing capacity, and the cylinder bottom for designing steel pile casting 1 can extend to lakebed 9 and the gentle breeze top positioned at the depths of lakebed 9
Region between 10.
After steel pipe is planted to designed elevation, start the pouring underwater concrete into steel pipe, employ the technology of turning up by coagulation
The height of design theory on the outside of soil pressure to steel pipe.And the design height for the original demand of insufficient height of once turning up, then need rapid
Ground is adopted remedial measures, and now the gap top preferably between the steel pipe 2 of steel pile casting 1 and first is also filled with rubble and mud jacking
Reason.
In addition, in order that the test scope for obtaining sound detecting pipe 3 is wider, the result that test is obtained is more accurate, it is preferable that sounding
The bottom of pipe 3 is through the first steel pipe 2 and extends to 4 bottoms of drilling.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above in association with accompanying drawing, still, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned reality
The detail in mode is applied, in the range of the technology design of the present invention, a variety of letters can be carried out to technical scheme
Monotropic type, these simple variants belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It is further to note that each particular technique feature described in above-mentioned embodiment, in not lance
In the case of shield, can be combined by any suitable means, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
The combination of energy no longer separately illustrates.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should equally be considered as content disclosed in this invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile, the large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile is used to insert lakebed (9) participation manufacture bridge
Beam, it is characterised in that including steel pile casting (1), the first steel pipe (2), steel reinforcement cage and sound detecting pipe (3)；
The steel pile casting (1) is set in the outside of first steel pipe (2), also, the steel pile casting (1) and the first steel pipe (2)
Same axis is set；
The diameter of the steel pile casting (1) is more than drilling (4) aperture pre-drilled in the lakebed (9), first steel pipe (2)
Diameter be less than described drilling (4) aperture, and first steel pipe (2) holds through the steel pile casting (1) and prolongs from top to bottom
Extend in the drilling (4)；
The steel reinforcement cage is arranged on the inside of first steel pipe (2) and is resisted against on the inwall of first steel pipe (2), described
Length direction of the sound detecting pipe (3) along first steel pipe (2) extends and is fixed on the inwall of the steel reinforcement cage；Wherein,
Gap between the inside and the steel pile casting (1) and the first steel pipe (2) of first steel pipe (2) and drilling (4) is filled out
Filled with underwater concrete.
2. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that inside first steel pipe (2) also
Provided with the second steel pipe (5), second steel pipe (5) is set with steel pile casting (1), the same axis of the first steel pipe (2) and bottom extends
Into the drilling (4).
3. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the inwall of first steel pipe (2)
On radially partly stretch out and be formed with annular steel ring (6), the annular steel ring (6) is multiple and along first steel
The axis direction of pipe (2) is uniformly distributed.
4. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the annular steel ring (6) with it is described
First steel pipe (2) is formed in one.
5. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sound detecting pipe (3) colligation or
It is welded on the steel reinforcement cage.
6. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the sound detecting pipe (3) is many steel
Socket is formed matter bellows head and the tail successively, also, the adjacent steel bellow joint uses the steel corrugated of larger diameter
Pipe is socketed.
7. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the steel reinforcement cage is a plurality of circumferentially to be set
The vertical muscle (7) put and the ring-shaped stirrup (8) being looped around on the outside of the vertical muscle (7).
8. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cylinder bottom energy of the steel pile casting (1)
Enough extend to the lakebed (9) and the region between the gentle breeze top (10) of lakebed (9) depths.
9. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the steel pile casting (1) and the first steel
Gap top between pipe (2) is also filled with rubble and Dispose by grouting.
10. large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wear the bottom of the sound detecting pipe (3)
Cross first steel pipe (2) and extend to described drilling (4) bottom.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710366466.7A CN107059908A (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2017-05-23 | Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710366466.7A CN107059908A (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2017-05-23 | Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107059908A true CN107059908A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
Family
ID=59609662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710366466.7A Pending CN107059908A (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2017-05-23 | Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107059908A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112376552A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-19 | 武汉盛士瑞建设工程有限公司 | Energy-saving pile foundation and construction method thereof |
| CN113281407A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-20 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Device and method for improving compactness of cast-in-situ bored pile |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101250880A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2008-08-27 | 中铁大桥局集团第一工程有限公司 | Method for embedding and fixing steel tube concrete pile and steel tube pile anchor |
| CN105464122A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-04-06 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Construction method for major-diameter hollow pile sinking foundation |
| JP2016223207A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社トーヨーアサノ | SC pile |
| CN206706803U (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-12-05 | 安徽工程大学 | Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile |
-
2017
- 2017-05-23 CN CN201710366466.7A patent/CN107059908A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101250880A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2008-08-27 | 中铁大桥局集团第一工程有限公司 | Method for embedding and fixing steel tube concrete pile and steel tube pile anchor |
| JP2016223207A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社トーヨーアサノ | SC pile |
| CN105464122A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-04-06 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Construction method for major-diameter hollow pile sinking foundation |
| CN206706803U (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-12-05 | 安徽工程大学 | Large diameter steel pipe concrete-pile |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王鹤,温向阳: "千岛湖大桥主桥嵌岩钢管混凝土桩施工" * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112376552A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-19 | 武汉盛士瑞建设工程有限公司 | Energy-saving pile foundation and construction method thereof |
| CN113281407A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-20 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Device and method for improving compactness of cast-in-situ bored pile |
| CN113281407B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2024-01-12 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Device and method for improving compactness of bored pile |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170818 |
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