CN107044094A - A kind of tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method and its structure - Google Patents
A kind of tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method and its structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107044094A CN107044094A CN201710392809.7A CN201710392809A CN107044094A CN 107044094 A CN107044094 A CN 107044094A CN 201710392809 A CN201710392809 A CN 201710392809A CN 107044094 A CN107044094 A CN 107044094A
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- shock
- high intensity
- ceiling
- absorbing energy
- rockfall
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
- E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method and its structure, comprise the following steps that：Step one, when rock-fall impact energy is small, falling rocks is guided to traffic route both sides by high intensity rigidity ceiling；Step 2, when rock-fall impact energy is medium, impact energy is passed to shock-absorbing energy dissipator by high intensity rigidity ceiling, while falling rocks is guided into traffic route both sides；Step 3, when rock-fall impact energy is big, high intensity rigidity ceiling occurs slight plastic deformation and transfers energy to shock-absorbing energy dissipator simultaneously, and shock-absorbing energy dissipator produces compression and realizes protective action.The safeguard structure body of the tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method, including the rigid ceiling of high intensity, shock-absorbing energy dissipator, supporting construction and permanent anchoring base.This method realizes multistage protection in the way of " avoidance ", " energy dissipating " and " guiding " acts synergistically, with obvious flexibility, applicability, economy and feature of environmental protection feature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering construction field and tunnel face rockfall prevention and cure project field, specifically a kind of tunnel face danger
Rock falling rocks multistage protection method and its structure.
Background technology
With the continuous propulsion of strategy to develop western regions plan, the communication in west area flourishes.China is western
Area is mountain ridge weight mound area, and physical features is dangerously steep, mountain region is densely distributed, and rockfall hazards take place frequently constantly in recent years, in Yichang-Wanzhou Railway, Shanghai
While the Larger Engineering Projects such as the western highway of Rong, transfering natural gas from the west to the east are carried out, Human dried bloodstains induce falling rocks Disaster Event repeatly
Occur repeatly, influence of the falling rocks to traffic fortress is innumerable during " 512 " earthquake, 2003-2005 year's harvest elder brother's railway diseases
In the improvement stage, in 11 rockfall Disease Treatments, it is in tunnel face to have five.So, traffic lines are built in area herein
Road, tunnel can be the key project in building, and tunnel line is maintained on the premise of ring Geological and Ecological Environment is not broken as far as possible
Safe operation, tunnel portal section rockfall is the problem of having to solve to the security threat of circuit.Tunnel face rockfall
Safeguard procedures should possess following functions：1. the destruction to original landforms is reduced；2. it is convenient to construct；Economy is notable；4. prevent
Protect effect to protrude, security and durability are high；5. later stage dimension, which is supported, changes convenient；6. conservation of nature ecological environment, reaches that the mankind send out
Exhibition and the harmony of natural environment.
Mainly there is following several method currently for the protection of rockfall：
First, brush slope.Brush slope refers to using manually or mechanically being put down to the inclined surface of the side slopes such as road, Large Foundation Pit
The method of whole processing, this method is simple to operate and with certain aesthetic, but substantial amounts of brush slope can destroy original ecology
Environment, the feature of environmental protection is poor, and may trigger more serious secondary disaster, and security is relatively low.
Second, active/passive net, active protecting net refers to that the covering of steel cable flexible net is protected on rockfall needed for being wrapped in
Reinforcement effect is played, the method to limit the generation of rockfall disaster, passive protection net is the face purse seine erected, steel column and steel
The connection combination of cord net constitutes an entirety, and face protection is formed to the region protected, so as to prevent the tenesmus of rockfall, rises
To protective action.
Such as Chinese patent CN106284385A discloses a kind of " power consumption protection network ", and it includes base, column, power consumption dress
Put, support bar and steel wire protection network.Energy-dissipating device, energy-dissipating device top are fixedly connected with above base and is fixedly connected with support bar, is propped up
Strut end is fixedly connected with column, and steel wire protection network is provided between column, and the technical method can intercept rockfall
The side of protection network, but Rolling Stone causes secondary disaster easily in the accumulation of protection network side.
Active/passive net construction work amount is small, has certain effect to the protection of rockfall.But in extensive, high-frequency
The prevention effect of active/passive net is extremely limited in terms of rockfall hazards, and application limitation is larger.And once protection failure, protection
The Rolling Stone for netting side accumulation easily triggers more serious accumulation harm, and security and durability are relatively low.
3rd, hangar tunnel, hangar tunnel is a kind of efficient Rolling Stone calamity that the technological deficiency based on brush slope and active/passive net grows up
Evil Way of Engineering Technology in Control of Underground, and application in terms of Mountain Tunnels mouthful rockfall preventing and treating begun to take shape, its primary protection side
Method has rigidity and flexible.Rigid protection method is the safeguard structure and supporting structure using rigid structure as hangar tunnel, by intercepting
Effect avoids rockfall from tumbling ground influence traffic safety reaching protection effect, flexible protective method be using rigid structure as
The skeleton of hangar tunnel, the impact energy of rockfall is consumed by widely applying special Energy dissipating material to absorb, to protect its body junction
The integrality of structure reaches the effect of protection rockfall.
Such as Chinese patent CN204572001U discloses a kind of " safeguard structure for being used for mountain tunnel hole ", and it includes anti-
Revetment, hangar tunnel and supporting structure, protecting wall are located at the outside of tunnel portal and the protection end with higher than tunnel portal highest point,
Protecting wall is provided with hangar tunnel with tunnel opposite side, and hangar tunnel passes through anti-provided with the supporting structure for connecting bridge pier, the technical method
The protection end of revetment highest point intercepts rockfall (i.e. rigid protection method) and plays protective action, it is to avoid hangar tunnel is directly fallen
The impact failure of stone.But structural top remains rubble after by rock-fall impact, it is larger to easily cause structure overlying burden, security
It is relatively low, and used structural body rigidity is big, once destruction, global failure, it is impossible to repair, poor durability, the later stage removes
Stone difficulty is also larger.
And for example Chinese patent CN105603893A disclose it is a kind of " tunnel face flexibility nose-shaped Rolling Stone row lead shed hole structure body and
Its design method ", it includes multiple herringbone control structure monomers, supporting construction and domatic energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing anchoring base, herringbone
Shape control structure monomer is installed on domatic energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing anchoring base by supporting construction, above control structure monomer covered with
Compound power consumption cover plate, the technical method absorbs impact energy (the i.e. flexible protective side of rockfall by the compound power consumption cover plate in top
Method) protection effect is reached, if Energy dissipating material is once fail, protection effect loses to the greatest extent, in the rockfall disaster of greater impact power
Aspect protection effect is almost nil, and construction work amount is big, difficulty is higher, and later stage dimension supports difficulty, in tunnel immediately adjacent to bridge etc. to installing
It is required that applicability is poor in higher engineering, it is larger using limitation.
Rigid protection method structural body is rigidly big, once destruction, it is impossible to repair, durability is poor, structure changes engineering
Amount is big, and the cycle is long, and it is big that later stage dimension supports difficulty.Special Energy dissipating material cost is higher used in flexible protective method, less economical,
Durability and security are relatively low, and construction work amount is big, and later stage dimension supports difficulty, larger using limitation.
So, it is transport development field urgent problem to be solved to study a kind of new rockfall means of defence.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that there is provided a kind of " coupling hardness with softness " formula rockfall multistage protection in view of the shortcomings of the prior art
Method and its structure.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method, is comprised the following steps that：
Step one, when the small falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, the cambered surface or ramp structure of high intensity rigidity ceiling will fall
Stone is guided to the both sides of traffic route, is that protection mesh can be achieved by the integral rigidity of the rigid ceiling of high intensity and protector
's；
Step 2, when the medium falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, high intensity rigidity ceiling will impact integrally as loading end
Energy transmission gives shock-absorbing energy dissipator, while falling rocks is guided into traffic route both sides；
Step 3, when the big falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, high intensity rigidity ceiling integrally occurs slight as loading end
Plastic deformation, and shock-absorbing energy dissipator is transferred energy to, shock-absorbing energy dissipator has larger compress variation so that high-strength
The rigid ceiling of degree produces certain angle therewith, so as to actively avoid rock-fall impact, after impact energy discharges shock-absorbing energy dissipator with
High intensity rigidity ceiling automatically resets.
The safeguard structure body of the tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method, including the rigid ceiling of high intensity, shock-absorbing disappear
Can device, supporting construction and permanent anchoring base, the permanent anchoring base is located at bottom, permanent anchoring base with
The bottom of supporting construction is with being fixedly connected, and the top of supporting construction sets multiple shock-absorbing energy dissipators, multiple shock-absorbing energy dissipators
Between the rigid ceiling of high intensity and supporting construction, shock-absorbing energy dissipator interval is arranged in the rigid ceiling both sides of high intensity
Lower end, high intensity rigidity ceiling, shock-absorbing energy dissipator and supporting construction are fixed on mount point by permanent anchoring base
On.
It is used as further scheme of the invention：High intensity rigidity ceiling uses cambered surface or ramp structure.
It is used as further scheme of the invention：Shock-absorbing energy dissipator uses viscosity shock-absorbing energy dissipator, viscoplasticity shock-absorbing
One kind of energy dissipator or elastoplasticity shock-absorbing energy dissipator.
It is used as further scheme of the invention：The number of plies of high intensity rigidity ceiling is more than one layer.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：This method overturns traditional " interception " formula design concept, with
The mode of " avoidance ", " energy dissipating " and " guiding " synergy, it is to avoid because disease caused by rock-drop accumulations is accumulated, the peace caused
Full hidden danger；This method uses multistage protection, can select corresponding multistage protection structure according to specific class of loading of setting up defences
It can apply, with obvious flexibility, applicability and economy, it is to avoid the cost increase that performance surplus is caused；This method is adopted
Some shock-absorbing energy dissipators have preferably compression restorability, can be repeated several times and use, greatly reduce using rigidity
Protection or flexible protective cause maintenance, maintenance, renewal cost, occur earthquake when, some shock-absorbing energy dissipators also can pass through consumption
Seismic force is dissipated, the structural intergrity of multistage protection structure is protected, continues to provide protective action, it is ensured that speedily carry out rescue work to disaster area
With disaster relief matter transportation；This method avoids using environmental disruption caused by brush slope, environmental-protecting performance is protruded, and realizes mankind's activity
With the purpose of natural environment harmony and co-existence.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of safeguard structure body in the rockfall multistage protection method of tunnel face.
Fig. 2 is the side view of safeguard structure body in the rockfall multistage protection method of tunnel face.
Fig. 3 is the structure principle chart of tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method.
Wherein：1- high intensity rigidity ceiling, 2- shock-absorbing energy dissipators, the permanent anchoring bases of 3-, 4- supporting constructions.
Embodiment
The technical scheme of this patent is described in more detail with reference to embodiment.
Fig. 1-3 are referred to, a kind of tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method is comprised the following steps that：
Step one, when the small falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, the cambered surface or ramp structure of high intensity rigidity ceiling 1 will fall
Stone is guided to the both sides of traffic route, is that protection mesh can be achieved by the integral rigidity of the rigid ceiling 1 of high intensity and protector
's；
Step 2, when the medium falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, high intensity rigidity ceiling 1 is overall as loading end, will rush
Energy transmission is hit to shock-absorbing energy dissipator 2, the purpose of buffering energy-consumption is realized, while falling rocks is guided into traffic route both sides；
Step 3, when the big falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, high intensity rigidity ceiling 1 is overall to be occurred slightly as loading end
Plastic deformation, and transfers energy to shock-absorbing energy dissipator 2, and further dissipate impact energy, shock-absorbing energy dissipator 2 have compared with
Big compress variation and preferable shock-absorbing energy dissipating performance so that high intensity rigidity ceiling 1 produces certain angle therewith, so that actively
Rock-fall impact is avoided, shock-absorbing energy dissipator 2 and the rigid ceiling 1 of high intensity automatically reset after impact energy release.
The safeguard structure body of the tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method, including the rigid ceiling 1 of high intensity, shock-absorbing disappear
Energy device 2, supporting construction 4 and permanent anchoring base 3, the permanent anchoring base 3 are located at bottom, permanently anchor bottom
Seat 3 is fixedly connected with the bottom of supporting construction 4, and the top of supporting construction 4 sets multiple shock-absorbing energy dissipators 2, and multiple shock-absorbings disappear
Energy device 2 is arranged between the rigid ceiling 1 of high intensity and supporting construction 4, and it is firm that what shock-absorbing energy dissipator 2 was spaced is arranged in high intensity
Property the both sides of ceiling 1 lower end, high intensity rigidity ceiling 1 uses cambered surface or ramp structure, and high intensity rigidity ceiling 1, shock-absorbing disappear
Energy device 2 and supporting construction 4 are fixed in mount point by permanent anchoring base 3.
The present invention operation principle be：The cross section of high intensity rigidity ceiling 1 is the arc or oblique acted on " guiding "
Slope structure, its shock resistance energy characteristics is designed according to impact load grade of setting up defences.Shock-absorbing energy dissipator 2 has certain compressed-bit
Shifting amount, preferable shock-absorbing energy dissipating performance has preferable restorability after energy release.Permanent anchoring base 3 has more preferable
Shock resistance, supporting mechanism 4 is mainly used in supporting the rigid ceiling 1 of some shock-absorbing energy dissipators 2 and high intensity on top, its
Design bearing height is enough to ensure that safety in protective zone.Pass through the rigid ceiling 1 of high intensity, some shock-absorbing energy dissipators 2 and forever
The structure that long property anchoring base 3 is combined realizes the protection to rockfall.The set-point of shock-absorbing energy dissipator 2 may be located on
The permanent bottom of anchoring base 3, i.e., by the integral installation of multistage protection structure in the top of some shock-absorbing energy dissipators 2.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit is required rather than described above is limited, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling
Change is included in the present invention.Any reference in claim should not be considered as to the claim involved by limitation.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only that for clarity, those skilled in the art should
Using specification as an entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
It may be appreciated other embodiment.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that：
Step one, when the small falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, the cambered surface or ramp structure of high intensity rigidity ceiling (1) are by falling rocks
The both sides of traffic route are guided to, are that protection mesh can be achieved by the integral rigidity of the rigid ceiling (1) of high intensity and protector
's；
Step 2, when the medium falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, high intensity rigidity ceiling (1) is overall as loading end, will impact
Energy transmission gives shock-absorbing energy dissipator (2), while falling rocks is guided into traffic route both sides；
Step 3, when the big falling rocks of impact energy is fallen, high intensity rigidity ceiling (1) is overall to be occurred slightly to mould as loading end
Property deformation, and transfer energy to shock-absorbing energy dissipator (2), shock-absorbing energy dissipator (2) has larger compress variation so that
High intensity rigidity ceiling (1) produces certain angle therewith, so that rock-fall impact is actively avoided, shock-absorbing energy dissipating after impact energy release
Device (2) and the rigid ceiling (1) of high intensity automatically reset.
2. the safeguard structure body of rockfall multistage protection method in tunnel face according to claim 1, it is characterised in that bag
The rigid ceiling (1) of high intensity, shock-absorbing energy dissipator (2), supporting construction (4) and permanent anchoring base (3) are included, it is described permanent
Anchoring base (3) is located at bottom, and permanent anchoring base (3) is fixedly connected with the bottom of supporting construction (4), the support knot
The top of structure (4) sets multiple shock-absorbing energy dissipators (2), and the multiple shock-absorbing energy dissipator (2) is arranged on high intensity rigid top
Between canopy (1) and supporting construction (4), what shock-absorbing energy dissipator (2) was spaced is arranged under rigid ceiling (1) both sides of high intensity
End, high intensity rigidity ceiling (1), shock-absorbing energy dissipator (2) and supporting construction (4) are fixed by permanent anchoring base (3)
In mount point.
3. the safeguard structure body of rockfall multistage protection method in tunnel face according to claim 2, it is characterised in that institute
State the rigid ceiling (1) of high intensity and use cambered surface or ramp structure.
4. the structure of the tunnel face rockfall multistage protection method according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that institute
Shock-absorbing energy dissipator (2) is stated using viscosity shock-absorbing energy dissipator, viscoplasticity shock-absorbing energy dissipator or elastoplasticity shock-absorbing energy dissipating
One kind of device.
5. the structure of rockfall multistage protection method in tunnel face according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the height
The number of plies of strength rigid ceiling (1) is more than one layer.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108035267A (en) * | 2018-01-06 | 2018-05-15 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Collapse casing vibration absorber, falling rocks vibration damping hangar tunnel, design method |
| CN108842641A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-20 | 赵宁雨 | Steel construction energy dissipating hangar tunnel |
| CN109026054A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆交通大学 | Protection canopy for tunnel portal landslide-proofing |
| CN109183640A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-11 | 吴帆 | The shed hole structure and its construction method of a kind of antidetonation and anti-mud-rock flow and falling rocks |
| CN110258371A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-20 | 枣庄学院 | Hangar tunnel with anti-rock-fall impact energy dissipating pad and anti-rock-fall impact energy dissipating pad |
| CN112818453A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-18 | 西南交通大学 | Flexible protection 4D energy control design method for rockfall disasters of high and steep side slopes |
| CN115012682A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Collapse rockfall protective net structure with toughness energy dissipation function |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108035267A (en) * | 2018-01-06 | 2018-05-15 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Collapse casing vibration absorber, falling rocks vibration damping hangar tunnel, design method |
| CN108035267B (en) * | 2018-01-06 | 2023-08-15 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Telescoping sleeve vibration damper, falling Dan Jianzhen shed tunnel and design method |
| CN109026054A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆交通大学 | Protection canopy for tunnel portal landslide-proofing |
| CN109026054B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-05-29 | 重庆交通大学 | A protection canopy for tunnel entrance to a cave landslide is prevented |
| CN108842641A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-20 | 赵宁雨 | Steel construction energy dissipating hangar tunnel |
| CN109183640A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-11 | 吴帆 | The shed hole structure and its construction method of a kind of antidetonation and anti-mud-rock flow and falling rocks |
| CN110258371A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-20 | 枣庄学院 | Hangar tunnel with anti-rock-fall impact energy dissipating pad and anti-rock-fall impact energy dissipating pad |
| CN110258371B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-06-08 | 枣庄学院 | Shed tunnel with falling-stone impact resistant energy dissipation pad and falling-stone impact resistant energy dissipation pad |
| CN112818453A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-18 | 西南交通大学 | Flexible protection 4D energy control design method for rockfall disasters of high and steep side slopes |
| CN115012682A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Collapse rockfall protective net structure with toughness energy dissipation function |
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Effective date of registration: 20191211 Address after: 713702 nanhangliu village, Yongle Town, Jinghe new city, Xixian New District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province Applicant after: SHAANXI ZHONGZI CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE CO.,LTD. Address before: Room 11-202, Rose Garden, Ecological Peninsula, Changqing East Road, Jingwei Street, Gaoling District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710200 Applicant before: XI'AN ZHONGJIAO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20170815 |