CN107043265A - 一种冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001952 rubidium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CWBWCLMMHLCMAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium(1+);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+].[Rb+] CWBWCLMMHLCMAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NACUKFIFISCLOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Cr] Chemical compound [Mg].[Cr] NACUKFIFISCLOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WOTWTXMUHAYOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr][Cr][Fe] WOTWTXMUHAYOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
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Abstract
本发明属于冶金、有色熔炼炉用高级耐火材料及其制备技术领域，具体涉及一种冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖。一种冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，包括骨料、粉料和结合剂，所述骨料的原料按重量份数组成如下：高纯度镁砂（MgO≥97.5%，粒度7‑90目）35‑45份、电熔镁铬砂（MgO≥69%，Cr2O3≥20%，粒度7‑90目）15‑25份；所述粉料的原料按重量份数组成如下：铬铁精矿（Cr2O3含量为47%‑60%，Fe2O3含量为15%‑27%，MgO含量为9.0%‑13%，粒度300‑350目）30‑35份、冷烧结剂（粒度纳米级）2‑4份、稀土氧化物（粒度2000‑3500目）0.3‑0.6份、活性氧化铝微粉（粒度2000‑3500目）2‑4份；结合剂2‑5份、水1‑3份。本发明具有纯度高、密度大、强度高、高温热震稳定性好、耐腐蚀性强且抗熔融金属和抗氧化能力强、无需高温烧成、成本低、节能减排、制备安全等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金、有色熔炼炉用高级耐火材料及其制备技术领域，具体涉及一种冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖。
背景技术
镁铬砖以氧化镁(MgO)和三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)为主要成分，方镁石和铬铁尖晶石为主要矿物组分的耐火材料制品。这类砖耐火度高，高温强度大，抗碱性渣侵蚀性强，热稳定性优良，对酸性渣也有一定的适应性。镁铬质耐火材料至今仍然是全球钢铁精炼和有色冶金不可替代的关键性基础材料。
随着科技的进步，工业上对于耐火材料的要求越来越高，现有的镁铬砖耐火材料性能越来越不能满足工业上对于耐火材料的性能要求，存在熔炉寿命短，经济损耗大等问题。目前，市面上销售的镁铬砖通常采用传统的高温烧结制备工艺，在国家要求采用清洁能源的要求下，通常采用天然气提供热能，成本高并且存在天然气爆炸等安全隐患，例如：信德元河南耐火材料厂生产的镁铬砖（型号Mge-8A、Mge-12A）和郑州东阳耐火厂生产的镁铬砖（型号DYMGe-16、DYMGe-18）的耐压强度和热震稳定性性能较低。因此，研制一种无需高温烧成、成本低、性能好的有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖是十分必要的。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖及其制备方法。本发明有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖具有纯度高、密度大、强度高、高温热震稳定性好、耐腐蚀性强且抗熔融金属和抗氧化能力强等优点；本发明制备方法简单、无需高温烧成、成本低、节能减排、制备安全。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为。
一种有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，包括骨料、粉料和结合剂，所述骨料的原料按重量份数组成如下：高纯度镁砂（MgO≥97.5%，粒度7-90目）35-45份、电熔镁铬砂（MgO≥69%，Cr2O3≥20%，粒度7-90目）15-25份；所述粉料的原料按重量份数组成如下：铬铁精矿（Cr2O3含量为47%-60%，Fe2O3含量为15%-27%，MgO含量为9.0%-13%，粒度300-350目）30-35份、冷烧结合剂（粒度纳米级）2-4份、稀土氧化物（粒度2000-3500目）0.3-0.6份、活性氧化铝微粉（粒度1-2微米）2-4份；水1-3份。
本发明的一种优选方案，包括骨料、粉料和结合剂，所述骨料的原料按重量份数组成如下：高纯度镁砂（MgO含量为97.5%-98.5%，粒度7-90目）40份、电熔镁铬砂（MgO含量为69%-72%，Cr2O3含量为20%-21%，粒度7-90目）20份；所述粉料的原料按重量份数组成如下：铬铁精矿（Cr2O3含量为47%-60%，Fe2O3含量为15%-27%，MgO含量为9.0%-13%，粒度300-350目）32份、冷烧结剂（粒度纳米级）3-4份、稀土氧化物（粒度2000-3500目）0.5份、活性氧化铝微粉（粒度2000-3500目）3份；结合剂5份、水3份。
本发明的另一种优选方案，所述高纯度镁砂包括30%-40%的高纯度烧结镁砂和60%-70%的高纯度电熔镁砂。
本发明的第三种优选方案，所述高纯度镁砂包括37.5%的高纯度烧结镁砂和62.5%的高纯度电熔镁砂。
本发明的第四种优选方案，所述铬铁精矿包括30%-40%铬铁精矿A（Cr2O3含量为54%-60%，Fe2O3含量为15%-20%，MgO含量为10%-13%，粒度300-350目）和60%-70%的铬铁精矿B（Cr2O3含量为47%-50%，Fe2O3含量为26%-27%，MgO含量为9.0%-9.9%，粒度300-350目）。
本发明的第五种优选方案，所述铬铁精矿包括37.5%铬铁精矿A（Cr2O3含量为54%-56%，Fe2O3含量为15%-20%，MgO含量为10%-13%，粒度300-350目）和62.5%的铬铁精矿B（Cr2O3含量为45%-47%，Fe2O3含量为26%-27%，MgO含量为9.0%-9.9%，粒度300-350目）。
进一步的，所述稀土氧化物为氧化钇、氧化铈、氧化镧、氧化铷和氧化镨中的一种或两种。
进一步的，所述结合剂为陶瓷结合剂。
进一步的，所述冷烧结剂为陶瓷烧结剂。
一种有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）按重量份数秤取高纯度镁砂和电熔镁铬砂，放入破碎机中进行破碎，破碎之后加入球磨机中进行粉碎，粉碎之后再用振动筛筛出粒度为粒度7-90目的骨料；
（2）按重量份数秤取铬铁精矿、冷烧结剂、稀土氧化物和活性氧化铝微粉，放入容器中混合配置成粉料；
（3）混料：将配制的骨料放入泥料混炼机中，加入陶瓷结合剂，转速40-60r/min搅拌时间10-20分钟，在搅拌时加水至陶瓷结合剂形成浆料包裹在骨料表面，再加入上述步骤（2）制备的粉料继续混合搅拌，搅拌时间20-30分钟；
（4）成型：称量一定量的混料放入压机中成型，压机压力为1000吨；
（5）干燥：将成型的复合砖坯放入电加热干燥装置进行干燥，干燥温度160℃-200℃，干燥12-16小时，即得成品。
本发明的有益效果：本发明冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖的性能远高于目前市面上的镁铬砖，由洛阳耐火材料研究院出具的SEM及EDAX分析报告可知，本发明镁铬砖使用后的残砖在电镜下观察分析，无明显的反应层，主要表现为渣的渗透，渗透深度约10mm。只是在工作面处有一约0.2~0.3 mm富Fe层带，产物可能为镁富氏体（RO相），再对比表5和表6，由此可知，本发明具有理想的结合强度，较好的荷重软化温度，热震稳定性、耐侵蚀性，并且在使用过程中具有边运用边烧结的特点，其常温和高温强度可达80MPa以上（对比例1-4所示），延长熔炉寿命；并且本发明将CSP冷烧工艺应用到耐火材料镁铬砖上，与高温烧结相比，冷烧成本50-100元/吨，天燃气砖烧成成本600-1000元/吨左右，本发明的制备过程中不但成本降低，为社会节约经济成本，创造出巨大的经济效益，并且不存在天然气会引发的任何安全隐患问题。
附图说明
图1为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用前抛光的标尺为10μm的扫描电镜图。
图2为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用前抛光的标尺为100μm的扫描电镜图。
图3为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用后工作面处的标尺为1mm的扫描电镜图。
图4 为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用后工作面处的标尺为200μm的扫描电镜图。
图5为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用后近工作面处基质的标尺为100μm的扫描电镜图。
图6为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用后近工作面处基质的标尺为500μm的扫描电镜图。
图7为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用后渗透层末端（9～10mm）标尺为100μm扫描电镜图。
图8为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用后渗透层末端（9～10mm）标尺为500μm扫描电镜图。
图9为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用后距工作面约4mm处标尺为1mm的扫描电镜图。
图10为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用前标尺为1mm的扫描电镜图。
图11为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用前标尺为200μm的扫描电镜图。
图12为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用前标尺为50μm的扫描电镜图。
图13为实施例2制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖使用前标尺为50μm的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述，但是应当理解，这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点，而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
实施例1。
分别按以下表1中指定的各组分秤取原料，制备方法如下。
一种冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）按重量份数秤取高纯度镁砂和电熔镁铬砂，放入破碎机中进行破碎，破碎之后加入球磨机中进行粉碎，粉碎之后再用振动筛筛出粒度为粒度7-90目的骨料；
（2）按重量份数秤取铬铁精矿、冷烧结剂、稀土氧化物和活性氧化铝微粉，放入容器中混合配置成粉料。
（3）混料：将配制的骨料放入泥料混炼机中，加入陶瓷结合剂，转速40-60r/min搅拌时间10-20分钟，在搅拌时加水至陶瓷结合剂形成浆料包裹在骨料表面，再加入上述步骤（2）制备的粉料继续混合搅拌，搅拌时间20-30分钟。
（4）成型：称量一定量的混料放入压机中成型，压机压力为1000吨，先轻打3次，后重打7次。半成型体积密度不小于3.30g/cm3。
（5）干燥：将成型的复合砖坯放入微波加热干燥窑进行干燥，干燥温度160℃-200℃，干燥12-16小时，即得成品。
本发明实施例1的制备成品对其进行物理力学性能指标检验。在表5中列出了测试结果。
实施例2。
按以下表1中指定的各组分含量重复实施例1的方法，在表5中列出了测试结果。
实施例3。
按以下表1中指定的各组分含量重复实施例1的方法，在表5中列出了测试结果。
实施例4。
按以下表1中指定的各组分含量重复实施例1的方法，在表5中列出了测试结果。
对比例1。
按以下表1中指定的各组分含量重复实施例1的方法，唯一不同的是在制备方法步骤5中的干燥温度升至1750℃，在表5中列出了耐压强度测试结果。
对比例2。
按以下表1中指定的各组分含量重复实施例2的方法，唯一不同的是在制备方法步骤5中的干燥温度升至1750℃，在表5中列出了耐压强度测试结果。
对比例3。
按以下表1中指定的各组分含量重复实施例3的方法，唯一不同的是在制备方法步骤5中的干燥温度升至1750℃，在表5中列出了耐压强度测试结果。
对比例4。
按以下表1中指定的各组分含量重复实施例1的方法，唯一不同的是在制备方法步骤5中的干燥温度升至1750℃，在表5中列出了耐压强度测试结果。
一、性能检测。
1.对本发明的实施例随机选取实施例2进行SEM及EDAX分析。委托单位：洛阳耐火材料研究院，分析者：黄振武，洛阳耐火材料研究院出具的SEM及EDAX分析报告内容如下：
残砖：在电镜下观察分析，该试样无明显的反应层，主要表现为渣的渗透，渗透深度约10mm。只是在工作面处有一约0.2~0.3 mm富Fe层带，产物可能为镁富氏体（RO相）。
图3为工作面处的低倍显微结构，表面的亮白色带为富Fe层带，下方即为渗透层。图 4 为工作面处的高倍显微结构，上方为富Fe层带，下方则表征方镁石与FeO的反应过程，方镁石逐渐被FeO 反应掉，形成镁富氏体（RO相），其化学成分如表2。渗透层：主要表现为SiO2的渗入，并与MgO反应生成M2S填充于基质的气孔中，使基质的结构致密化。另外，靠近工作面处方镁石晶体的重晶长大现象亦非常明显。图5和图6为近工作面处基质的显微结构，主晶相方镁石重晶长大，晶内包裹有大量的粒状尖晶石脱溶相，晶间则填充大量的M2S（化学成分如表3），其呈现为致密化结构。
图7和图8为渗透层末端（9～10mm）的显微结构，与近工作面的基质结构类似，仍然有大量的M2S生成，但方镁石重晶长大现象显著轻微。另外，在距工作面约4mm处有一平行于工作面的裂隙，渗入较多的FeO，并生成了大量镁富氏体（RO相），见图9。原砖：图1、图2和图10为原砖的显微结构，表征颗粒与基质的均匀分布状态。
基质部分为多孔的网络状结构，以条状贯通气孔为主，但方镁石自身或与铬矿细粉相互结合在一起形成了连续的骨架结构（如图11所示）。基质中，方镁石与方镁石或方镁石与铬矿之间多为硅酸盐相（CMS或M2S）胶结（如图12所示）。少部分区域则多为直接结合，硅酸盐相少（如图13所示）。基质中，方镁石晶内仍包裹有大量的粒状尖晶石脱溶相。对基质进行分带面成分分析，其结果如表4所示（备注：0mm为工作面处富Fe层带下方的区域）。
综上所述：本发明具有耐腐蚀性强、抗熔融金属和抗氧化能力强等优点。
2. 对实施例1-4制备的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖进行性能检测，结果如表5。
3. 选取市面上制备的镁铬砖进行性能检测，结果如表6。
由表5和表6可知，本发明制备的有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖的体积密度＞3.22g/cm3，郑州东阳耐火厂的镁铬砖体积密度为3.05g/cm3和3.10 g/cm3，信德元河南耐火材料厂的镁铬砖体积密度为3.01g/cm3和3.08 g/cm3，由此可见，本发明的体积密度大于市面上制备的镁铬砖的体积密度，说明本发明耐腐蚀性强且抗熔融金属和抗氧化能力强。
本发明的常温耐压强度为90 Mpa以上，高温抗折强度大于13Mpa，郑州东阳耐火厂的镁铬砖耐压强度为45，信德元河南耐火材料厂的镁铬砖耐压强度为25，由此可见，本发明具有较高的耐压强度。
本发明的热震稳定性在1100℃下冷水次数大于10次会出现裂纹，郑州东阳耐火厂的镁铬砖水冷次数为7次，信德元河南耐火材料厂的镁铬砖水冷次数为8次，由此可见，本发明的抵抗高温应力的性能高，高温热震稳定性好。
由表5可知，本发明200℃烘烤脱水制备出的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖的常温耐压强度为90Mpa以上，这是由于水化结合作用使本发明具有较高的常温耐压强度；本发明在1750℃的烧结是高温陶瓷烧结的作用使冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖的常温耐压强度为80Mpa以上，因此，本发明在使用过程中具有边使用边烧结的特点。其常温和高温强度可达80MPa以上（对比例1-4所示）。
可以理解的是，以上关于本发明的具体描述，仅用于说明本发明而并非受限于本发明实施例所描述的技术方案，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换，以达到相同的技术效果；只要满足使用需要，都在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：包括骨料、粉料和结合剂，
所述骨料的原料按重量份数组成如下：
高纯度镁砂（MgO≥97.5%，粒度7-90目）35-45份
电熔镁铬砂（MgO≥69%，Cr2O3≥20%，粒度7-90目）15-25份；
所述粉料的原料按重量份数组成如下：
铬铁精矿（Cr2O3含量为47%-60%，Fe2O3含量为15%-27%，MgO含量为9.0%-13%，粒度300-350目）30-35份
冷烧结合剂（粒度纳米级）2-4份
稀土氧化物（粒度2000-3500目）0.3-0.6份
活性氧化铝微粉（粒度1-2微米）2-4份；
水1-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：包括骨料、粉料和结合剂，
所述骨料的原料按重量份数组成如下：
高纯度镁砂（MgO含量为97.5%-98.5%，粒度7-90目）40份
电熔镁铬砂（MgO含量为69%-72%，Cr2O3含量为20%-21%，粒度7-90目）20份；
所述粉料的原料按重量份数组成如下：
铬铁精矿（Cr2O3含量为47%-60%，Fe2O3含量为15%-27%，MgO含量为9.0%-13%，粒度300-350目）32份
冷烧结合剂（粒度纳米级）3份
稀土氧化物（粒度2000-3500目）0.5份
活性氧化铝微粉（粒度2000-3500目）3份；
水3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：所述高纯度镁砂包括30%-40%的高纯度烧结镁砂和60%-70%的高纯度电熔镁砂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：所述高纯度镁砂包括37.5%的高纯度烧结镁砂和62.5%的高纯度电熔镁砂。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：所述铬铁精矿包括30%-40%铬铁精矿A（Cr2O3含量为54%-60%，Fe2O3含量为15%-20%，MgO含量为10%-13%，粒度300-350目）和60%-70%的铬铁精矿B （Cr2O3含量为47%-50%，Fe2O3含量为26%-27%，MgO含量为9.0%-9.9%，粒度300-350目）。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：所述铬铁精矿包括37.5%铬铁精矿A（Cr2O3含量为54%-56%，Fe2O3含量为15%-20%，MgO含量为10%-13%，粒度300-350目）和62.5%的铬铁精矿B （Cr2O3含量为45%-47%，Fe2O3含量为26%-27%，MgO含量为9.0%-9.9%，粒度300-350目）。
7.根据权利要求1所述的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：所述稀土氧化物为氧化钇、氧化铈、氧化镧、氧化铷和氧化镨中的一种或两种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：所述结合剂为陶瓷结合剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于：所述冷烧结剂为陶瓷烧结剂。
10.一种冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖的制备方法，根据权利要求1-9任一所述的冶金、有色熔炼炉用不烧镁铬砖，其特征在于，步骤如下：
（1）按重量份数秤取高纯度镁砂和电熔镁铬砂，放入破碎机中进行破碎，破碎之后加入球磨机中进行粉碎，粉碎之后再用振动筛筛出粒度为粒度7-90目的骨料；
（2）按重量份数秤取铬铁精矿、冷烧结剂、稀土氧化物和活性氧化铝微粉，放入容器中混合配置成粉料；
（3）混料：将配制的骨料放入泥料混炼机中，加入陶瓷结合剂，转速40-60r/min搅拌时间10-20分钟，在搅拌时加水至陶瓷结合剂形成浆料包裹在骨料表面，再加入上述步骤（2）制备的粉料继续混合搅拌，搅拌时间20-30分钟；
（4）成型：称量一定量的混料放入压机中成型，压机压力为1000吨；
（5）干燥：将成型的复合砖坯放入电加热干燥装置进行干燥，干燥温度160℃-200℃，干燥12-16小时，即得成品。
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| CN111848133A (zh) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-30 | 西昌学院 | 一种高抗热震氧化镁陶瓷的制备方法 |
| CN114315383A (zh) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-12 | 海城利尔麦格西塔材料有限公司 | 一种再生镁碳砖颗粒的热处理方法 |
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| CN102786314A (zh) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-11-21 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | 热震稳定性优良的电熔再结合镁铬砖及生产工艺 |
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| CN102786314A (zh) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-11-21 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | 热震稳定性优良的电熔再结合镁铬砖及生产工艺 |
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| CN111848133A (zh) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-30 | 西昌学院 | 一种高抗热震氧化镁陶瓷的制备方法 |
| CN114315383A (zh) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-12 | 海城利尔麦格西塔材料有限公司 | 一种再生镁碳砖颗粒的热处理方法 |
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