CN107052550B - Galvanized steel sheet welding method - Google Patents
Galvanized steel sheet welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107052550B CN107052550B CN201710281132.XA CN201710281132A CN107052550B CN 107052550 B CN107052550 B CN 107052550B CN 201710281132 A CN201710281132 A CN 201710281132A CN 107052550 B CN107052550 B CN 107052550B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding processes, and particularly relates to a welding method of galvanized steel sheets. The invention discloses a galvanized steel sheet welding method, aiming at solving the problems that the operation is inconvenient and the environmental pollution and the health of operators are influenced in the process of zinc removal when the galvanized steel sheet is continuously melt-welded by adopting the prior art. The galvanized steel sheet welding method comprises the following steps: step S1, performing I-shaped groove processing and surface cleaning treatment on the galvanized steel sheet; step S2, directly carrying out continuous fusion welding on the galvanized steel sheet by adopting a plasma arc welding mode; and step S3, performing slag cleaning and zinc supplementing treatment on the welding seam and two sides of the welding seam. By adopting the galvanized steel sheet welding method, the welding convenience and flexibility of the galvanized steel sheet in a construction site are improved, and the protection of the construction environment and the health protection of operators are enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding processes, and particularly relates to a welding method for a galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 1.6-3.5 mm.
Background
In the construction and construction process of the AP1000 nuclear power station, when the ventilation pipeline adopting the galvanized steel sheets of S220GD + Z, S250GD + Z and S280GD + Z is welded, the continuous welding is required to be carried out in a fusion welding mode, and the complete fusion of the galvanized steel sheets at the connecting position is ensured.
At present, the continuous fusion welding of galvanized steel sheets is mainly carried out in two ways: the first is to adopt laser welding mode, generate high power density laser beam by laser emission, and simultaneously add side blowing to expel zinc vapor, so as to enhance the anti-interference ability to the zinc vapor, thereby completing the rapid continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel sheet. However, the laser welding method is greatly limited by the construction environment, and the galvanized steel sheets cannot be freely welded at the construction site. The second method is an arc welding method which is performed after removing the zinc coating, and the zinc coating on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet is removed by a physical method or a chemical method, and then the bare steel sheet portion is welded by a general arc welding process, such as argon arc welding or metal gas shielded arc welding. The mode not only needs to remove zinc when the operation is complex, but also can cause serious pollution to the environment in the process of removing the zinc coating, and particularly can cause zinc dust to scatter everywhere when the zinc coating is removed by adopting a physical method of manual polishing, and the zinc dust sucked by an operator can cause serious influence on the health.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a galvanized steel sheet welding method, aiming at solving the problems that the operation is inconvenient and the environmental pollution and the health of operators are influenced in the process of zinc removal when the galvanized steel sheet is continuously melt-welded by adopting the prior art. The galvanized steel sheet welding method comprises the following steps:
step S1, performing I-shaped groove processing and surface cleaning treatment on the galvanized steel sheet;
step S2, directly carrying out continuous fusion welding on the galvanized steel sheet by adopting a plasma arc welding mode;
and step S3, cleaning and zinc supplementing the weld joint and two sides of the weld joint.
Preferably, when the plasma arc welding is carried out on the galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 1.6mm, the welding current is 100-105A, the ionic gas flow is 1.2-1.3L/min, and the welding speed is 325-340 mm/min. Further preferably, the wire feeding speed is 170-180 cm/min.
Preferably, when the 2.7mm galvanized steel sheet is subjected to plasma arc welding, the welding current is 128-133A, the ionic gas flow is 1.7-1.8L/min, and the welding speed is 295-305 mm/min. More preferably, the wire feeding speed is 205-210 cm/min.
Preferably, when the plasma arc welding is carried out on the 3.5mm galvanized steel sheet, the welding current is 140-145A, the ionic gas flow is 2.2-2.4L/min, and the welding speed is 248-253 mm/min. More preferably, the wire feeding speed is 205-210 cm/min.
Preferably, the ion gas is argon gas with the purity of not less than 99.99 percent.
Preferably, the galvanized steel sheets are assembled without gaps and are welded in a single pass.
When the galvanized steel sheet is welded by adopting the galvanized steel sheet welding method, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
1. the plasma arc welding is directly applied to the continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel sheet, so that the limitation of welding working conditions when laser welding is adopted in the prior art is solved, the pollution of a zinc removing process to the environment and the influence on the health of operators when the zinc removing mode is adopted for welding are avoided, the convenience and the flexibility of the continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel sheet in a construction site are improved, and meanwhile, the improvement on the construction environment and the health protection of the operators are improved.
2. The invention utilizes the unique mechanical compression, thermal compression and electromagnetic compression characteristics of the plasma arc welding equipment to carry out common compression action on the electric arc, so that the output electric arc has continuous stability and high-density energy, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the electric arc on zinc vapor, namely ensuring the stability and strength of the electric arc in the welding process of the galvanized steel sheet, and further realizing the welding of the galvanized steel sheet. Meanwhile, according to the invention, aiming at different welding thicknesses of the galvanized steel sheets, a large number of tests are used for specifically selecting welding parameters and specifically matching different welding parameters, so that the continuous anti-interference capability of the electric arc on zinc vapor during continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel sheets is enhanced, the stability and the strength of the electric arc in the continuous welding process are ensured, and the continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel sheets is realized. Wherein, through the selection and the mutual matching of welding current, welding speed and ionic gas flow, not only realized having the appropriate control of energy to output electric arc, thereby guarantee to have appropriate penetration welding ability and the disappearance not penetration or melt-through phenomenon to galvanized steel sheet, the produced welding hot zone region scope of electric arc both can realize the rapid evaporation to the galvanizing coat this moment, avoided zinc to get into the molten bath welding crack to appear, and can keep apart the zinc vapour outside at protection gas and ionic gas effectively, the interference of zinc vapour to electric arc has been avoided, thereby guarantee the continuous stability and the intensity of output electric arc, realize the stable continuous fusion welding to galvanized steel sheet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front welding effect diagram of a galvanized steel sheet after the galvanized steel sheet in example 1 is welded;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the effect of welding the back surface of the zinciferous coated steel sheet after the zinciferous coated steel sheet of example 1 is welded;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the effect of back welding of a galvanized steel sheet after welding of the galvanized steel sheet in comparative example 1 is completed;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the effect of the back welding of the galvanized steel sheet after the welding of the galvanized steel sheet in comparative example 2 is completed;
FIG. 5 is a front side welding effect diagram of the zinciferous coated steel sheet after the zinciferous coated steel sheet of example 2 is welded;
FIG. 6 is a view showing the effect of welding the back surface of the zinciferous coated steel sheet after the zinciferous coated steel sheet of example 2 is welded;
FIG. 7 is a view showing the effect of back welding of a galvanized steel sheet after welding of the galvanized steel sheet in comparative example 3 is completed;
FIG. 8 is a view showing the effect of back welding of a galvanized steel sheet after welding of the galvanized steel sheet in comparative example 4 is completed;
FIG. 9 is a front side welding effect diagram of the zinciferous coated steel sheet after the zinciferous coated steel sheet of example 3 is welded;
FIG. 10 is a view showing the effect of welding the back surface of the zinciferous coated steel sheet after the zinciferous coated steel sheet of example 3 is welded;
FIG. 11 is a view showing the effect of back welding of a galvanized steel sheet after welding of the galvanized steel sheet in comparative example 5 is completed;
fig. 12 is a graph showing the effect of back welding of the galvanized steel sheet after the completion of welding of the galvanized steel sheet in comparative example 6.
Detailed Description
In the following, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail by taking as an example the welding of ventilation ducts made of galvanized steel sheets of S220GD + Z, S250GD + Z, and S280GD + Z in the construction process of an AP1000 nuclear power plant.
The method for welding the galvanized steel sheet comprises the following specific steps:
and step S1, performing groove machining on the galvanized steel sheet to be welded, and cleaning the end face and the periphery of the groove. In the invention, the galvanized steel sheet is subjected to I-shaped groove processing, and rust, oil and dirt within the range of 20mm of the end face of the groove and the edge of the groove are cleaned by the brush and the white cloth, so that the surface of the galvanized steel sheet is kept clean and dry.
And step S2, directly and continuously performing fusion welding on the galvanized steel sheet in a plasma arc welding mode. First, the galvanized steel sheets to be welded are assembled. In the invention, the galvanized steel sheets are assembled without gaps, and the misalignment is controlled within 0.5mm, so that the galvanized steel sheets can be assembled quickly, the welding amount and the filling amount of welding materials are reduced, and the welding efficiency is improved. Then, welding parameters are set, and parameters such as welding current, ion gas flow and welding speed are specifically selected and matched according to different thicknesses of the galvanized steel sheets. And finally, welding the galvanized steel sheet by adopting a flat welding mode to finish the welding of the galvanized steel sheet. In the invention, single-pass welding is adopted for the I-shaped groove, so that the welding efficiency is improved.
And step S3, cleaning the welded seam and areas at two sides of the welded seam of the galvanized steel sheet, and performing zinc supplement operation on the welded seam and the periphery of the welded seam.
Preferably, in the invention, when the galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 1.6mm is directly subjected to continuous fusion welding, the welding current is 100-105A, the ionic gas flow is 1.2-1.3L/min, the welding speed is 325-340 mm/min, the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min, and the wire feeding speed is 170-180 cm/min. When the galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 2.7mm is directly subjected to continuous fusion welding, the welding current is 128-133A, the ionic gas flow is 1.7-1.8L/min, the welding speed is 295-305 mm/min, the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min, and the wire feeding speed is 205-210 cm/min. When the galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 3.5mm is directly subjected to continuous fusion welding, the welding current is 140-145A, the ionic gas flow is 2.2-2.4L/min, the welding speed is 248-253 mm/min, the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min, and the wire feeding speed is 205-210 cm/min.
In addition, in the invention, an ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter of 1.0mm is selected as a filler wire of a welding seam in the welding process of galvanized steel sheets of S220GD + Z, S250GD + Z and S280GD + Z. The ion gas and the protective gas both adopt argon with the purity not less than 99.99 percent, so as to improve the protection of the ion gas and the protective gas to the tungsten electrode and further ensure the continuous stability of the electric arc.
Example 1 a galvanized steel sheet with a thickness of 1.6mm was continuously fusion welded using the welding method of the present invention. Wherein the welding current is 103A, the ionic gas flow is 1.2L/min, the welding speed is 330mm/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the wire feeding speed is 175 cm/min. Fig. 1 and 2 are front and back welding effects of the galvanized steel sheet after welding is completed on the galvanized steel sheet of the present embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, continuous and smooth welding seams are formed on the front surface and the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet, and the welding quality requirement of continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel sheet is met.
Comparative example 1 a galvanized steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6mm was continuously fusion-welded in the same manner as in example 1. The only difference is that the welding current is 95A. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the back welding of the galvanized steel sheet after the completion of the welding of the galvanized steel sheet of this comparative example. As can be seen from fig. 3, an unfused phenomenon occurs on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet, and the welding of the galvanized steel sheet has quality defects.
Comparative example 2 a galvanized steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6mm was continuously fusion-welded in the same manner as in example 1. The only difference is that the welding current is 110A. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of back welding of the galvanized steel sheet after the completion of welding of the galvanized steel sheet of this comparative example. As can be seen from fig. 4, a fusion phenomenon occurs at a portion of the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet, so that the welding effect cannot meet the design requirements.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2, when the galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 1.6mm is continuously fusion-welded by plasma arc welding, the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet has a welding defect of incomplete penetration when the welding current value is lower than 100A; when the welding current value is higher than 105A, a fusion-through welding defect occurs on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet. Further experiments also found that as the welding current value was further lowered to 100A, the lack of fusion defects in the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet continued to be aggravated; as the welding current value further exceeds 105A, the penetration phenomenon of the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet is more serious.
Example 2 a galvanized steel sheet having a thickness of 2.7mm was continuously fusion welded by the welding method of the present invention. Wherein the welding current is 130A, the ionic gas flow is 1.8L/min, the welding speed is 300mm/min, the protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the wire feeding speed is 208 cm/min. Fig. 5 and 6 are front and back welding effects of the galvanized steel sheet after welding is completed on the galvanized steel sheet of the present example. As can be seen from the figure, continuous and smooth welding seams are formed on the front surface and the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet, and the welding quality requirement of continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel sheet is met.
Comparative example 3a galvanized steel sheet having a thickness of 2.7mm was continuously fusion-welded in the same manner as in example 2. The only difference is that the welding speed is 290 mm/min. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of back welding of the galvanized steel sheet after the completion of welding of the galvanized steel sheet of this comparative example. As can be seen from fig. 7, a fusion phenomenon occurs on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet, so that the welding of the galvanized steel sheet does not satisfy the design requirements.
Comparative example 4 a galvanized steel sheet having a thickness of 2.7mm was continuously fusion-welded in the same manner as in example 2. The only difference is that the welding speed is 310 mm/min. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of the back welding of the galvanized steel sheet after the completion of the welding of the galvanized steel sheet of this comparative example. As can be seen from fig. 8, there was a significant unfused phenomenon on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet, and the welding effect was poor.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 2 and comparative examples 3 and 4, when the galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 2.7mm is continuously fusion-welded by plasma arc welding, the fusion penetration problem exists on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet when the welding speed value is lower than 295 mm/min; when the welding speed value is higher than 305mm/min, there is a problem that the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet is not fused. And further tests show that as the welding speed value continues to be lower than 295mm/min, the fusion penetration area of the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet is further increased; as the welding speed value continues to be higher than 305mm/min, the weld gap on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet is more obvious, and the problem of unfused welding is more serious.
Example 3 galvanized steel sheets with a thickness of 3.5mm were continuously fusion welded using the welding method of the present invention. Wherein the welding current is 143A, the ionic gas flow is 2.3L/min, the welding speed is 250mm/min, the protective gas flow is 15L/min, and the wire feeding speed is 210 cm/min. Fig. 9 and 10 are front and back welding effects of the galvanized steel sheet after welding is completed on the galvanized steel sheet of the embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, continuous and smooth welding seams are formed on the front surface and the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet, and the welding quality requirement of continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel sheet is met.
Comparative example 5a galvanized steel sheet having a thickness of 2.7mm was continuously fusion-welded in the same manner as in example 3. The only difference is that the ionic gas flow rate is 2.0L/min. Fig. 11 is a graph showing the effect of back welding of the galvanized steel sheet after the completion of welding of the galvanized steel sheet of this comparative example. As can be seen from fig. 11, there was a continuous non-fusion phenomenon on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet, and the fusion welding hardly occurred on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet.
Comparative example 6 a galvanized steel sheet having a thickness of 2.7mm was continuously fusion-welded in the same manner as in example 3. The only difference is that the ionic gas flow rate is 2.6L/min. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of back welding of the galvanized steel sheet after the completion of welding of the galvanized steel sheet of this comparative example. As can be seen from fig. 12, a significant fusion phenomenon occurred on the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 3 and comparative examples 5 and 6, when the galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 3.5mm is continuously fusion-welded by plasma arc welding, the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet has the problem of non-fusion when the ionic gas flow rate is lower than 2.2L/min; when the ionic gas flow value is higher than 2.4L/min, the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet has the problem of fusion penetration. And further experiments show that as the ionic gas flow value continues to be lower than 2.2L/min, the unfused condition of the back surface of the galvanized steel sheet is increased along with the increase; as the ion gas flow rate continues to exceed 2.4L/min, the diameter of the small hole generated during fusion penetration becomes large, and even the weld cannot be formed.
In the three groups of examples and the corresponding comparative examples, only one welding parameter variable is adjusted in the corresponding examples and comparative examples in order to ensure the accuracy and precision of the comparative test. Aiming at the welding of a galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 1.6mm, only the welding current value is adjusted and changed; aiming at the welding of 2.7mm galvanized steel sheets, only the welding speed value is adjusted and changed; aiming at the welding of a 3.5mm galvanized steel plate, only the ionic gas flow value is adjusted and changed, so that the effect influence of the selection of different welding parameters and welding parameter value ranges on the continuous fusion welding of the galvanized steel plate is obtained.
Similarly, the welding effect on the galvanized steel sheets with the thickness of 2.7mm and 3.5mm is the same as the welding effect on the galvanized steel sheets with the thickness of 1.6mm due to the change of the welding current value; the change of the welding speed value has the same effect on the welding of the galvanized steel sheets with the thickness of 1.6mm and 3.5mm as that on the welding of the galvanized steel sheets with the thickness of 2.7 mm; the effect of the change of the ion gas flow rate on the welding of the galvanized steel sheets with the thickness of 1.6mm and 2.7mm is the same as that on the welding of the galvanized steel sheets with the thickness of 3.5mm, and the details are not listed here. However, when the galvanized steel sheets with different thicknesses are subjected to continuous fusion welding, the selection of the welding current value, the welding speed value and the plasma gas flow value and the mutual matching relationship among the three have corresponding differences and differences.
Claims (3)
1. A galvanized steel sheet welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, performing I-shaped groove processing and surface cleaning treatment on the galvanized steel sheet;
step S2, directly carrying out continuous fusion welding on the galvanized steel sheet by adopting a plasma arc welding mode;
step S3, cleaning and zinc-supplementing the welding seam and two sides thereof;
when plasma arc welding is carried out on a galvanized steel sheet with the thickness of 1.6mm, the welding current is 100-105A, the ionic gas flow is 1.2-1.3L/min, the welding speed is 325-340 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 170-180 cm/min;
when plasma arc welding is carried out on a 2.7mm galvanized steel plate, the welding current is 128-133A, the ionic gas flow is 1.7-1.8L/min, the welding speed is 295-305 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 205-210 cm/min;
when plasma arc welding is carried out on a 3.5mm galvanized steel plate, the welding current is 140-145A, the ionic gas flow is 2.2-2.4L/min, the welding speed is 248-253 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 205-210 cm/min.
2. The galvanized steel sheet welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ion gas uses argon gas having a purity of not less than 99.99%.
3. The method of welding galvanized steel sheets according to claim 1, wherein the galvanized steel sheets are assembled without a gap and are subjected to single pass welding.
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| JP2688717B2 (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1997-12-10 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Transfer type plasma welding method |
| JPH03165968A (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1991-07-17 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Method for joining galvanized steel plates |
| JP3437630B2 (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 2003-08-18 | 日立ビアメカニクス株式会社 | Welding method for galvanized steel sheet |
| WO2007118939A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Arcelor France | Method of producing a welded part having very high mechanical properties from a rolled and coated sheet |
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