CN1070318C - Multifunctional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multifunctional brushless permanent-magnet direct-current motor which is composed of a motor body, a position sensor and a control circuit, wherein a reversing signal output by the sensor is transmitted to the control circuit to control the alternating conduction of each winding of the motor, each winding of the motor is controlled by a switch to be connected to an electric-energy recovery loop in the control circuit in parallel or in series, and the electric-energy recovery loop is composed of an electric-storage loop connected with a capacitor and a diode, a backward diode and a load. When used for electric automobiles, the motor can efficiently increase running mileage, reduce the number of charging, relieves the weight of the electric automobiles, decrease construction cost and running cost and can generate an active function for the popularization and the popularity of the electric automobiles.

Description

Multifunctional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor

The present invention relates to a kind of non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor of direct current on-mechanical reversing motor, especially used for electric vehicle.

In recent years, automobile industry development is rapid, and is not contaminated in order to protect atmosphere; each state is all at the research pollution-free automobile; and electric automobile is exactly wherein a kind of desirable automobile, but the electric automobile development has the history in more than 20 year so far, does not still have popularization and application; it also is a kind of instruction carriage; cause the main cause of this situation to be: the cost height of electric automobile, vehicle body is heavy, and charging is inconvenient; and it is too short to fill once the electric mileage that travels, and generally has only more than 120 kilometer.In order to address the above problem, on the electric automobile that the major company that has makes generating set has been installed in addition, switch with clutch, make its generating when automobile slide, to batteries charging, this just makes the electric automobile cost improve, vehicle body increases the weight of, strengthened the burden of automobile, also useful wind power generation makeup energy, the problem that exists price height, vehicle body to weigh equally.In addition, also some country has dropped into high energy batteries such as a huge sum of money research hydrogen fuel cell, zinc and air cell, solar cell, but makes slow progress at present, and cost is too high, and the electric automobile cost is also increased, the cost of use height.Various countries are in order to promote the use of electric automobile, and are not contaminated with the protection atmosphere, save the energy, have to take the way of subsidizing.However, the development of electric automobile is still slow, even is in balky situation.

Purpose of the present invention will provide a kind of motor exactly, and electric automobile uses this motor, can reduce the automobile cost, alleviates the automobile own wt, and fills once electricity with the battery of same capacity and can increase distance travelled.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this, motor is a multifunctional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor, form by motor body, position transducer, control circuit, the commutation signal of transducer output is sent control circuit, control motor each winding takes turns conducting, it is characterized in that: each winding of motor is controlled by a switch, makes itself or in parallel or series connection.

Described winding is the four extremely above even number utmost points, and when in parallel, homopolarity composes in parallel a phase, and two are in parallel; During series connection, homopolarity is composed in series a phase, and two are in series.

Described control circuit is made up of amplifying circuit and power switch pipe, switching tube is connected in the winding loop, the commutation signal that position transducer is sent here is sent switching tube through amplification, control switch pipe conducting or end, be connected to the electric power storage loop that electric capacity and diode are formed at the collector electrode of switching tube, between this electric capacity and diode, be connected to the electric energy that backward diode and load form and reclaim the loop.

Described position transducer is made up of the conductive plate and the little brush that are loaded on the motor shaft, conductive plate is divided into the piece number that equates with motor pole number, every a ground connection, in addition unsettled, the signal of little brush output is divided into two-way, one the tunnel send an amplifying circuit, and another amplifying circuit is given through inverter in another road.

Be connected to speed regulator between power supply and amplifying circuit, this speed regulator is made up of pulse generator and power tube, the DC source of an EDM Generator of Adjustable Duty Ratio of output.

The multifunctional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor that adopts such scheme to make can be made motor usefulness, can make generator usefulness again, can also reclaim part energy.The motor of this structure, control method is simple, and is reliability and durability, and cost is low; The electric energy that the back-emf that produces when utilizing the winding commutation reclaims can store with using it for anything else; In the automobilism way, slide, when this motor is done the generator use, can charge, replenish about 20% electric energy, saved other generating set simultaneously to master battery pack.Because this motor has above function, electric automobile uses this motor, can increase distance travelled effectively with same storage battery, reduce charging times, alleviate the automobile own wt, reduce cost and operating cost, will produce positive effect popularizing electric automobile.

Fig. 1 is a circuit for controlling motor schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is motor windings connection figure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is speed regulator circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.The number of poles of motor can be the even number utmost points such as 4 utmost points, 6 utmost points, 8 utmost points, and winding can equate for two-phase, three-phase, four, is convenient control, and in this example, the winding of motor body 2 is by two phase compositions of 4 utmost points, and when doing the motor use, S makes S by change over switch ₁Meet a, S ₂Meet c, S ₃Meet e, S ₄Meet g, S ₆Meet j,, thereby make L to the winding energising ₁, L ₃Winding composes in parallel a phase, L ₂, L ₄Winding composes in parallel a phase, simultaneously S ₅Meet i, connect control circuit, the conducting of two phase windings is respectively by switch transistor T ₅, T ₆Control is in switch transistor T ₅Collector electrode be connected to capacitor C ₁, diode D ₃The electric power storage loop of forming, the back-emf that utilizes the winding commutation to produce is given capacitor C ₁Charging, store electrical energy is in capacitor C ₁, diode D ₃Between be connected to backward diode D ₄The energy recovering circuit of forming with load 3, when this phase winding by when becoming conducting, capacitor C ₁The electric energy that stores passes through switch transistor T ₅, load 3, diode D ₄The loop of forming discharges.The storage of another phase winding electric energy and release are by capacitor C ₂, diode D ₅And switch transistor T ₆, diode D ₆, load forms.The back-emf that produces by the winding commutation charges to electric capacity repeatedly, discharge by load repeatedly, reach the purpose that energy recuperation utilizes, as long as machine operation just has electric energy recovery endlessly, this electric energy size is relevant with rotating speed of motor, motor load increases, when rotating speed reduced, it is big that this electric energy produces, otherwise then littler.This electric energy can be charged to attached helping in the storage battery, uses as car bulb, also can be used for air conditioning for automobiles.This electric energy can also be stored in the capacitor, and it is supreme kilovolt to reach several hectovolts, can utilize in this capacitor the release in short-term of electric energy to make accelerator, quickens usefulness to electric automobile, can improve the performance of automobile.The energy of this recovery accounts for 20% of total power consumption.In switch transistor T ₅, T ₆Collector electrode and power supply between do not connect backward diode, winding can be commutated fast, when this phase winding by the time, motor does not produce brake phenomenon, so electric automobile can slide at a high speed.

When vehicle ' during at level road or descending, available change over switch S switches to vacant state with the contact of switch, makes automobile slide, as the needs electric power generation, switch is switched to generating state, uses as generator, gives batteries charging.When motor used as generator, change over switch S made S ₁Meet b, S ₂Meet d, S ₃Meet f, S ₄Meet h, thereby make winding L ₁, L ₃, L ₂, L ₄Series connection, switch S simultaneously ₅Disconnect the power supply of control circuit, S ₆Meet k, charge switch is connected, and the electric current of winding output is through diode D ₁, D ₂, D ₇, D ₈Batteries charging is sent in rectification, because 4 utmost point windings in series are arranged, if motor speed speed when making motor operation is the same, generating voltage will be 4 times of battery voltage, charge volume is relevant with the sliding speed of electric automobile, but individual rule is arranged, and charging current will be far longer than the electricity consumption electric current, when sliding speed drop to the highest sliding speed 1/2 the time, charging current is also greater than the electricity consumption battery more than one times.Vehicle generally can replenish about 20% electric energy to master battery pack in the operation way.

Position transducer is made up of the conductive plate 8 and the little brush 4 that are loaded on the motor shaft 6, conductive plate is divided into the piece number that equates with motor pole number, in this example, motor pole number is 4 utmost points, conductive plate 8 is divided into 4 symmetrically, wherein a pair of two 7 relative ground connection, another is unsettled to 5, for make magnetic field spatially electric angle remain 90 degree, consider the width of little brush, during separation, make two 7 of ground connection less than 90 degree, unsettled two 5 greater than 90 degree, and the signal of little brush output is divided into two-way, one the tunnel directly connects amplifying circuit, and another road is through triode T ₇The inverter of forming gives another amplifying circuit, and two paths of signals is by diode D ₉Isolate.Two groups of amplifying circuits are respectively by triode T ₁, T ₂And T ₃, T ₄Form, when little brush and ground connection one links, triode T ₁Base earth, make switch transistor T ₅End, by the not conducting of winding of this management and control system, another road ground signalling of little brush output is through triode T ₇Make triode T after anti-phase ₄Base stage be high potential, make switch transistor T ₆Conducting is by the winding conducting of this management and control system, triode T ₇Base stage be connected to diode D ₁₀-D ₁₆, T when guaranteeing little brush ground connection ₇Can reliably end.In like manner, when little brush was unsettled, power supply was through resistance R ₁To T ₁Base stage, making base stage is high potential, thereby makes T ₅Conducting; Power supply is through resistance R ₃To T ₇Base stage, make T ₇Conducting, thus make T ₄Base stage be electronegative potential, make switch transistor T ₆End.Along with conductive plate rotates, little brush replaces ground connection, unsettled, thereby makes two phase winding alternate conduction.

Also be connected to speed regulator 1 between power supply and amplifying circuit, this speed regulator is formed pulse generator by NAND gate integrated package 4011BP, the square wave that output pulse width is adjustable, control triode T ₈Conducting or end makes T ₈Export a duty ratio by the adjustable DC source of 5%-95%, its peak value is constant, and average voltage is adjustable, with the control rotating speed of motor.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of by motor body, position transducer, the multifunctional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor that control circuit is formed, the commutation signal of transducer output is sent control circuit, control motor each winding takes turns conducting, it is characterized in that: also have a change over switch, each winding of motor, power supply and control circuit switch are connected to respectively on the corresponding contacts of change over switch, described winding is the four extremely above even number utmost points, change over switch can make each winding of motor or in parallel or series connection, when in parallel, winding and control circuit be energized simultaneously, winding and control circuit and power supply disconnect during series connection, winding output energized after rectification.

2, multifunctional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described control circuit is made up of amplifying circuit and power switch pipe, switching tube is connected in the winding loop, the commutation signal that position transducer is sent here is sent switching tube through amplification, control switch pipe conducting or end, be connected to the electric power storage loop that electric capacity and diode are formed at the collector electrode of switching tube, between this electric capacity and diode, be connected to the electric energy that backward diode and load form and reclaim the loop.

3, multifunctional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described position transducer is made up of the conductive plate and the little brush that are loaded on the motor shaft, conductive plate is divided into the piece number that equates with motor pole number, every a ground connection, in addition unsettled, the signal of little brush output is divided into two-way, and one the tunnel send an amplifying circuit, and another amplifying circuit is given through inverter in another road.

4, multifunctional non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: be connected to speed regulator between power supply and amplifying circuit, this speed regulator is made up of pulse generator and power tube, the DC source of an EDM Generator of Adjustable Duty Ratio of output.

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