CN107044865A - A kind of minimum pressure drop speed decision method based on electrostatic signal approximate entropy - Google Patents
A kind of minimum pressure drop speed decision method based on electrostatic signal approximate entropy Download PDFInfo
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- CN107044865A CN107044865A CN201611153621.9A CN201611153621A CN107044865A CN 107044865 A CN107044865 A CN 107044865A CN 201611153621 A CN201611153621 A CN 201611153621A CN 107044865 A CN107044865 A CN 107044865A
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- approximate entropy
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of minimum pressure drop speed decision method based on electrostatic signal approximate entropy, minimum pressure drop speed for measuring Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid in horizontal pipe, four electrode electrostatic transducers include 4 arc-shaped electrodes being fixed on inside horizontal pipe, with 14 numeral mark, pipeline section circumference upside, right side, downside and left side are in turn secured to, decision method is as follows：Under different solid phase mass flow conditions, the electrostatic signal of corresponding four electrodes of the different superficial gas velocities of collection is filtered processing to electrostatic signal using wavelet transformation, filters out HF noise signal；For the electrostatic signal of four electrodes handled after filtering, respective approximate entropy is calculated respectively, and 1~No. 4 electrode corresponds to approximate entropy E respectively1, E2, E3And E4；Approximate entropy corresponding to 1,2 and No. 4 three electrode is averaging Emean；Calculate EmeanApproximate entropy E corresponding with No. 3 electrodes3Relative difference, when its is maximum corresponding superficial gas velocity be minimum pressure drop speed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid detection technique field, more particularly to a kind of horizontal pipe Geldart-D particle minimum pressure drop
Speed decision method.
Background technology
Geldart-D particle is more and more applied in industrial circle and sphere of life.Minimum pressure drop speed is Geldart-D particle
A key parameter in system design, is the minimum boundary condition [1] for maintaining conveying stability.Due to inside pipeline along with
Interaction between particle-gas, pellet-pellet and particle-tube wall so that process of pneumatic transmission is one sufficiently complex
Turbulent flow processes [2].Existing model [3-5] is all based on what empirical equation was drawn, and these models are suitable only for researcher certainly
Oneself experimental data, and without transplantability.In addition, the pressure signal in pipeline is changed over time, and current model
It is all based on static pressure depreciation.
The different qualities having by analyzing near minimum pressure drop speed different flow patterns can be with indirect judgement minimum pressure drop
Speed.Hui Li have found that larger root mean square appears in signal height during suspended state with wavelet multi_resolution analysis technique study
Frequency part, rather than root mean square larger during suspended state appear in the low frequency part [6] of signal.Klinzing uses energy spectral method
Pressure signal is analyzed, pressure signal has a very high frequency and relatively low amplitude when drawing suspension flow, and master during laminar flow
The frequency wanted appears in 0Hz nearby and with very big amplitude [7].These methods provide for the accurate judgement of minimum pressure drop speed
May, but the Pressure Fluctuation Signal major embodiment integrality of pressure position pipeline, for horizontal pipe, due to gravity
Effect, the different flow pattern condition near minimum pressure drop speed can produce different flow regimes in pipeline section different zones, it
Relationship characteristic relatively reliable foundation may be provided for the determination of minimum pressure drop speed.
Non-intrusion type electrostatic transducer has the advantages that simple in construction, sensitivity is high, is widely used in Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid
Detection in [8-10].Electrostatic signal how is handled and analyzed, and effectively judges Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid minimum pressure drop speed, to quiet
Electro-detection proposes new challenge.
Bibliography
[1]Jama G A,Klinzing G E,Rizk F.An investigation of the prevailing
flow patterns and pressure fluctuation near the pressure minimum and unstable
conveying zone of pneumatic transport systems[J].Powder Technology,2000,112
(1/2):87-93.
[2]Herbreteau C,Bouard R.Experimental study of parameters which
influence the energy minimum in horizontal gas—solid conveying[J].Powder
Technology,2000,112(3):213-220.
[3]R.D.Marcus,L.S.Leung,G.E.Klinzing,et al.Pneumatic Conveying of
Solids:A Theoretical and Practical Approach[J].Drying Technology,1993,11(4):
859-860.
[4]Dhodapkar S V,Klinzing G E.Pressure fluctuations in pneumatic
conveying systems[J].Powder Technology,1993,74(2):179-195..
[5]M.G.JONES,K.C.WILLIAMS.Solids Friction Factors for Fluidized
Dense-Phase Conveying[J].Particulate Science&Technology,2003,21(1):45-56.
[6]Hui L.Application of wavelet multi-resolution analysis to pressure
fluctuations of gas–solid two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe[J].Powder
Technology,2002,125(125):61-73.
[7]GREGORY A.JAMA,GEORGE E.KLINZING,FARID RIZK.Analysis of unstable
behavior of pneumatic conveying systems[J].Particulate Science&Technology,
1999,17(1):43-68.
[8]Ma J,Yan Y.Design and evaluation of electrostatic sensors for the
measurement of velocity of pneumatically conveyed solids[J].Flow Measurement&
Instrumentation,2000,11(3):195-204.
[9]Zhang W,Wang C,Wang Y.Parameter Selection in Cross-Correlation-
Based Velocimetry Using Circular Electrostatic Sensors[J].Instrumentation&
Measurement IEEE Transactions on,2010,59(5):1268-1275.
[10]Xu C,Zhou B,Yang D,et al.Velocity measurement of pneumatically
conveyed solid particles using an electrostatic sensor[J].Measurement
Science&Technology,2008,19(2):211-218.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of that there is provided a kind of 4 electrodes based on electrostatic signal approximate entropy in prior art
Electrostatic transducer horizontal pipe Geldart-D particle minimum pressure drop speed decision method.Therefore, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of minimum pressure drop speed decision method based on electrostatic signal approximate entropy, for measuring gas-solid two in horizontal pipe
The mutually minimum pressure drop speed of stream, the detection means used by four electrode electrostatic transducers, four same modulate circuits, one
Data acquisition module and host computer composition.4 electrode electrostatic transducers include 4 arc electricity being fixed on inside horizontal pipe
Pole, with 1-4 numeral mark, is in turn secured to pipeline section circumference upside, right side, downside and left side, each arc-shaped electrode connects
Connect a modulate circuit；Host computer is input to by the signal of modulate circuit by data acquisition module to analyze and process, pneumatic transporting
Send the detecting step of minimum pressure drop speed as follows：
(1) under different solid phase mass flow conditions, the electrostatic signal of corresponding four electrodes of the different superficial gas velocities of collection,
Processing is filtered to electrostatic signal using wavelet transformation, HF noise signal is filtered out；
(2) for the electrostatic signal of four electrodes handled after filtering, respective approximate entropy, 1~No. 4 are calculated respectively
Electrode corresponds to approximate entropy E respectively1, E2, E3And E4；
(3) approximate entropy corresponding to 1,2 and No. 4 three electrode is averaging Emean；
(4) E is calculatedmeanApproximate entropy E corresponding with No. 3 electrodes3Relative difference, be designated as relative approximate entropy Ed, EdIt is maximum
When corresponding superficial gas velocity be minimum pressure drop speed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, horizontal pipe Geldart-D particle minimum pressure drop detecting system schematic diagram；
Fig. 2, four electrode electrostatic transducer structural representations；
Fig. 3, the Geldart-D particle minimum pressure drop velocity measuring flow chart based on approximate entropy；
Reference is as follows：
1st, horizontal pipe；2nd, left electrodes；3rd, side electrode；4th, right electrodes；5th, lower lateral electrode；6 modulate circuits；7th, number
According to acquisition module；8th, insulating barrier；9th, arc-shaped electrode group；10th, flange
Specific implementation method
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to Fig. 1, detection means includes 4 electrode electrostatic transducer 2-5, four same modulate circuits 6, a numbers
Constituted according to acquisition module 7 and host computer.Referring to Fig. 2, electrostatic transducer is by pipe insulation 8, the electric level group 9 of arc, shielded-plate tube
Wall 1 and flange 10 are constituted；Sensor internal diameter is 50mm, in electrode sections, respectively there is 4 arc-shaped electrodes, is marked with 1-4 numeral
Note, is respectively arranged in pipeline section circumference upside, right side, downside and left side, and electrode width is 6mm, and radian is 60 degree；Signal is adjusted
Reason circuit is used to electrostatic transducer signal being filtered amplification；Inputted by the signal of modulate circuit by data acquisition module
To host computer analyzing and processing；Host computer is responsible for the 4 road signals that calculating processing is collected.
The determination step of minimum pressure drop speed is as follows：
(1) processing is filtered to electrostatic signal using wavelet transformation
Under different solid phase mass flow conditions, the electrostatic signal of corresponding 4 electrodes of the different superficial gas velocities of collection.Utilize
Wavelet transformation is filtered processing to electrostatic signal, 4 layers of decomposition is carried out to electrostatic signal using " db3 " wavelet basis, and reconstruct
Below 1000Hz signal, so as to filter out more than 1000Hz noise signal.
(2) the approximate entropy of the electrostatic signal of four electrodes is calculated
The approximate entropy of the electrostatic signal of four electrodes is calculated respectively, and 1~No. 4 electrode corresponds to approximate entropy E respectively1, E2,
E3And E4。
The electrostatic signal data { x (i) } for taking a segment length to be N, are reconstructed into the signal (general m selections 2) of m dimensions, its vector y
(i) it is expressed as
Y (i)=x (i), x (i+1), x (i+2) ..., x (i+m-1) } 1≤i≤N-m+1 (1)
In formula, m is referred to as length of window.D [y (i), y (j)] is defined as the ultimate range between each vector, is
To single vector sequence { y (i) } (i≤N-m+1), definition
In formula, and B [y (j) | (r is typically chosen the standard of 0.1~0.2 times of signal to d [y (i), y (j)]≤r y (j) number
Difference)；What is represented is to be in length of window in the case that m, allowable deviation are r, centered on y (i), d [y (i), y (j)]
Probability less than r, this shows whole y (j) (j ≠ i) and y (i) correlation degree, namely represents sequence { y (j) } rule
The degree of property.Order
In formula, Φm(r) the average autocorrelation degree of sequence { y (j) } is represented.M is bigger, and the state point of phase space is diluter,
Corresponding association chance is smaller, thusAnd Φm(r) all reduce with m increase, to Φm(r) deviation can be used down
Formula is represented：
To different signals, very big difference occurs in the result of formula (5).White noise is uniformly each full of phase space
Dimension,Less, but ΦmVery little, increases with m, Φm(r)-Φm+1(r)→∞.But for the signal of rule, when m is increased to
After certain degree, Φm(r) do not increase in the increase with m,Close to 0.Thus Φm(r)-Φm+1(r) it can portray
The degree of randomness of system, approximate entropy E is defined as
E=Φm(r)-Φm+1(r) (6)
(3) the minimum pressure drop speed decision method based on approximate entropy
Approximate entropy corresponding to 1,2 and No. 4 three electrode is averaging Emean
Emean=(E1+E2+E4)/3 (7)
Calculate EmeanApproximate entropy E corresponding with No. 3 electrodes3Relative difference, be designated as relative approximate entropy Ed
Approximate entropy difference EdCorresponding superficial gas velocity is minimum pressure drop speed when maximum.
The corresponding relatively approximate entropy of difference superficial gas velocity under three kinds of solid phase mass flows is calculated, as shown in table 1.
The corresponding relatively approximate entropy of difference superficial gas velocity under 1 three kinds of solid phase mass flows of table
When transporting velocity reaches minimum pressure drop speed, solid phase crushing and gas phase crushing sum reach minimum, are now disorderly
The minimum suspension flowing of mobility, the confusion degree of flowing is minimum.The size of approximate entropy represents the complicated journey of flowing in pipeline
Degree, therefore electrostatic signal represents confusion degree smallest point in pipeline with respect to the maximum of approximate entropy, has phase with minimum pressure drop speed
Same effect.Set up following mathematical modeling:
V in formulampIt is minimum pressure drop speed,It is electrostatic signal superficial gas velocity corresponding with respect to approximate entropy maximum, by
Knowable to table 1, the approximate entropy of the lower lateral electrode electrostatic signal of tri- kinds of mass of solid particles flows of 120kg/h, 100kg/h, 80kg/h
Corresponding superficial gas velocity is respectively 9.88m/s, 9.62m/s, 9.20m/s.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of minimum pressure drop speed decision method based on electrostatic signal approximate entropy, for measuring gas-particle two-phase in horizontal pipe
The minimum pressure drop speed of stream, the detection means used is by four electrode electrostatic transducers, four same modulate circuits, a numbers
Constituted according to acquisition module and host computer.4 electrode electrostatic transducers include 4 arc-shaped electrodes being fixed on inside horizontal pipe,
With 1-4 numeral mark, pipeline section circumference upside, right side, downside and left side, each arc-shaped electrode connection one are in turn secured to
Individual modulate circuit；Host computer is input to by the signal of modulate circuit by data acquisition module to analyze and process.Geldart-D particle is most
The detecting step of small pressure drop rate is as follows：
(1) under different solid phase mass flow conditions, the electrostatic signal of corresponding four electrodes of the different superficial gas velocities of collection is utilized
Wavelet transformation is filtered processing to electrostatic signal, filters out HF noise signal；
(2) for the electrostatic signal of four electrodes handled after filtering, respective approximate entropy, 1~No. 4 electrode are calculated respectively
Approximate entropy E is corresponded to respectively1, E2, E3And E4；
(3) approximate entropy corresponding to 1,2 and No. 4 three electrode is averaging Emean；
(4) E is calculatedmeanApproximate entropy E corresponding with No. 3 electrodes3Relative difference, be designated as relative approximate entropy Ed, EdWhen maximum pair
The superficial gas velocity answered is minimum pressure drop speed.
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| CN103499516A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-08 | 东南大学 | Detection method and detection device for flowing conditions of pulverized coal conveyed in high pressure dense phase pneumatic mode |
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| CN106052744A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-10-26 | 天津大学 | Pipeline pneumatic transmission minimum pressure drop speed determination method based on electrostatic sensor |
-
2016
- 2016-12-14 CN CN201611153621.9A patent/CN107044865B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
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| CN1409100A (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-09 | 上海电力学院 | Spectrum-chromatographic identification method for gas/solid two phase flow pattern in pipe |
| JP2003344363A (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-12-03 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method of judging flow pattern of vapor-liquid two-phase flow |
| CN101173865A (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2008-05-07 | 清华大学 | Device and method for measuring gas-solid diphasic stream parameter in square pneumatic conveying pipe |
| CN102608350A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-07-25 | 天津大学 | Method and device for detecting gas-solid two-phase flow velocity distribution by multielectrode electrostatic method |
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