CN107045130B - Portable full-automatic micro-pulse wind lidar system - Google Patents
Portable full-automatic micro-pulse wind lidar system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107045130B CN107045130B CN201710130560.2A CN201710130560A CN107045130B CN 107045130 B CN107045130 B CN 107045130B CN 201710130560 A CN201710130560 A CN 201710130560A CN 107045130 B CN107045130 B CN 107045130B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a portable full-automatic micropulse anemometry laser radar system, the system has filled the vacancy of domestic portable coherent anemometry laser radar system, provides a set of anemometry laser radar system based on 1.55 mu m full-fiber device. The system has small volume, light weight and low power consumption, is suitable for being carried and deployed by a single person, has low single pulse energy, and is positioned in a safe wave band of human eyes; the system has the functions of power-on full-automatic operation and error self-checking and elimination; the Beidou communication system can be used for remote configuration to obtain vector wind field data with different detection heights and different height resolutions, and the vector wind field data can also be transmitted remotely through Beidou short message communication.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the field of atmosphere detection by laser radars, and particularly relates to a portable full-automatic micro-pulse wind measurement laser radar system.
Technical Field
The detection of the near-formation atmospheric wind field has important significance in the aspects of short-term weather forecast, military national defense, aviation safety early warning, wind energy assessment and the like. The laser radar is adopted to measure the wind speed of the near-stratum, so that the defect of the microwave radar in clear sky can be overcome, and higher wind speed measurement precision and distance resolution can be obtained in measurement. In order to meet the complicated and variable measurement requirements, the portable coherent wind lidar system becomes a development trend.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, this disclosure discloses a portable full-automatic micropulse anemometry lidar system, the system includes:
the device comprises an industrial personal computer, a waveform driver, a main oscillation laser, an amplification laser, a receiving and transmitting optical device, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler and a balanced detector;
the industrial personal computer is a control center of the system;
the system sends a remote instruction to the industrial personal computer through a user, so that data acquisition and power-on of the system are controlled;
the waveform driver is used for generating an electric signal waveform with the repetition frequency of 10 k-20 kHz and the high level width of 100-500 ns;
the main oscillation laser is used for generating continuous local oscillation light and seed laser, and the main oscillation laser modulates the seed laser into pulse laser according to the waveform of the waveform driver;
the main oscillation laser sends the generated pulse laser to an amplification laser, and sends the generated continuous local oscillation light to a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler;
the amplification laser is used for amplifying the received pulse laser and outputting the pulse laser to the transceiving optical device;
the receiving and transmitting optical device is used for receiving backscattering echo optical signals of pulse laser output by the amplification laser from aerosol particles in the atmosphere, outputting the backscattering echo optical signals to the amplification laser, and outputting the backscattering echo optical signals to the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler from the amplification laser;
the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is used for mixing the continuous local oscillation light and the back scattering echo light signals and outputting the mixed light signals to the balanced detector;
the balanced detector is used for detecting the mixed optical signal, converting a detection result into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal. The beneficial effect of this disclosure lies in:
1. the all-fiber laser and all-fiber device which are safe to human eyes are adopted, the system is small in size (less than or equal to 500 x 300mm), light in weight (less than or equal to 30kg), low in power consumption (less than or equal to 100W in operation power consumption and less than or equal to 10W in standby power consumption), strong in environmental adaptability (the temperature of a working environment is 0-40 ℃, waterproof), convenient to carry and deploy by a single person and easy to maintain; the system is electrified and runs automatically, and is suitable for non-professional people to operate; the system is communicated with the control center through the Beidou communication system, so that remote configuration and remote real-time acquisition of measurement results are realized.
2. The wind speed measuring device has the characteristics of adjustable height resolution (50-300 m), high wind speed measuring precision (wind speed precision is less than or equal to 1m/s, wind direction precision is less than or equal to +/-10 degrees), high time resolution (less than or equal to 3s) and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portable fully-automatic micropulse coherent wind lidar system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
wherein: 1-a main oscillation laser, 1-1 a seed laser, 1-2 a one-to-two optical fiber beam splitter, 1-3 an acoustic optical modulator, 2-an amplification laser, 2-1 an optical fiber amplifier, 2-2 an optical fiber circulator, 3-a transceiver optical device, 3-1 a beam expander, 3-2 a telescope, 3-3 a wedge scanning mirror, 4-a waveform driver, 5 a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, 6-a balanced detector, 7-a scanning motor driver, 8-an industrial personal computer, 9-an acquisition processing circuit, 10-a serial port switch module, 11-an electronic compass and 12-a Beidou communication module;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a transceiver optical device for deflecting and scanning a pulsed laser according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2(b) is a schematic view of an assembly angle of the scanning motor, the wedge mirror and the electronic compass in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description of fig. 1-2.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure discloses a portable fully automatic micropulse wind lidar system, the system comprising:
the device comprises an industrial personal computer, a waveform driver, a main oscillation laser, an amplification laser, a receiving and transmitting optical device, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler and a balanced detector;
the industrial personal computer is a control center of the system;
the system sends a remote instruction to the industrial personal computer through a user, so that data acquisition and power-on of the system are controlled;
the waveform driver is used for generating an electric signal waveform with the repetition frequency of 10 k-20 kHz and the high level width of 100-500 ns;
the main oscillation laser is used for generating continuous local oscillation light and seed laser, and the main oscillation laser modulates the seed laser into pulse laser according to the waveform of the waveform driver;
the main oscillation laser sends the generated pulse laser to an amplification laser, and sends the generated continuous local oscillation light to a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler;
the amplification laser is used for amplifying the received pulse laser and outputting the pulse laser to the transceiving optical device;
the receiving and transmitting optical device is used for receiving backscattering echo optical signals of pulse laser output by the amplification laser from aerosol particles in the atmosphere, outputting the backscattering echo optical signals to the amplification laser, and outputting the backscattering echo optical signals to the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler from the amplification laser.
The 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is used for mixing the continuous local oscillation light and the back scattering echo light signals and outputting the mixed light signals to the balanced detector;
the balanced detector is used for detecting the mixed optical signal and converting a detection result into an electric signal to be output.
Preferably, the system further comprises a Beidou communication module;
the Beidou communication module is used as a medium for information interaction between the user and the industrial personal computer.
The purpose of this embodiment is to fill up domestic portable coherent wind lidar system's vacancy, provides a set of wind lidar system based on all-fiber device that wavelength is 1.55 mu m. The system is mainly characterized in that: the volume is small, the weight is light, the power consumption is low, and the portable solar water heater is suitable for being carried and deployed by a single person; the single pulse has low energy and is positioned in a human eye safe wave band; the system has the functions of power-on full-automatic operation and error self-checking and elimination; can carry out remote configuration through big dipper communication module to obtain the vector wind field data of different detection height, different height resolution ratio, vector wind field data also can be through big dipper communication module teletransmission.
The system is powered on automatically, the user sends the instruction remotely to power on the system, the system runs according to default configuration parameters after the instruction is sent, and similarly, the user can also set parameters remotely, and the set parameters comprise detected distance resolution, detected distance, working time and the like. After a user sends an instruction to start measurement, the Beidou communication module receives the instruction and transmits the instruction to the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer respectively starts the laser, the acquisition card, the detector and the motor driver module through the serial port switch module, a main control program running on the industrial personal computer waits for the successful electrification and stable state of all the modules (mainly, the energy of the laser needs several seconds for stabilization, depending on the laser), the acquisition card and the motor driver are set according to default acquisition parameters or acquisition parameters sent by the user through the Beidou communication module, and the industrial personal computer sends the result to the user through the Beidou communication module after the result is acquired. The full-automatic operation of the system is mainly realized by a main control program operated on an industrial personal computer.
The system described in this disclosure employs an all-fiber laser and an all-fiber relay optical system, which, compared to solid-state lasers and free-space relay optical paths, have higher integration, lighter weight, and smaller volume.
The system closes modules such as a laser, a collection card and a motor driver with high power consumption through a serial port switch module in a non-collection state, and only keeps the industrial personal computer and the Beidou communication module in a working state. Meanwhile, the full-fiber laser is adopted, so that the electro-optic conversion efficiency is higher.
As shown in fig. 1: the system comprises an industrial personal computer, a main oscillation laser, a waveform driver, an amplification laser, a receiving and transmitting optical device, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, a balanced detector and a Beidou communication module.
The industrial personal computer comprises 8 ports, wherein the port 1 is connected with the port 1 of the waveform driver, the port 2 is connected with the port 1 of the waveform driver, the port 3 is connected with the port 1 of the amplification laser, the port 4 is connected with the port 1 of the acquisition processing circuit, and the port 7 is connected with the port 1 of the Beidou communication module.
The master oscillator laser comprises 4 ports, a port 1 is connected with a port 2 of the industrial personal computer, a port 2 is connected with a port 2 of the waveform driver, a port 3 is connected with a port 2 of the amplifier laser, and a port 4 is connected with a port 1 of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler.
The waveform driver comprises two ports, wherein the port 1 is connected with the port 1 of the industrial personal computer, and the port 2 is connected with the port 2 of the main oscillation laser. The waveform emitted by the waveform driver depends on the laser characteristics, typically a triangular wave.
The amplifier laser comprises 4 ports, a port 1 is connected with a port 3 of the industrial personal computer, a port 2 is connected with a port 3 of the main oscillation laser, the port 3 is connected with a port 1 of the receiving and transmitting optical device, and a port 4 is connected with a port 2 of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler.
The transceiver optics comprises 2 ports, port 1 being connected to the amplifier stage laser port 3.
The 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler comprises 4 ports, a port 1 is connected with a port 4 of the main oscillation laser, a port 2 is connected with a port 4 of the amplifier laser, and ports 3 and 4 are connected with ports 1 and 2 of the balanced detector.
The balanced detector comprises 3 ports, and the ports 1 and 2 are respectively connected with the ports 3 and 4 of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler.
The Beidou communication module comprises 1 port and is connected with an industrial personal computer port 7.
The industrial personal computer 8 is a system control center and adopts a low-power consumption, high-performance, embedded and small-sized chemical industrial control machine. The industrial personal computer 8 is connected with the waveform driver 4 through a USB port, controls the waveform driver 4 to generate waveforms with different repetition frequencies and different duty ratios, and the waveform driver 4 is connected with the main oscillation laser 1 through a coaxial cable to drive the main oscillation laser 1 to generate pulse lasers with different repetition frequencies and pulse widths; the industrial personal computer 8 is connected with the main oscillation laser 1 through a serial port, and controls and reads the working state of the main oscillation laser 1; the industrial personal computer 8 is connected with the amplification laser 2 through a serial port and controls and reads the output pulse energy and the working state of the amplification laser 2; the industrial personal computer 8 is connected with the Beidou communication module 12 through a serial port and exchanges information with a user through the Beidou communication module.
In one embodiment, the master oscillator laser includes: the device comprises a seed laser, a one-to-two optical fiber beam splitter and an acousto-optic modulator;
the seed laser is used for emitting narrow-linewidth continuous laser, after the narrow-linewidth continuous laser is split by a one-to-two optical fiber beam splitter, one part of the narrow-linewidth continuous laser is output to a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler to be used as continuous local oscillation light, and the other part of the narrow-linewidth continuous laser is output to an acousto-optic modulator to be used as seed light;
and the acousto-optic modulator modulates and outputs the input seed light into pulse laser according to the received waveform output by the waveform driver, and the pulse laser is output to the amplifier laser through the single-mode polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
Preferably, the modulating the input seed light into the pulse laser specifically includes: according to the heterodyne detection principle, additional frequency shift quantity is generated for seed light to obtain pulse laser, and the pulse laser is output to an amplification laser through a single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1: the main oscillation laser 1 comprises a seed laser 1-1, a one-to-two optical fiber beam splitter 1-2 and an acousto-optic modulator 1-3. Wherein the seed laser 1-1 emits narrow linewidth continuous laser, after beam splitting by the beam splitter 1-2, a part of the laser is output to the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 5 as continuous local oscillation light, and the other path is output to the acousto-optic modulator 1-3; the acousto-optic modulator 1-3 modulates and outputs continuous local oscillator light into pulse laser according to the waveform input by the waveform driver 4, the pulse laser contains intermediate frequency shift amount relative to the local oscillator light, and the pulse laser is output to the amplification laser 2 through a single-mode polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
In one embodiment, the amplifier stage laser comprises: fiber amplifiers and fiber circulators;
the optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the passing pulse laser and transmitting the pulse laser to the optical fiber circulator;
the optical fiber circulator is used as an optical transceiving switch and is used for separating the pulse laser emitted by the optical fiber amplifier from the backscattering echo optical signal of aerosol particles in the atmosphere.
Preferably, the optical fiber circulator comprises three ports, wherein a first port is connected with the optical fiber amplifier, and a second port and a third port which are used as output ports of the amplifier laser are respectively connected with the transceiver optical device and the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler;
the pulsed laser enters the fiber optic circulator from the first port, is output to the transceiver optics from the second port, and enters the atmosphere from the transceiver optics.
In this embodiment, the industrial personal computer controls the output energy of the pulse laser after passing through the optical fiber amplifier by controlling the driving current of the optical fiber amplifier, and the pulse laser after being amplified by the energy of the optical fiber amplifier is output to the optical fiber circulator;
the optical fiber circulator is used as an optical transceiving switch and is used for beam splitting isolation of pulse laser emitted by an amplifier laser and aerosol particle backscattered echo optical signals in the atmosphere, wherein the aerosol particles in the atmosphere move along with an atmospheric wind field and have the same speed as the atmospheric wind field, the speed has a speed component in the transmission direction of the pulse laser, and according to the Doppler effect, a Doppler frequency shift quantity (f) proportional to the speed component exists between the aerosol particle backscattered echo optical signals and the pulse lightd)。
In this embodiment, the optical fiber circulator is integrated inside the amplifier laser, so that the maximum pulse energy allowed to be output by the amplifier laser is increased, and the detection distance of the whole system is further increased.
As shown in fig. 1: the amplification laser 2 comprises an optical fiber amplifier 2-1 and an optical fiber circulator 2-2, the industrial personal computer 8 controls the pulse laser to output energy after passing through the optical fiber amplifier 2-1 by controlling the driving current of the optical fiber amplifier 2-1, and the pulse laser after energy amplification is output to the optical fiber circulator 2-2. The optical fiber circulator 2-2 is used for beam splitting isolation of a transmitting signal and an echo signal, the optical fiber circulator 2-2 comprises three ports, a port A is connected with the optical fiber amplifier 2-1, and a port B and a port C are used as an output port 3 and an output port 4 of the amplifier-grade laser 2 and are respectively connected with a port 1 of the transceiver optical device 3 and a port 2 of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 5. The amplified pulse laser enters the optical fiber circulator 2-2 from the port A and is output to the transceiver optical device 3 from the port B; the echo signal received by the transceiver optical device 3 enters the fiber optic circulator 2-2 from the port B and is output from the port C.
In one embodiment, the transceiver optics comprise: the device comprises a beam expanding lens, a telescope, a wedge-shaped lens and a scanning motor;
the beam expander is used for pre-expanding the pulse laser output by the optical fiber circulator;
the telescope is used for compressing the divergence angle of the pulse laser beam after passing through the beam expander;
the scanning motor is used for changing the projection angle of the emergent optical axis of the wedge-shaped mirror on the horizontal plane, so that the pulse laser beams emitted by the wedge-shaped mirror can be detected on different azimuth angles.
Preferably, the beam expander is connected to the second port of the fiber optic circulator.
Preferably, the optical axis of the beam expander is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and coincides with the transmission direction of the pulse laser.
Preferably, the optical axis of the telescope is coincident with the optical axis of the beam expander and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
Preferably, the transceiver optical system is a transceiver coaxial optical system, and is configured to receive a backscattered echo optical signal of the pulsed laser output by the optical fiber circulator from aerosol particles in the atmosphere, output the backscattered echo optical signal to the optical fiber circulator, and output the backscattered echo optical signal to the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler from a third port of the optical fiber circulator.
In this embodiment, the wedge mirror is installed on the scanning motor and used for deflecting the input optical axis, an included angle of 15 degrees to 40 degrees exists between the deflected optical axis and the vertical direction, the projection angle on the horizontal plane is consistent with the origin angle of the scanning motor, namely, the included angle is consistent with the north direction of the electronic compass, and when the scanning motor rotates, the projection angle of the optical axis on the horizontal plane is also changed, so that the detection on different azimuth angles is realized.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1: the transceiver optical device 3 comprises a beam expander 3-1, a telescope 3-2 and a wedge-shaped scanning mirror 3-3. The beam expander 3-1 expands the pulsed light output by the port 2 of the amplifier laser 2; the telescope 3-2 further compresses the beam divergence angle; the wedge-shaped scanning mirror 3-3 deflects the beam by 20 deg., and the beam may be directed at different azimuthal angles as the wedge-shaped scanning mirror 3-3 scans. The system adopts a receiving and transmitting coaxial optical system, and echo signals can be coupled into the port B of the optical fiber circulator 2-2 according to the reversible principle of an optical path.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a scanning motor driver, wherein the scanning motor driver is connected with the scanning motor, controls and reads the scanning angle of the pulse laser beam emitted by the transceiver optical device, and sends the scanning angle of the pulse laser beam emitted by the transceiver optical device to the industrial personal computer.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1: the scanning motor driver comprises 2 ports, a port 1 is connected with a port 5 of the industrial personal computer, and a port 2 is connected with a port 2 of the receiving and transmitting optical device. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the scanning motor driver is connected with a scanning motor in the transceiver optical device and used for controlling and reading the scanning angle of the emitted light beam.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises an electronic compass, and the system judges the azimuth angle of the scanning motor according to the azimuth angle of the electronic compass.
In this embodiment, the electronic compass is connected to the industrial personal computer via a serial port, and the electronic compass is horizontally installed in the system, and the north-positive direction is consistent with the emission beam origin azimuth (i.e. the azimuth of the emission beam when the scanning motor in the transceiver optical device 3 is at the origin position).
In one embodiment, the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler is a single-mode polarization-preserving equal-proportion output optical fiber, two input ends of the single-mode polarization-preserving equal-proportion output optical fiber are respectively connected with the main oscillation laser and the amplification laser, and after a backscattering echo optical signal of aerosol particles in the atmosphere and continuous local oscillation light are mixed in the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler, a difference frequency signal of the backscattering echo optical signal and the continuous local oscillation light is obtained, and the difference frequency signal is output to the balanced detector in equal proportion through an output port of the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler.
Preferably, the balanced detector is configured to convert a difference frequency signal between the backscattered echo optical signal and the continuous local oscillator light into a difference frequency electrical signal, and output the difference frequency electrical signal to the acquisition processing circuit.
In this embodiment, the system is based on the principle of optical coherent detection. The optical coherent detection principle has detection sensitivity close to the quantum noise limit and high signal-to-noise ratio. The coherent wind lidar system transmits two beams of laser, wherein one beam is local oscillation light which is used for coherent detection; the other beam is pulse signal light modulated by an acousto-optic modulator and transmitted to the atmosphere through a telescope and a scanner. After being received by the telescope, the weak backscattering signal of the aerosol particles is subjected to coherent mixing with local oscillator light. The echo signals at different distances have different time of reaching the telescope system. The mixing signals include intermediate frequency signals which are easy to detect, and the frequency of the intermediate frequency signals is proportional to the radial (detection direction) wind speed. And acquiring radial wind speeds in different directions by a scanning device, and acquiring three-dimensional wind field information by adopting a vector synthesis method.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises an acquisition processing circuit for receiving the balanced detector output electrical signal. The acquisition processing circuit comprises a signal processing FPGA chip, and an algorithm for performing spectrum analysis on the electric signal is embedded in the signal processing FPGA chip to obtain a power spectrum of the difference frequency signal.
In this embodiment, pulses are transmitted multiple times in the same direction, then power spectrum analysis is performed on the signals acquired after each transmission, and the power spectra are accumulated and averaged to obtain a signal frequency corresponding to a power peak, where the frequency is f0And the + delta f comprises Doppler frequency shift quantity, the radial wind speed in the direction can be obtained according to the Doppler frequency shift quantity, and the vector wind speed is obtained by detecting in different radial directions and then synthesizing.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a serial port switch module, and the serial port switch module is connected with the industrial personal computer.
When the system needs to work, a user remotely sends a working instruction through the Beidou communication system, and after the industrial personal computer receives the working instruction of the Beidou communication module, the industrial personal computer respectively controls the waveform driver, the main oscillation laser, the amplification laser, the scanning motor driver, the balance detector, the acquisition processing circuit and the electronic compass to be powered on through the serial port switch module.
Preferably, after the motor driver is powered on, the scanning motor is automatically checked whether to be at the position of the origin, and if not, the scanning motor is driven to rotate to the position of the origin; after the electronic compass is successfully electrified, the industrial personal computer reads the azimuth angle of the current electronic compass, judges the azimuth angle corresponding to the current motor origin angle and rotates the scanning motor origin angle to the true north azimuth angle.
After the main oscillation laser is powered on, the industrial personal computer reads the pulse light power output by the main oscillation laser, controls the amplification laser to work after the main oscillation laser is stable, and controls the pulse energy of the output amplification laser through setting the driving current of the optical fiber amplifier;
the industrial personal computer reads the output pulse energy of the amplification laser, and controls the acquisition processing circuit to start working after the output pulse energy is stabilized; the acquisition processing circuit samples immediately after the pulse light beam is emitted every time, the number of sampling points depends on the detection distance set by a user, and the number of sampling pulses at a single azimuth angle also depends on the setting of the user; processing an electric signal which is acquired by a single pulse and contains Doppler frequency shift information by using an embedded spectrum analysis algorithm, averaging power spectrums of multi-pulse detection signals at the same azimuth angle, effectively suppressing noise by averaging the multi-pulse detection, and storing the average power spectrum and the current system azimuth angle in an industrial personal computer;
the industrial personal computer controls the scanning motor driver to drive the scanning motor to rotate, so that the emitted pulse beams are detected at different azimuth angles, three-dimensional wind field information is calculated by utilizing a vector synthesis algorithm of a three-dimensional wind field, and the three-dimensional wind field information is transmitted to a user through the Beidou communication module.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art; the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A portable full-automatic micro-pulse wind lidar system based on a 1.55 mu m all-fiber device, wherein,
the system adopts an all-fiber laser and an all-fiber relay optical system, and has higher integration level, lighter weight and smaller volume compared with a solid laser and a free space relay optical path; the system is used for carrying and deploying by a single person, has low single pulse energy and is positioned in a human eye safe wave band; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the system is realized as a portable coherent wind lidar system, the volume of the system is less than 500 x 300mm, and the weight of the system is less than or equal to 30 kg;
the system is powered on fully automatically, the system is powered on by remotely sending an instruction by a user, the system runs according to default configuration parameters after the instruction is sent, and the user can set parameters remotely in the same way, wherein the set parameters comprise resolution, detection distance and working time;
the system comprises:
the device comprises an industrial personal computer, a waveform driver, a main oscillation laser, an amplification laser, a receiving and transmitting optical device, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler and a balanced detector;
the industrial personal computer is a control center of the system;
the system sends a remote instruction to the industrial personal computer through a user, so that data acquisition of the system and system electrification are controlled;
the waveform driver is used for generating an electric signal waveform with the repetition frequency of 10 k-20 kHz and the high level width of 100-500 ns;
the main oscillation laser is used for generating continuous local oscillation light and seed laser, and the main oscillation laser modulates the seed laser into pulse laser according to the waveform of the waveform driver;
the main oscillation laser sends the generated pulse laser to an amplification laser, and sends the generated continuous local oscillation light to a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler;
the amplification laser is used for amplifying the received pulse laser and outputting the pulse laser to the transceiving optical device;
the receiving and transmitting optical device is used for receiving backscattering echo optical signals of pulse laser output by the amplification laser from aerosol particles in the atmosphere, outputting the backscattering echo optical signals to the amplification laser, and outputting the backscattering echo optical signals to the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler from the amplification laser;
the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is used for mixing the continuous local oscillation light and the back scattering echo light signals and outputting the mixed light signals to the balanced detector;
the balanced detector is used for detecting the mixed optical signal and converting a detection result into an electric signal to be output;
the system also comprises a Beidou communication module;
the Beidou communication module is used as a medium for information interaction between the user and the industrial personal computer;
the Beidou communication module is used for carrying out remote configuration so as to obtain vector wind field data with different detection heights and different height resolutions;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the master oscillator laser includes: the device comprises a seed laser, a one-to-two optical fiber beam splitter and an acousto-optic modulator;
the seed laser is used for emitting narrow linewidth continuous laser;
the one-to-two optical fiber beam splitter is used for splitting the narrow-linewidth continuous laser, one part of the split narrow-linewidth continuous laser is output to the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler to be used as continuous local oscillator light, and the other part of the split narrow-linewidth continuous laser is output to the acousto-optic modulator to be used as seed light;
the acousto-optic modulator modulates and outputs the input seed light into pulse laser according to the received waveform output by the waveform driver, and outputs the pulse laser to the amplification laser;
the modulating and outputting of the input seed light to be pulse laser specifically comprises the following steps: according to the optical heterodyne detection principle, additional frequency shift quantity is generated for seed light to obtain pulse laser;
the amplifier stage laser includes: fiber amplifiers and fiber circulators;
the optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the passing pulse laser and transmitting the amplified pulse laser to the optical fiber circulator;
the optical fiber circulator is used as an optical transceiving switch and is used for splitting and isolating the received pulse laser and the backscattered echo optical signals of aerosol particles in the atmosphere;
the optical fiber circulator comprises three ports, wherein a first port is connected with the optical fiber amplifier, and a second port and a third port which are used as output ports of the amplification laser are respectively connected with the transceiver optical device and the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler; the pulse laser after energy amplification enters the optical fiber circulator from the first port, is output to the transceiver optical device from the second port, and enters the atmosphere from the transceiver optical device;
the transceiver optics include: the device comprises a beam expanding lens, a telescope, a wedge-shaped scanning lens and a scanning motor;
the beam expander is used for pre-expanding the pulse laser output by the optical fiber circulator;
the telescope is used for compressing the divergence angle of the pulse laser beam after passing through the beam expander;
the scanning motor is used for changing the projection angle of the emergent optical axis of the wedge-shaped mirror on the horizontal plane, so that the system can detect the pulse laser beams emitted by the wedge-shaped mirror on different azimuth angles;
the system also comprises a scanning motor driver, wherein the scanning motor driver is connected with the scanning motor, controls and reads the scanning angle of the pulse laser beam emitted by the transceiver optical device, and sends the scanning angle of the pulse laser beam emitted by the transceiver optical device to the industrial personal computer;
the system also comprises an electronic compass, and the system judges the azimuth angle of the scanning motor according to the azimuth angle of the electronic compass;
the beam expander is connected with the second port of the optical fiber circulator;
the optical axis of the beam expander is vertical to the horizontal plane and is superposed with the transmission direction of the pulse laser;
the optical axis of the telescope is superposed with the optical axis of the beam expander and is vertical to the horizontal plane;
the receiving and transmitting optical device is a receiving and transmitting coaxial optical system and is used for receiving backscattering echo optical signals of pulse laser output by aerosol particles in the atmosphere to the optical fiber circulator, outputting the backscattering echo optical signals to the optical fiber circulator and outputting the backscattering echo optical signals to the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler from a third port of the optical fiber circulator;
the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is a single-mode polarization-preserving equal-proportion output optical fiber, two input ends of the single-mode polarization-preserving equal-proportion output optical fiber are respectively connected with the main oscillation laser and the amplification laser, the continuous local oscillation light and the backscattering echo light signal are mixed in the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler to obtain a difference frequency signal of the backscattering echo light signal and the continuous local oscillation light, the difference frequency signal is output to the balanced detector in an equal proportion through an output port of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, and the balanced detector is used for converting the difference frequency signal of the backscattering echo light signal and the continuous local oscillation light into a difference frequency electric signal and outputting the difference frequency electric signal to the acquisition processing circuit;
the system transmits two beams of laser, wherein one beam is local oscillation light which is used for coherent detection; the other beam is pulse signal light modulated by an acousto-optic modulator, the pulse signal light is transmitted to the atmosphere through a telescope and a scanner, and a weak backscattering signal of aerosol particles is received by the telescope and then is subjected to coherent mixing with local oscillator light: the time for echo signals at different distances to reach a telescope system is different, the mixing signals contain intermediate-frequency signals which are easy to detect, the frequency of the intermediate-frequency signals is in direct proportion to the wind speed in the radial detection direction, the radial wind speeds in different directions are obtained through a scanning device, and three-dimensional wind field information is obtained by adopting a vector synthesis method;
the system also comprises an acquisition processing circuit, wherein the acquisition processing circuit is used for receiving the electric signal output by the balanced type detector;
the acquisition processing circuit comprises a signal processing FPGA chip, an algorithm for performing power spectrum analysis on the electric signal is embedded in the FPGA chip, and a power spectrum of the difference frequency signal is obtained, wherein:
transmitting pulses for multiple times in the same direction, then respectively carrying out power spectrum analysis on signals acquired after each transmission, accumulating and averaging the power spectrums to obtain signal frequency corresponding to a power peak value, wherein the frequency comprises Doppler frequency shift quantity, radial wind speed in the direction can be obtained according to the Doppler frequency shift quantity, and vector wind speed is obtained by detecting in different radial directions and then synthesizing;
the system also comprises a serial port switch module, and the serial port switch module is connected with the industrial personal computer;
when the system needs to work, a user remotely sends a work instruction through the Beidou communication module, and after the industrial personal computer receives the work instruction output by the Beidou communication module, the industrial personal computer respectively controls the waveform driver, the main oscillation laser, the amplification laser, the scanning motor driver, the balance detector, the acquisition processing circuit and the electronic compass to be powered on through the serial port switch module; when a scanning motor driver is powered on, automatically checking whether the scanning motor is at the position of an origin point, and if not, driving the scanning motor to rotate to the position of the origin point;
when the electronic compass is powered on, the industrial personal computer reads the azimuth angle of the current electronic compass, judges the azimuth angle corresponding to the current driving scanning motor origin angle and controls the scanning motor origin angle to rotate to the true north azimuth angle;
when the main oscillation laser is powered on, the industrial personal computer reads the pulse laser power output by the main oscillation laser, controls the amplification laser to work after waiting for stabilization, and controls the pulse laser output by the amplification laser through setting the driving current of the optical fiber amplifier;
the industrial personal computer reads the output pulse laser of the amplification laser, and controls the acquisition processing circuit to start working after the output pulse laser is stable; the acquisition processing circuit samples immediately after the amplification laser outputs pulse laser every time, the number of sampling points depends on the detection distance set by a user, and the number of sampling pulses at a single azimuth angle also depends on the setting of the user;
processing an electric signal which is acquired by a single pulse and contains Doppler frequency shift information by using an embedded spectrum analysis algorithm, averaging power spectrums of multi-pulse detection signals at the same azimuth angle, effectively suppressing noise by averaging the multi-pulse detection, and storing the average power spectrum and the current system azimuth angle in an industrial personal computer;
the industrial personal computer controls the scanning motor driver to drive the scanning motor to rotate, so that the emitted pulse laser can be detected at different azimuth angles, the three-dimensional wind field information is calculated by utilizing a vector synthesis algorithm of the three-dimensional wind field, and the three-dimensional wind field information is transmitted to a user through the Beidou communication module.
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| CN112764056B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-06-07 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Composite detection laser wind measuring radar with high-low altitude remote detection capability |
| CN113138291A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-07-20 | 绵阳镭创激光科技有限公司 | Laser wind finding radar system and wind finding method for coal mine |
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