CN107056330A - 一种能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107056330A
CN107056330A CN201710356817.6A CN201710356817A CN107056330A CN 107056330 A CN107056330 A CN 107056330A CN 201710356817 A CN201710356817 A CN 201710356817A CN 107056330 A CN107056330 A CN 107056330A
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费邦忠
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Abstract

一种能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其特征在于,其由如下重量份的原料制备而成:粉煤灰200份、玻璃渣40‑50份、铁矿尾渣50‑60份、海泡石30‑40份、二丙酮醇20‑30份、环丁烷四甲酸二酐20‑30份、甲苯80‑100份、对甲基苯磺酸1‑2份、三羟甲基丙烷8‑10份、电石6‑8份、磷酸20‑30份、松质酸钠6‑8份、硝酸铝15‑20份、硝酸镁8‑10份、硝酸钴15‑20份、正硅酸乙酯10‑12份、无水乙醇50‑60份、氧化镁6‑8份、氧化铝5‑6份、适量的水。本发明制备的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖具有良好的保温、隔热、隔声、抗震、耐久等综合技术性能。

Description

一种能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域,具体涉及一种能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
混凝土加气砖具有特殊的孔结构,含有大量的空气,因而具有良好隔热保温性能,除此之外,还具有质轻、吸声隔音、利废、节能、防火性能良好、可钉、可锯、可刨和具有一定抗震能力等优点,因此被广泛地应用于建筑的外墙围护及内外墙保温中。目前,现有技术制备的混凝土加气砖的抗渗性能和耐腐蚀性能普遍不高,在长期受到水的冲击或强腐蚀性的环境下容易开裂,甚至出现断裂和崩塌的现象,有极大的安全隐患。
作者陈友治等人在《含泥硅质石屑-石灰加气混凝土试验研究》一文中,利用不同含泥量的硅质石屑作为硅质材料与石灰钙质材料进行水热合成反应制备B05、B06级加气混凝土,该方法得到的加气混凝土虽然抗压强度有所提高,但是抗渗性能和耐腐蚀性能仍然不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种能抗辐射的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其特征在于,其由如下重量份的原料制备而成:粉煤灰200份、玻璃渣40-50份、铁矿尾渣50-60份、海泡石30-40份、二丙酮醇20-30份、环丁烷四甲酸二酐20-30份、甲苯80-100份、对甲基苯磺酸1-2份、三羟甲基丙烷8-10份、电石6-8份、磷酸20-30份、松质酸钠6-8份、硝酸铝15-20份、硝酸镁8-10份、硝酸钴15-20份、正硅酸乙酯10-12份、无水乙醇50-60份、氧化镁6-8份、氧化铝5-6份、适量的水。
所述的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其特征在于,其由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将粉煤灰、玻璃渣、铁矿尾渣和海泡石放入球磨机中球磨20-30min,过筛得到80-100目的颗粒,在50-60℃烘箱内烘干待用;
(2)将二丙酮醇、环丁烷四甲酸二酐和甲苯加入到带有搅拌和精馏装置的反应容器中,搅拌均匀后加入对甲基苯磺酸和三羟甲基丙烷,继续搅拌20-30min,升温至180-200℃,继续搅拌反应4-5h,精馏除去副产物水,加入预先研碎过的电石,搅拌至分散均匀,再加入磷酸和松质酸钠,升温至230-250℃,继续搅拌反应6-8h,反应结束后缓慢倒入到相当于甲苯重量份5-6倍的水中,搅拌20-30min,静置20-24h,过滤,滤饼用适量的水洗涤2-3次,50-60℃真空干燥20-24h,待用;
(3)将硝酸铝、硝酸镁、硝酸钴溶于相当于硝酸铝重量份5-6倍的水中,通过搅拌器搅拌使其混合均匀,得到溶液a;将正硅酸乙酯溶于无水乙醇中,得到溶液b;将溶液a缓慢地滴到溶液b中,磁力搅拌3-4h得到透明溶胶,将该透明溶胶放入烘箱中在60-70℃温度下干燥12-15h,得到凝胶;将凝胶放入加热炉,加热至550-600℃保温2-3h,冷却至室温后,研磨筛分,得到抗辐射颗粒;
(4)将步骤(1)的产物加入到搅拌机内,加入相当于粉煤灰重量份1-2倍的50-60℃的水,以2800-3000r/min的搅拌速率混合搅拌5-6min,加入氧化镁和氧化铝继续搅拌3-4min,再加入步骤(2)产物、步骤(3)的产物和相当于电石重量份0.8-1倍的水,通入蒸汽并继续搅拌1-2min,得到浇筑料;
(5)将浇筑料迅速倒入模具内,放入温度为35-40℃、湿度为95-98RH%的恒温恒湿箱内,养护10-12h,切除高出模具的膨胀部分后,切割成一块块的砖胚,再将送入蒸压釜内,通蒸汽,1.2-1.5MPa的蒸养压力条件下,以5-6℃/min的升温速率升温至170-180℃,恒温蒸压养护6-8h,再以5-6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温,得到能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖。
所述的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其特征在于,所述的磷酸的浓度为5-6mol/L。
采用上述技术方案,本发明有如下有益效果:
本发明添加粉煤灰代替水泥,不仅减少了用水量,增强混凝土的可泵性,减少了混凝土的徐变,减少水化热、热能膨胀性,提高混凝土加气砖抗渗能力;而且本发明利用粉煤灰固体工业废料生产加气混凝土,符合国家节约能源、循环利用资源的国策,是固体废料建材化、资源化综合利用的有效途径,产品附加值高,具有良好的环保和经济效益;本发明以电石和松质酸钠代替铝粉作为加气剂,缓解铝材料的紧缺问题,节省成本;但是电石与水反应的速率太快,难以适应工艺要求,为了降低电石的发气速率,在其表面原位聚合一层聚酯,在电石颗粒表面形成一层憎水层,阻断水的接触,使水缓慢地渗透到电石中,使气体缓慢地释放出来,以期适应工艺要求。本发明利用硝酸铝、硝酸镁、硝酸钴制备了抗辐射颗粒,该抗辐射颗粒具有高折射率,反射紫外线,将其加入到混凝土加气砖中,进一步增强了混凝土加气砖的抗辐射的功能;本发明制备的混凝土加气砖具有良好的保温、隔热、隔声、抗震、耐久等综合技术性能。
具体实施方式
本实施例的能抗辐射的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其由如下重量份的原料制备而成:粉煤灰200份、玻璃渣50份、铁矿尾渣60份、海泡石40份、二丙酮醇30份、环丁烷四甲酸二酐30份、甲苯100份、对甲基苯磺酸2份、三羟甲基丙烷10份、电石8份、磷酸20份、松质酸钠8份、硝酸铝20份、硝酸镁10份、硝酸钴20份、正硅酸乙酯12份、无水乙醇60份、氧化镁8份、氧化铝6份、适量的水。
本实施例的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将粉煤灰、玻璃渣、铁矿尾渣和海泡石放入球磨机中球磨30min,过筛得到100目的颗粒,在60℃烘箱内烘干待用;
(2)将二丙酮醇、环丁烷四甲酸二酐和甲苯加入到带有搅拌和精馏装置的反应容器中,搅拌均匀后加入对甲基苯磺酸和三羟甲基丙烷,继续搅拌30min,升温至200℃,继续搅拌反应5h,精馏除去副产物水,加入预先研碎过的电石,搅拌至分散均匀,再加入磷酸和松质酸钠,升温至250℃,继续搅拌反应8h,反应结束后缓慢倒入到相当于甲苯重量份6倍的水中,搅拌30min,静置24h,过滤,滤饼用适量的水洗涤3次,60℃真空干燥24h,待用;
(3)将硝酸铝、硝酸镁、硝酸钴溶于相当于硝酸铝重量份6倍的水中,通过搅拌器搅拌使其混合均匀,得到溶液a;将正硅酸乙酯溶于无水乙醇中,得到溶液b;将溶液a缓慢地滴到溶液b中,磁力搅拌4h得到透明溶胶,将该透明溶胶放入烘箱中在70℃温度下干燥15h,得到凝胶;将凝胶放入加热炉,加热至600℃保温3h,冷却至室温后,研磨筛分,得到抗辐射颗粒;
(4)将步骤(1)的产物加入到搅拌机内,加入相当于粉煤灰重量份2倍的60℃的水,以3000r/min的搅拌速率混合搅拌6min,加入氧化镁和氧化铝继续搅拌4min,再加入步骤(2)产物、步骤(3)的产物和相当于电石重量份1倍的水,通入蒸汽并继续搅拌2min,得到浇筑料;
(5)将浇筑料迅速倒入模具内,放入温度为40℃、湿度为98RH%的恒温恒湿箱内,养护12h,切除高出模具的膨胀部分后,切割成一块块的砖胚,再将送入蒸压釜内,通蒸汽,1.5MPa的蒸养压力条件下,以6℃/min的升温速率升温至180℃,恒温蒸压养护8h,再以6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温,得到能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖。
经测试,本实施例的混凝土加气砖的抗压强度≥25MPa,劈裂抗拉强度≥5MPa,渗水压力≥1.5MPa。

Claims (3)

1.一种能抗辐射的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其特征在于,其由如下重量份的原料制备而成:粉煤灰200份、玻璃渣40-50份、铁矿尾渣50-60份、海泡石30-40份、二丙酮醇20-30份、环丁烷四甲酸二酐20-30份、甲苯80-100份、对甲基苯磺酸1-2份、三羟甲基丙烷8-10份、电石6-8份、磷酸20-30份、松质酸钠6-8份、硝酸铝15-20份、硝酸镁8-10份、硝酸钴15-20份、正硅酸乙酯10-12份、无水乙醇50-60份、氧化镁6-8份、氧化铝5-6份、适量的水。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其特征在于,其由如下步骤制备而成:
(1)将粉煤灰、玻璃渣、铁矿尾渣和海泡石放入球磨机中球磨20-30min,过筛得到80-100目的颗粒,在50-60℃烘箱内烘干待用;
(2)将二丙酮醇、环丁烷四甲酸二酐和甲苯加入到带有搅拌和精馏装置的反应容器中,搅拌均匀后加入对甲基苯磺酸和三羟甲基丙烷,继续搅拌20-30min,升温至180-200℃,继续搅拌反应4-5h,精馏除去副产物水,加入预先研碎过的电石,搅拌至分散均匀,再加入磷酸和松质酸钠,升温至230-250℃,继续搅拌反应6-8h,反应结束后缓慢倒入到相当于甲苯重量份5-6倍的水中,搅拌20-30min,静置20-24h,过滤,滤饼用适量的水洗涤2-3次,50-60℃真空干燥20-24h,待用;
(3)将硝酸铝、硝酸镁、硝酸钴溶于相当于硝酸铝重量份5-6倍的水中,通过搅拌器搅拌使其混合均匀,得到溶液a;将正硅酸乙酯溶于无水乙醇中,得到溶液b;将溶液a缓慢地滴到溶液b中,磁力搅拌3-4h得到透明溶胶,将该透明溶胶放入烘箱中在60-70℃温度下干燥12-15h,得到凝胶;将凝胶放入加热炉,加热至550-600℃保温2-3h,冷却至室温后,研磨筛分,得到抗辐射颗粒;
(4)将步骤(1)的产物加入到搅拌机内,加入相当于粉煤灰重量份1-2倍的50-60℃的水,以2800-3000r/min的搅拌速率混合搅拌5-6min,加入氧化镁和氧化铝继续搅拌3-4min,再加入步骤(2)产物、步骤(3)的产物和相当于电石重量份0.8-1倍的水,通入蒸汽并继续搅拌1-2min,得到浇筑料;
(5)将浇筑料迅速倒入模具内,放入温度为35-40℃、湿度为95-98RH%的恒温恒湿箱内,养护10-12h,切除高出模具的膨胀部分后,切割成一块块的砖胚,再将送入蒸压釜内,通蒸汽,1.2-1.5MPa的蒸养压力条件下,以5-6℃/min的升温速率升温至170-180℃,恒温蒸压养护6-8h,再以5-6℃/min的降温速率冷却至室温,得到能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖。
3.根据权利要求书1、2所述的能抗辐射的混凝土加气砖,其特征在于,所述的磷酸的浓度为5-6mol/L。
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