CN107035720B - Transition flow passage structure of multistage centrifugal pump and design method thereof - Google Patents

Transition flow passage structure of multistage centrifugal pump and design method thereof Download PDF

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CN107035720B
CN107035720B CN201710226938.9A CN201710226938A CN107035720B CN 107035720 B CN107035720 B CN 107035720B CN 201710226938 A CN201710226938 A CN 201710226938A CN 107035720 B CN107035720 B CN 107035720B
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diffusion
section
elbow
cross
chamber
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CN107035720A (en
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吴应德
张涛
马柏青
马文生
杨德旭
王民祥
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Lanzhou Lanpump Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/669—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for liquid pumps

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic design of pump bodies, in particular to a transition flow passage structure of a multistage centrifugal pump and a design method thereof. The multi-stage transition flow passage is formed by splicing multi-stage transition flow passages, each stage transition flow passage comprises a water pressing chamber, a diffusion bent pipe and a water absorbing chamber, the water pressing chamber is communicated with the water absorbing chamber, and the diffusion bent pipe is arranged outside the water absorbing chamber; the water inlet of the diffusion elbow is communicated with the same-level pumping chamber, the water outlet of the diffusion elbow is communicated with the next-level water absorbing chamber, the water absorbing chamber is of a full spiral shape, and the diffusion elbow is of a ring shape. By adopting the annular diffusion bent pipe, the transition flow passage is smoother and greatly shortens the size, so that the pump body is compact in structure and better in strength. In addition, a full spiral water suction chamber is added before the inlet of the next-stage impeller, so that the suction performance of the fluid is better, and the flow velocity is more uniform and stable.

Description

Transition flow passage structure of multistage centrifugal pump and design method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pump body water conservancy design, in particular to a transition flow passage structure of a multistage centrifugal pump and a design method thereof.
Background
The transition runner is mainly suitable for axial split type multistage centrifugal pumps, the pump volute is integrally cast, two ends of a rotor are supported, and the pump body is supported at the center, so that the stability is good. High reliability and convenient maintenance. The axial split type multistage centrifugal pump is divided into a pump body and a pump cover, and is integrally cast. The transition flow channel is a flow channel for liquid to flow between the stages, and the design quality of the transition flow channel not only determines the appearance and castability of the pump body, but also has a certain influence on the efficiency of the pump.
The transition flow passage is a flow passage leading from the throat of the first-stage volute to the inlet of the next-stage impeller (adjacent or not), and the transition flow passage has the function of 1. The outlet of the first-stage pumping chamber is led to the inlet of the other-stage impeller, and the flowing direction of liquid is rotated by 180 degrees or 270 degrees; 2. converting the speed energy of the scroll throat into pressure energy with minimal hydraulic losses; 3. providing a uniform velocity field for the inlet of the next stage impeller. At present, the transition modes are generally classified into short transition flow channels and long transition flow channels. The structure of the existing transition flow channel has two forms of radial diffusion and oblique diffusion. The radial diffusion is that the transition flow passage has a diffusion section, which is located on the center line of the impeller, and diffuses to the diffusion section along the circumference of the scroll of the diffusion flow passage at a certain diffusion angle and then turns into the suction chamber of the next stage. The oblique diffusion is that the diffusion flow channel does not diffuse along the circumference of the volute, but passes through the pump body obliquely and is directly transferred into the next stage water suction chamber. The radial diffusion transition flow passage efficiency is higher than that of the inclined diffusion flow passage, but the overall dimension is larger, and the pump body structure is not compact. The oblique diffusion flow passage has compact structure, but the hydraulic efficiency is reduced, and the cavitation of the water pump is increased.
At present, the transition flow channels of the domestic axial split type multistage split type split pump adopt a mode of combining a long transition flow channel with a semi-spiral water absorption chamber, so that the external dimension of the pump body is oversized, the structure is not compact, the cavitation allowance of the pump is increased, and the hydraulic efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to better solve the flow connection between the stages, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the novel multistage split pump transition flow passage structure has the advantages that the design concept of combining the radial diffusion flow passage and the inclined diffusion flow passage is provided, the outline dimension of the pump is reduced, and the efficiency and the cavitation performance of the pump are not affected.
In order to solve the technical problem, the design of the transition flow passage of the multistage split pump can not influence the hydraulic efficiency of the pump, but also has compact structure and more attractive appearance. The invention provides a transition flow passage structure of a multistage centrifugal pump, which comprises a plurality of stages of transition flow passages, wherein each stage of transition flow passage comprises a water pumping chamber, a diffusion elbow and a water suction chamber, the water pumping chamber is communicated with the water suction chamber, and the diffusion elbow is arranged outside the water suction chamber; the water inlet of the diffusion elbow is communicated with the same-level pumping chamber, the water outlet of the diffusion elbow is communicated with the next-level water absorbing chamber, the water absorbing chamber is spiral, and the diffusion elbow is annular.
The arc angle phi of the diffusion bent pipe is 180-270 degrees.
The reference circle of the water suction chamber and the reference circle of the water pressing chamber are arranged concentrically.
The outer edge of the annular diffusion bent pipe is formed by excessively splicing 5-10 sections of circular arcs.
The area of the cross section of the diffusion elbow is a rectangular cross section A 1 Triangular section A 2 And a sector section A 3 ，A 1 45-6500mm 2 、A 2 40-4000mm 2 、A 3 Is 12-3600mm 2 。
A transition flow passage structure design method of a multistage centrifugal pump comprises the following steps:
A. calculation of the cross-sectional area of the superior pumping chamber
From the axial velocity of the liquid at the inlet of the impeller
Figure BDA0001264851100000031
The area of the inlet of the impeller is obtained as +.>
Figure BDA0001264851100000032
The flow rate of the liquid in the section of the spiral suction chamber is obtained by the axial surface speed coefficient curve of the suction chamber>
Figure BDA0001264851100000033
The area of the cross section is +.>
Figure BDA0001264851100000034
Wherein k is ml Represents the axial velocity gradient, Q represents the actual flow, k i Representing the coefficient of the specific rotation speed and the shaft surface speed;
B. cross-sectional area A selected at any angle on annular diffusion bend x Calculation of (2)
Figure BDA0001264851100000035
Wherein phi is an arc angle;
C. circular arc radius R of outer wall of annular diffusion elbow section φ
Area A of arbitrary section of annular diffusion bend x ＝2(A 1 +A 2 +A 3 ) Wherein
Figure BDA0001264851100000036
Figure BDA0001264851100000037
A 1 -rectangular cross-sectional area, a 2 -triangular cross-sectional area, A 3 -a sector-shaped cross-sectional area; wherein R is φ Is the radius of the arc of the outer wall of the section, r 0 Is the radius of the inner wall circle of the section R x Is a transitional arc of a section b 0 The throat width and beta of the lower suction chamber are the section diffusion angles;
from the triangular relationship
Figure BDA0001264851100000038
Then->
Figure BDA0001264851100000039
Let->
Figure BDA00012648511000000310
Figure BDA00012648511000000311
Substituting into the area formula of any section of the annular diffusion bent pipe to obtain B (R) φ -R 0 ) 2 +b 0 (R φ -r 0 )-A X ＝0
Solving the equation to obtain the radius of the outer wall of the section of the diffusion elbow
Figure BDA0001264851100000041
D. Check the area of any section of the annular diffusion elbow
According to the limit working conditions of the flow Q and the lift H, calculating a range value A through formulas of the steps B and C 1 45-6500mm 2 、A 2 40-4000mm 2 、A 3 Is 12-3600mm 2 ，A 1 -rectangular cross-sectional area, a 2 -triangular cross-sectional area, A 3 -sector-shaped cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional area calculated in step C being rechecked using the above-mentioned range valuesChecking the product, checking that the corresponding calculated value is accurate and effective within the following range, otherwise revising the calculation;
E. selecting circular arc radius R of outer wall of cross section of annular diffusion bent pipe with different cross sections φ
Selecting a circular arc radius R of the outer wall of the cross section of the annular diffusion elbow with the cross section different from that of the step B, C φ The outer edge of the diffusion elbow is formed by excessively splicing 5-10 sections of circular arcs, and the circular arc radius R of the outer wall of the section of the annular diffusion elbow is calculated respectively φ And D, checking the accuracy of the area calculation of any section of the annular diffusion elbow, and finally obtaining the dimensions of each section of the annular diffusion elbow to finish the design.
The cross-sectional area A of the upper-level pumping chamber in the step A i About equal to the cross-sectional area A taken at any angle on the annular diffuser elbow of step B x 。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the multi-stage transition flow passage is formed by splicing multi-stage transition flow passages, each stage transition flow passage comprises a water pressing chamber, a diffusion bent pipe and a water absorbing chamber, the water pressing chamber is communicated with the water absorbing chamber, and the diffusion bent pipe is arranged outside the water absorbing chamber; the water inlet of the diffusion elbow is communicated with the same-level pumping chamber, the water outlet of the diffusion elbow is communicated with the next-level water absorbing chamber, the water absorbing chamber is spiral, and the diffusion elbow is annular. By adopting the annular diffusion bent pipe, the transition flow passage is smoother and greatly shortens the size, so that the pump body is compact in structure and better in strength. In addition, a spiral water suction chamber is added before the inlet of the next-stage impeller, so that the suction performance of the fluid is better, and the flow velocity is more uniform and stable.
2. The arc angle phi of the diffusion bent pipe is 180-270 degrees. The annular diffusion bent pipe is adopted, the range of the arc angle is enlarged, and the size is greatly shortened. The reference circle of the water suction chamber and the reference circle of the water pressing chamber are arranged concentrically, and the multistage operation is stable, the vibration is smaller and the operation is more stable. The outer edge of the annular diffusion bent pipe is formed by excessively splicing 5-10 sections of circular arcs, so that the suction performance of the fluid is better, the flow velocity is more uniform and stable, the flow channel is smoother, the abrasion is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
3. As shown in FIG. 1 when the cross section is knownThe corresponding R can be calculated from the above formula φ 、R X Beta, thereby drawing the shape of each section. When the liquid flows through the f-f section, the speed reaches the design speed of the section of the extrusion chamber, the area of the section is infinitely close to the area calculated by a formula at any section of the diffusion elbow, the flow passage is smoothly transited on the premise of ensuring the performance, and the structural form adopts a form of combining radial diffusion and oblique diffusion. The suction chamber refers to a section of flow channel in front of the impeller inlet, the suction chamber should ensure that the liquid flow in front of the impeller inlet is uniformly distributed, the motion rule of the liquid is met, and the hydraulic loss in the suction chamber is reduced as small as possible. The structural form adopts the full spiral suction chamber, and compared with the half spiral suction chamber and the annular suction chamber, the spiral suction chamber has the advantages of better suction performance and more stable and uniform liquid flow rate.
4. In the prior art, only two modes of radial diffusion and oblique diffusion are disclosed in modern pump theory and design, and as the annular diffusion bent pipe is additionally arranged, corresponding design and inspection standards are not disclosed in the prior art, the data of the annular diffusion bent pipe calculated by using the existing formula and the processed pump body do not meet the use requirement, and the design and development difficulty is greatly increased. In practice, the data of the annular diffusion bent pipe can not be obtained accurately almost by adopting the prior art due to different using working conditions, and the use effect of the pump body can not be estimated by a developer due to no design and reference basis. Meanwhile, the outer edge of the diffusion bent pipe is formed by excessively splicing 5-10 sections of circular arcs, and the sections of the annular diffusion bent pipe are calculated by selecting different sections, so that the design error is further reduced, and the use effect is improved.
In summary, the transition flow passage structure of the centrifugal pump provided by the invention consists of the annular diffusion bent pipe and the spiral water absorbing chamber, wherein the annular diffusion bent pipe combines the advantages of radial diffusion and oblique diffusion, the throat part of the extrusion chamber at the previous stage is reasonably abutted with the water absorbing chamber at the next stage, the length of the transition flow passage is shortened, and the structure of the pump is more compact, the external dimension is smaller, and the strength is better; the spiral water suction chamber enables the annular diffusion elbow to be in smooth transition with the upper-stage water suction chamber and the lower-stage water suction chamber, the flow of liquid is more uniform and stable, the suction effect of the pump is improved, the cavitation phenomenon of the pump is reduced, the liquid entering the lower-stage impeller is enabled to be more in accordance with the flow rule, the pressure pulsation generated by mutual interference of the rotating blades and the static parts is reduced, and the noise and vibration of the unit are reduced. And calculating the flow cross section area of the whole transition flow channel by taking the speed of the liquid at the inlet of the impeller as a reference, thereby obtaining the shape of each cross section. The method accords with the fluid flow rule, has simple calculation process, can accurately control the area from the section of the upper stage pumping chamber to the section of the lower stage pumping chamber, and ensures the normal operation of the whole axial split type multistage centrifugal pump.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the velocity coefficient of the throat surface of the lower suction chamber;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an annular diffuser elbow.
Detailed Description
The transition flow passage structure of the multistage centrifugal pump comprises a plurality of stages of transition flow passages which are spliced, wherein each stage of transition flow passage comprises a pumping chamber 1, a diffusion elbow 2 and a water absorption chamber 3, the pumping chamber 1 is communicated with the water absorption chamber 3, and the diffusion elbow 2 is arranged on the outer side of the water absorption chamber 3; the water inlet of the diffusion elbow 2 is communicated with the same-level pumping chamber 1, the water outlet of the diffusion elbow 3 is communicated with the next-level water suction chamber 3, the water suction chamber 3 is spiral, and the diffusion elbow 3 is annular. The arc angle phi of the diffusion elbow 3 is 180-270 degrees. The reference circle 4 of the water suction chamber and the reference circle 5 of the water pressing chamber are arranged concentrically. The outer edge of the annular diffusion bent pipe 3 is formed by excessively splicing 5-10 sections of circular arcs. The area of the cross section of the diffusion bend 3 is a rectangular cross section A 1 Triangular section A 2 And a sector section A 3 ，A 1 45-6500mm 2 、A 2 40-4000mm 2 、A 3 Is 12-3600mm 2 。
A transition flow passage structure design method of a multistage centrifugal pump comprises the following steps:
A. calculation of the cross-sectional area of the superior pumping chamber
From the axial velocity of the liquid at the inlet of the impeller
Figure BDA0001264851100000071
The area of the inlet of the impeller is obtained as +.>
Figure BDA0001264851100000072
The flow rate of the liquid in the section of the spiral suction chamber is obtained by the axial surface speed coefficient curve of the suction chamber>
Figure BDA0001264851100000073
The area of the cross section is +.>
Figure BDA0001264851100000074
Wherein k is ml Represents the axial velocity gradient, Q represents the actual flow, k i Representing the coefficient of the specific rotation speed and the shaft surface speed;
B. cross-sectional area A selected at any angle on annular diffusion bend x Calculation of (2)
Figure BDA0001264851100000075
Wherein phi is an arc angle;
C. circular arc radius R of outer wall of annular diffusion elbow section φ
Area A of arbitrary section of annular diffusion bend x ＝2(A 1 +A 2 +A 3 ) Wherein
Figure BDA0001264851100000081
A 1 -rectangular cross-sectional area, a 2 -triangular cross-sectional area, A 3 -a sector-shaped cross-sectional area; wherein R is φ Is the radius of the arc of the outer wall of the section, r 0 Is the radius of the inner wall circle of the section R x Is a transitional arc of a section b 0 The throat width and beta of the lower suction chamber are the section diffusion angles;
from the triangular relationship
Figure BDA0001264851100000082
Then->
Figure BDA0001264851100000083
Let->
Figure BDA0001264851100000084
Figure BDA0001264851100000085
Substituting into the area formula of any section of the annular diffusion bent pipe to obtain B (R) φ -R 0 ) 2 +b 0 (R φ -r 0 )-A X ＝0
Solving the equation to obtain the radius of the outer wall of the section of the diffusion elbow
Figure BDA0001264851100000086
D. Check the area of any section of the annular diffusion elbow
According to the limit working conditions of the flow Q and the lift H, calculating a range value A through formulas of the steps B and C 1 45-6500mm 2 、A 2 40-4000mm 2 、A 3 Is 12-3600mm 2 ，A 1 -rectangular cross-sectional area, a 2 -triangular cross-sectional area, A 3 -sector-shaped cross-sectional area, rechecking the cross-sectional area calculated in step C using the above-mentioned range values, rechecking that the corresponding calculated values are valid within the following range, otherwise rechecking the calculation;
E. selecting circular arc radius R of outer wall of cross section of annular diffusion bent pipe with different cross sections φ
Selecting a circular arc radius R of the outer wall of the cross section of the annular diffusion elbow with the cross section different from that of the step B, C φ The outer edge of the diffusion elbow is formed by excessively splicing 5-10 sections of circular arcs, and the circular arc radius R of the outer wall of the section of the annular diffusion elbow is calculated respectively φ And checking the accuracy of the area calculation of any section of the annular diffusion elbow by using the step D to finally obtain each section of the annular diffusion elbowThe face size is designed.
The cross-sectional area A of the upper-level pumping chamber in the step A i About equal to the cross-sectional area A taken at any angle on the annular diffuser elbow of step B x 。

Claims (2)

1. A design method of a transition flow passage structure of a multistage centrifugal pump is characterized in that the transition flow passage structure of the multistage centrifugal pump comprises a plurality of stages of transition flow passages which are spliced, each stage of transition flow passage comprises a pumping chamber (1), a diffusion elbow pipe (2) and a water absorption chamber (3), the pumping chamber (1) is communicated with the water absorption chamber (3), and the diffusion elbow pipe (2) is arranged outside the water absorption chamber (3); the water inlet of the diffusion elbow pipe (2) is communicated with the same-level pumping chamber (1), the water outlet of the diffusion elbow pipe (2) is communicated with the next-level water suction chamber (3), the water suction chamber (3) is of a full spiral shape, and the diffusion elbow pipe (2) is of a ring shape; the arc angle phi of the diffusion bent pipe (2) is 180-270 degrees; the reference circle (4) of the water suction chamber and the reference circle (5) of the water pressing chamber are arranged concentrically;
the outer edge of the diffusion bent pipe (2) is formed by splicing 5-10 sections of circular arcs in a transitional manner; the area of the cross section of the diffusion elbow pipe (2) is a rectangular cross section A 1 Triangular section A 2 And a sector section A 3 ，A 1 45-6500mm 2 、A 2 40-4000mm 2 、A 3 Is 12-3600mm 2 ；
The design method of the transition flow passage structure of the multistage centrifugal pump comprises the following steps:
A. calculation of the cross-sectional area of the superior pumping chamber
From the axial velocity of the liquid at the inlet of the impeller
Figure QLYQS_1
The area of the inlet of the impeller is obtained as +.>
Figure QLYQS_2
The flow rate of the liquid in the section of the spiral suction chamber is obtained by the axial surface speed coefficient curve of the suction chamber>
Figure QLYQS_3
The area of the cross section is +.>
Figure QLYQS_4
Wherein k is ml Represents the axial velocity gradient, Q represents the actual flow, k i Representing the coefficient of the specific rotation speed and the shaft surface speed;
B. cross-sectional area A selected at any angle on annular diffusion bend x Calculation of (2)
Figure QLYQS_5
Wherein phi is an arc angle;
C. circular arc radius R of outer wall of annular diffusion elbow section φ
Area A of arbitrary section of annular diffusion bend x ＝2(A 1 +A 2 +A 3 ) Wherein
Figure QLYQS_6
(R φ -r 0 -R X )COSβ，
Figure QLYQS_7
A 1 -rectangular cross-sectional area, a 2 -triangular cross-sectional area, A 3 -a sector-shaped cross-sectional area; wherein R is φ Is the radius of the arc of the outer wall of the section, r 0 Is the radius of the inner wall circle of the section R x Is a transitional arc of a section b 0 The throat width and beta of the lower suction chamber are the section diffusion angles;
from the triangular relationship
Figure QLYQS_8
Then
Figure QLYQS_9
Let->
Figure QLYQS_10
Figure QLYQS_11
Substituting into the area formula of any section of the annular diffusion bent pipe to obtain B (R) φ -r 0 ) 2 +b 0 (R φ -r 0 )-A X Solving equation by =0 to obtain radius of outer wall of section of diffusion elbow
Figure QLYQS_12
D. Check the area of any section of the annular diffusion elbow
According to the limit working conditions of the flow Q and the lift H, calculating a range value A through formulas of the steps B and C 1 45-6500mm 2 、A 2 40-4000mm 2 、A 3 Is 12-3600mm 2 ，A 1 -rectangular cross-sectional area, a 2 -triangular cross-sectional area, A 3 -sector-shaped cross-sectional area, rechecking the cross-sectional area calculated in step C using the above-mentioned range values, rechecking that the corresponding calculated values are valid within the following range, otherwise rechecking the calculation;
E. selecting circular arc radius R of outer wall of cross section of annular diffusion bent pipe with different cross sections φ
Selecting a circular arc radius R of the outer wall of the cross section of the annular diffusion elbow with the cross section different from that of the step B, C φ The outer edge of the diffusion elbow is formed by splicing 5-10 sections of circular arcs in a transitional manner, and the circular arc radius R of the outer wall of the section of the annular diffusion elbow is calculated respectively φ And D, checking the accuracy of the area calculation of any section of the annular diffusion elbow, and finally obtaining the dimensions of each section of the annular diffusion elbow to finish the design.
2. The design method of transition flow channel structure of multistage centrifugal pump according to claim 1Characterized in that the cross-sectional area A of the upper pumping chamber in the step A i And B is equal to the cross-sectional area A selected at any angle on the annular diffusion elbow in the step B x 。
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