CN107044940B - Consider the crushing test device of space constraint state - Google Patents
Consider the crushing test device of space constraint state Download PDFInfo
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- CN107044940B CN107044940B CN201710408354.3A CN201710408354A CN107044940B CN 107044940 B CN107044940 B CN 107044940B CN 201710408354 A CN201710408354 A CN 201710408354A CN 107044940 B CN107044940 B CN 107044940B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of crushing test devices for considering space constraint state, can more really reflect the constrained situation of particle test specimen in space, study granule partial restrained condition under restricted by three-dimensional space state status.Crushing test device provided by the present invention characterized by comprising peace turns support portion, comprising: upper installation unit, lower installation unit and support unit;Pressure unit is mounted on installation support portion, comprising: driving unit, forcing unit and sample placement unit;Longitude adjustment section, comprising: upper endless glide and lower endless glide;Orbit portion, comprising: annular trapped orbit and at least one semi-circular slidably track;Constriction is clamped, there is at least one clamping confining part, test specimen is constrained;Test department is connected with pressure unit, collects pressure and the displacement in course of exerting pressure that pressure unit applies test specimen, and handled, obtains corresponding test result.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to granular materials mechanics study fields, and in particular to one kind is having space law for measuring granular materials
To the crushing test device of situation broken when constraint.
Background technique
Particulate matter refers to discrete state substance system, be distinguished with continuous state substance (solid, fluid) it is another big
The Mechanics Phenomenon of physical form, granular system is more complicated than solid and fluid, cannot be again with biography due to the complexity of its Mechanics Phenomenon
The Solid Mechanics of system or hydromechanical research method characterize its mechanical characteristic, and another aspect Particle Breakage is inherently
One extremely complex process, the either criterion of Particle Breakage or broken fragmentation status are at present all without unified
Conclusion.Due to the heterogeneity of granular materials structure, each circumgranular particle composition, volume fraction and ligancy etc. are each
Not identical, peripheral granule is different to restrained condition provided by particle and degree, causes particle internal stress distribution complicated
And it is changeable, there is large effect to Particle Breakage.A large amount of numerical experiments and physical test discovery, particle and neighboring particles
Contact environment determine restrained condition locating for particle, the difference of restrained condition leads to the broken form and breaking strength of particle
Change different.Thus be in contact with the neighboring particles change of the factors such as the contact number to be formed and contact position of particle enables to
Greatly variation occurs for the crushing behavior of particle.
The numerous scholars of recent domestic have carried out going deep into experimental and theoretical study to the crushing behavior of particle.
Tsoungui in 1999 etc. proposes particle stretch failure criteria for the Particles in Two Dimensions under the distribution of random contact power, recognizes
Two groups of orthogonal equivalent opposite forces, and the stone by preparing several unified sizes can be equivalent to act on the complicated contact force of particle
Cream disk model has carried out physical verification.
McDowell and Amon in 2000 etc. tests the breaking strength Follow Weibull point for proposing particle by radial loaded
Cloth, such research reflect Fracture law of particle in the case where two contact points, but can not illustrate complicated contact distribution
Influence to Particle Breakage;McDowell and Lim in 2007 is on the basis of this theory, the average coordination for the particle that begins one's study
The influence of several pairs of aggregates body intensity.
Russell's etc. research shows that it is more than caused by threshold value that Particle Breakage, which is mainly maximum unilateral force,;Ben- in 2010
Nun and Einav is established according to the research of Tsoungui and Sukumaran can be with the two dimension of definitions particles shear fails criterion
Particle Breakage threshold model introduces influence of the particle coordination number to contact force threshold value under two-dimensional surface restraint condition, but three-dimensional
The more of complexity are wanted in circumgranular contact under space constraint state status.
Wang in 2016 etc. is using the broken of spheric granules of the discrete unit numerical simulation with different ligancies
Behavior, and obtain Particle Breakage intensity and the linear rule of ligancy.
Under study two-dimensional planar environment when influence of the particle coordination number to contact force threshold value, Salami etc. is in universal material
It has installed a particle clamping device on testing machine (MTS) additional, by adjusting the quantity and angle of fixture, has carried out under different situations
Particle Breakage test.The device Preliminary experiment results show the distribution of ligancy and contact point it is broken to Particles in Two Dimensions have it is important
It influences.
Although the broken numerically modeling of existing related Particles in Two Dimensions achieves certain achievement, in a practical situation
Grain can not often only exist in two-dimensional surface constrained state.It is quasi- for judgement of the three dimensional particles local restriction state to power at present
The research that contact force threshold influences in then is extremely rare, more not specifically for granule partial under restricted by three-dimensional space state status
The experimental rig of restrained condition research.Therefore carry out and to be ground for granule partial restrained condition under restricted by three-dimensional space state status
Study carefully most important.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to carry out in order to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of consideration restricted by three-dimensional space state
Crushing test device, can more really reflect the constrained situation of particle in space, to restricted by three-dimensional space state
In the case of granule partial restrained condition studied.
The present invention to achieve the goals above, uses following scheme.
The present invention provides a kind of crushing test device for considering space constraint state characterized by comprising installation support
Portion, comprising: upper installation unit, lower installation unit and the support unit between upper installation unit and lower installation unit;Pressure
Portion is mounted on installation support portion, comprising: driving unit, the forcing unit being connected with the driving unit and for placing
The sample placement unit of test specimen, forcing unit and sample placement unit between upper installation unit and lower installation unit,
And it is mutually arranged oppositely, driving unit driving forcing unit, which moves back and forth, applies pressure to test specimen;Longitude adjustment section, tool
Have: the upper endless glide and lower endless glide being arranged respectively around forcing unit and sample placement unit;Orbit portion, comprising: ring
Slidably track, annular trapped orbit are arranged around sample placement unit for shape trapped orbit and at least one semi-circular, and on
Lower both ends are separately fixed in endless glide and lower endless glide, the semi-circular slidably upper sliding end of track and downslide moved end
It is removably attached in endless glide and lower endless glide respectively;Constriction is clamped, there is at least one clamping constraint structure
Part, each clamping confining part have a clamping end and a restrained end, and clamping end is fixed on annular trapped orbit or half
On the track of annular slidable track, restrained end constrains the test specimen towards simultaneously contact test sample;Test department,
It is connected with pressure unit, collects the pressure and the displacement in course of exerting pressure that pressure unit applies test specimen, and handled, obtain
To corresponding test result, wherein under the semi-circular slidably loose situation of track, upper sliding end and downslide moved end can
Respectively along upper endless glide and the sliding of lower endless glide so as to adjust the longitude of semi-circular slidably track, structure is constrained in clamping
In the loose situation in the clamping end of part, clamping end can be slid along the track so as to adjust the latitude of clamping confining part.
The crushing test device according to the present invention for considering space constraint state, can also have the following features: branch
Supportting unit is the support rod that upper installation unit and lower installation unit surrounding is arranged in.
The crushing test device according to the present invention for considering space constraint state, can also have the following features: drive
Moving cell uses hydraulic-driven, and forcing unit is piston, sample placement unit be it is opposite with piston to cylindrical shape support.
The crushing test device according to the present invention for considering space constraint state, can also have the following features:
Endless glide and lower endless glide are all the annular flange dish that periphery is equipped with a circle sliding rail.
The crushing test device according to the present invention for considering space constraint state, can also have the following features: about
The top of Shu Duan is cone shape.
The action and effect of invention
(1) the present invention provides a kind of for measuring the test dress of granular materials broken situation when there is space Normal Constraint
It sets, which can not only measure in the case of two-dimensional surface restrained condition granule partial restrained condition to the shadow of Particle Breakage situation
It rings, influence of the granule partial restrained condition to Particle Breakage situation under restricted by three-dimensional space state status can also be measured.
(2) experimental rig provided by the present invention can need to install or remove clamping device according to research, be applied with realizing
Add the restraint condition of different constraint angles and different constraint numbers.
(3) experimental rig installing and dismounting provided by the present invention is simple, at low cost, convenient for safeguarding.
(4) experimental rig provided by the present invention can preferably simulate physical constraint situation suffered by particle, be conducive to
The development of physical test in granular materials mechanics field may advantageously facilitate granular materials mechanical meaurement technology, be also beneficial to simultaneously
Progradation is played to the development of particle Computational Mechanics.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of crushing test device involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial structure diagram one of crushing test device involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the partial structure diagram two of crushing test device involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 (a) is longitude adjustment section, orbit portion involved in the embodiment of the present invention and the structural representation for clamping constriction
Figure, Fig. 4 (b) are the structural schematic diagrams of the slidably track of semi-circular involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the restrained condition schematic diagram of test specimen involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram one in the embodiment of the present invention to carry out crushing test installation crushing test device;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram two in the embodiment of the present invention to carry out crushing test installation crushing test device;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram three in the embodiment of the present invention to carry out crushing test installation crushing test device;
Fig. 9 is the shattering process schematic diagram of test specimen in crushing test involved in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is
Sample is not up to state diagram when broken critical value, state diagram when (b) starting cracked for sample, (c) is to split on sample
Line starts state diagram when extension, (d) occurs state diagram when macroscopic cracking for sample;And
Figure 10 is the contact force of test specimen obtained in the embodiment of the present invention and the graph of relation of load deflection.
Specific embodiment
The crushing test device according to the present invention for considering space constraint state is elaborated referring to the drawings.
The part not elaborated in following embodiment belongs to the prior art.
<embodiment>
As shown in Figure 1, crushing test device 10 includes: installation support portion 20, pressure unit 30, longitude adjustment section 40, track
Portion 50, clamping constriction 60 and test department 70.
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, installation support portion 20 includes installation unit 21, lower installation unit 22 and is located at upper installation list
Support unit 23 between member 21 and lower installation unit 22.In the present embodiment, upper installation unit 21 and lower installation unit 22 are all
Rectangular-shape, support unit 23 are the support rod 23a erected at 22 4 angles of upper installation unit 21 and lower installation unit.
Pressure unit 30 be mounted on installation support portion 20 on, it include driving unit (not shown), forcing unit 31,
And sample placement unit 32.Driving unit is mounted in installation unit 21, to guarantee pressurised driving process stable drive, holding
Loading capability is big, can stepless speed regulation, convenient for control, using hydraulic-driven in the present embodiment.Forcing unit 31 is located at upper peace
21 lower section of unit is filled, it is connected with the driving unit, is moved up and down by driving, thus on sample placement unit 32
Test specimen M applies specified pressure, and in the present embodiment, forcing unit 31 is piston, and the head of piston is load plate, with test
The top of sample M directly contacts.Sample placement unit 32 is fixed on lower installation unit 22, be cylindrical shape support, it with
The force surface of forcing unit 31 is mutually arranged oppositely, and upper surface is as placed side for placing test specimen M.
As shown in Figures 2 to 4, longitude adjustment section 40 includes upper endless glide 41 and lower endless glide 42.Upper endless glide 41
It is arranged around forcing unit 31, the annular flange dish of a circle sliding rail 41a is equipped with for periphery.Lower endless glide 42 is placed around sample
Unit 32 is arranged, and the annular flange dish of a circle sliding rail 42a is equipped with for periphery.
As shown in figure 4, orbit portion 50 includes annular trapped orbit 51 and multiple semi-circulars slidably track 52.Annular is fixed
Track 51 is annulus shape, is arranged around sample placement unit 32, the track 51a with sliding slot, and it are offered in the middle part of it
Upper and lower ends be separately fixed in endless glide 41 and lower endless glide 42.Slidably track 52 is semicircular arc to semi-circular
Shape, the sliding rail of its upper sliding end and downslide moved end respectively with upper endless glide 41 and lower endless glide 42 match, Neng Goufen
It is not slided along sliding rail 41a and sliding rail 42a so as to adjust longitude locating for semi-circular slidably track 42, is being adjusted to conjunction
After suitable longitude, upper sliding end and downslide moved end can be fixed on by track fixing threaded hole and bolt by upper 41 He of endless glide
In lower endless glide 42, to make semi-circular, slidably track 42 is fixed at the longitude, in addition, semi-circular slidably track 52
Middle part also offer the track 52a with sliding slot.
It is installed in orbit portion 50, the test specimen M placed on sample placement unit 32 is in annular trapped orbit
51 and multiple semi-circulars spherosome that slidably track 52 is surrounded the centre of sphere.
Clamping constriction 60 has multiple clamping confining parts 61, and each clamping confining part 61 has a clamping end
The track of 61a and restrained end 61b, clamping end 61a and annular trapped orbit 51 and semi-circular slidably track 52 matches,
It can slide along the track so as to adjust latitude locating for clamping confining part 61, adjust to suitable latitude, passing through rail
Road fixing threaded hole and bolt can be fixed in orbit by clamping end 61a, so that clamping confining part 61 be made to be fixed on the latitude
Place, restrained end 61b is towards test specimen M, its top is cone shape, and nib contacts test specimen M, to the test
Sample M is constrained.
Test department 70 is connected with pressure unit 30, and control pressure unit 30 carries out pressure-loaded, and collects 30 pairs of pressure unit examinations
Test sample M pressure applied data and in course of exerting pressure forcing unit 31 displacement data, and to these data at
Reason, obtains corresponding test result.
In the present embodiment, the semi-circular installed slidably the number of track 52 and clamping confining part 61 number,
And the adjustment of longitude and latitude is all according to test specimen M(spherical particle) required for constraint condition (ligancy) come really
It is fixed, i.e., according to the number of constraint and position determine, specifically:
If test specimen M only by the constraint of top and bottom if do not need installation semi-circular slidably track 52, such as
Fruit test specimen M in addition to the constraint by top and bottom also by other constraints, but the longitude between other constraints it
Difference (that is, overlook test specimen M when, test specimen M institute it is constrained between central angle) be 0 ° or 180 ° when do not need to install yet
Semi-circular slidably track 52.Longitude in other situations between the constraint according to suffered by particle difference (that is, overlook granular
When product, particle it is constrained between central angle), determination need to install the semi-circular slidably quantity of track 52 and position.
If it is an only constraint under same longitude that test specimen M, which needs the case where simulating, corresponding with the longitude
Track above a clamping confining part 61 is only installed, if test specimen M need the case where simulating be same longitude under have
Multiple constraints then need to install the clamping confining part 61 of corresponding number on track corresponding with the longitude;Further according to examination
The latitude (that is, angle of each constraint and the particle equatorial plane) between constraint suffered by sample M is tested, it will be on each track
The rotation of clamping confining part 61 in face is to identical latitude (that is, each the clamping confining part 61 and test specimen M equatorial plane
Angle).
Concrete operations below by taking the spherical particle sample of 5 ligancies is tested as an example, to crushing test device 10
Journey is described in detail.
The diameter of spherical particle sample employed in test is 60mm.As shown in figure 5, the constraint met required for particle
Condition are as follows: five obligatory points, arranging No. 3 obligatory point longitudes is 0 ° (and 360 °), and direction of rotation counterclockwise viewed from above is
The augment direction of longitude;The maximum gauge circle being parallel to the horizontal plane is equator (latitude be 0 °), upward latitude be positive (it is maximum+
90 °), be negative downwards (minimum -90 °);Then the corresponding longitude and latitude of No. 1 obligatory point is (0 ° of longitude ,+90 ° of latitude), No. 2 constraints
The corresponding longitude and latitude of point is (0 ° of longitude, -90 ° of latitude);The corresponding longitude and latitude of No. 3 obligatory points is (0 ° of longitude, 0 ° of latitude);No. 4
The corresponding longitude and latitude of obligatory point is (150 ° of longitude ,+60 ° of latitude);The corresponding longitude and latitude of No. 5 obligatory points be (200 ° of longitude, latitude
+ 80 °).
According to constraints above condition, specific operation process is tested are as follows:
Firstly, installation annular is solid as shown in fig. 6, test specimen M, that is, granular materials is placed on above sample placement unit 32
Orbit determination road 51 is simultaneously fixed.
Then, according to particle confinement situation shown in fig. 5, (laboratory sample particle is in addition to the constraint by top and bottom
Also by other constraints, but the difference of the longitude between other constraints is not also 0 or 180 degree, needs to install slidably track),
Installing 2 semi-circulars, slidably track 52(is as shown in Figure 7).
Then, restraint condition according to figure 5, installs 3 clamping confining parts 61, is allowed to be in contact with particle.This
In, clamping confining part 61,4 that No. 3 obligatory points correspond on annular trapped orbit 51 and No. 5 obligatory points are respectively corresponded two
A semi-circular slidably clamping confining part 61 above track 52.Latitude between the constraint according to suffered by particle is (that is, every
The angle of one constraint and the particle equatorial plane), by the rotation of clamping confining part 61 above each track to corresponding latitude
After (that is, angle of each clamping confining part 61 and the particle equatorial plane), tightening nut is fixed in orbit (such as Fig. 8 institute
Show).
Then, the displacement of the application of pressure unit 30 at the uniform velocity is controlled in top-loaded plate, to apply to particle by test department 70
Add the pressure of vertical direction, shown in the gradually distortion process of particle under pressure such as Fig. 9 (a) to (d): particle is initially adding
During load, stress is focused primarily upon near each obligatory point, particle when being crushed critical value as shown in Fig. 9 to be not up to
State;With the progress of load, particle surface as shown in Figure 9 (b) starts the crackle for occurring gradually being carried out by each constraint position,
With the continuation of load, crackle as shown in Figure 9 (c) constantly extends, and then, the partial crack as shown in Fig. 9 (d) is mutually communicated to be formed
Macrocrack, while there are localized cracks in obligatory point near zone.The pressure and forcing unit of load are collected by test department 70
31 two class data of displacement data, and carry out processing analysis, obtain the contact force of particle and upper load plate as shown in Figure 10 with
The graph of relation of load deflection, the peak load in curve are the Particle Breakage threshold value under the constraint condition.
To sum up, crushing test device 10 through the invention, the particle that can get under Arbitrary 3 D space constraint state are broken
Broken threshold value, and then the relationship between the breaking strength and broken form and restrained condition of research particle.
Above embodiments are only the illustration done to technical solution of the present invention.Consideration space according to the present invention
The crushing test device of restrained condition is not merely defined in described structure in the embodiment above, but with claim
Subject to limited range.Any modify or supplement that those skilled in the art of the invention are done on the basis of the embodiment
Or equivalence replacement, all in scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of crushing test device for considering space constraint state characterized by comprising
Support portion is installed, comprising: go up installation unit, lower installation unit and be located at the upper installation unit and the lower installation unit
Between support unit;
Pressure unit is mounted on the installation support portion, comprising: driving unit, the forcing unit being connected with the driving unit
And the sample placement unit for placing test specimen, the forcing unit and the sample placement unit are located at the upper peace
It is arranged oppositely between dress unit and the lower installation unit and mutually, the driving unit drives the forcing unit to move back
It is dynamic that pressure is applied to the test specimen;
Longitude adjustment section, comprising: the upper endless glide that is arranged respectively around the forcing unit and the sample placement unit and
Lower endless glide;
Orbit portion, comprising: slidably track, the annular trapped orbit surround institute for annular trapped orbit and at least one semi-circular
The setting of sample placement unit is stated, and upper and lower ends are separately fixed in the upper endless glide and the lower endless glide, institute
Stating semi-circular, slidably the upper sliding end of track and downslide moved end are removably attached to the upper endless glide and described respectively
In lower endless glide;
Constriction is clamped, there is at least one clamping confining part, each clamping confining part has a clamping end
With a restrained end, the clamping end is fixed on the annular trapped orbit or the semi-circular slidably on the track of track,
The restrained end direction simultaneously contacts the test specimen, constrains the test specimen;
Test department is connected with the pressure unit, collects pressure and pressing that the pressure unit applies the test specimen
Displacement in journey, and handled, corresponding test result is obtained,
Wherein, under the semi-circular slidably loose situation of track, the upper sliding end and the downslide moved end can
Respectively along the upper endless glide and lower endless glide sliding so as to adjust the longitude of the semi-circular slidably track,
It is described clamping confining part the loose situation in clamping end under, the clamping end can along the track slide from
And adjust the latitude of the clamping confining part.
2. the crushing test device according to claim 1 for considering space constraint state, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, the support unit is the support rod that the upper installation unit and the lower installation unit surrounding is arranged in.
3. the crushing test device according to claim 1 for considering space constraint state, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, the driving unit use hydraulic-driven, the forcing unit be piston, the sample placement unit be with it is described
Piston it is opposite to cylindrical shape support.
4. the crushing test device according to claim 1 for considering space constraint state, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, the upper endless glide and the lower endless glide are all the annular flange dish that periphery is equipped with a circle sliding rail.
5. the crushing test device according to claim 1 for considering space constraint state, it is characterised in that:
Wherein, the top of the restrained end is cone shape.
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CN107389454B (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2023-06-16 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Composite fracture test device suitable for test pieces with various shapes and sizes |
CN112198050B (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-07-12 | 清华大学 | Multi-axis loading testing machine |
CN114216820B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2024-03-19 | 青岛理工大学 | Device and method for identifying internal force chain of three-dimensional particle system |
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CN203732360U (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-07-23 | 聊城大学 | Clamping device for detection of football rebound rate of football field |
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CN85101331A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-01-10 | 曼内斯曼公司 | The instrument of check pipe on tubing test pressure machine |
CN203732360U (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-07-23 | 聊城大学 | Clamping device for detection of football rebound rate of football field |
CN104819893A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-05 | 沈阳工业大学 | Fixture of hemispherical concrete tensile test piece |
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《The effects of the coordination on the fragmentation of a single grain》;Salami Y. et al.;《International Symposium on Geohazards and Geomechanics (ISGG2015)》;20150909;第26卷;第012015:1-9页 |
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