CN107031554A - 用于操作机动车辆的方法 - Google Patents

用于操作机动车辆的方法 Download PDF

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CN107031554A
CN107031554A CN201611111280.9A CN201611111280A CN107031554A CN 107031554 A CN107031554 A CN 107031554A CN 201611111280 A CN201611111280 A CN 201611111280A CN 107031554 A CN107031554 A CN 107031554A
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motor vehicles
side collision
laterally steering
steering power
tire
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托马什·帕维尔·格拉比克
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/016Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input
    • B60G17/0165Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input to an external condition, e.g. rough road surface, side wind
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0136Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to actual contact with an obstacle, e.g. to vehicle deformation, bumper displacement or bumper velocity relative to the vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/016Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/0195Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the regulation being combined with other vehicle control systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/20Spring action or springs
    • B60G2500/22Spring constant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/21Traction, slip, skid or slide control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/90System Controller type
    • B60G2800/925Airbag deployment systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R2021/0002Type of accident
    • B60R2021/0006Lateral collision
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R2021/01204Actuation parameters of safety arrangents
    • B60R2021/01211Expansion of air bags
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0134Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

提出一种用于在发生侧面碰撞的情况下操作机动车辆(2)的方法。该方法包含以下步骤:‑检测侧面碰撞,并且‑如果检测到侧面碰撞,则减小机动车辆(2)的轮胎在道路上的横向导向力。

Description

用于操作机动车辆的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在发生侧面碰撞的情况下操作机动车辆的方法。此外,本发明涉及一种具有用于触发侧面安全气囊和/或头部安全气囊系统(IC气帘)的传感器系统的机动车辆。
背景技术
在正面碰撞的情况下,机动车辆在行驶方向上碰撞障碍物,例如,另一机动车辆,而在侧面碰撞的情况下,机动车辆被另一机动车辆撞击,另一机动车辆的行驶方向与被撞击的机动车辆的行驶方向或多或少成90°的角度。例如,在这种类型的事故情形下,机动车辆的驾驶员车门被撞击是可能的。发生事故的机动车辆与树或杆横向碰撞而不与另一机动车辆碰撞也是可能的。
在这种类型的横向碰撞的情况下,为了减少机动车辆的乘员上的负荷,机动车辆包含用于提供横向保护的元件。在这种情况下,结构是例如机动车辆的B柱的碰撞导向结构、碰撞吸收梁(高强度铝型材)、以及专门构造的车门的钢肋。在发生横向碰撞的情况下,一部分动能通过所述结构被转移,并且使机动车辆的车身变形。然而,剩余部分的动能作用于机动车辆的乘员并且对所述乘员造成风险。
因此,存在进一步降低剩余部分的动能的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过一种用于在发生侧面碰撞的情况下操作机动车辆的方法来实现的,所述方法具有以下步骤:
-检测侧面碰撞,并且
-如果检测到侧面碰撞,则减小机动车辆的轮胎在道路上的横向导向力。
通过响应于检测到的侧面碰撞而减小机动车辆的轮胎在道路上的横向导向力,可以实现的是,轮胎的滑移量增加或静摩擦力被变成动摩擦力。因此,机动车辆在碰撞方向上更容易移动是可能的。因此,仅降低的减速度作用于乘员。换句话说,另一部分动能被转换成机动车辆的横向运动,使得作用于乘员的剩余部分的动能被减少。术语“横向导向力”应被理解为是指轮胎传送到机动车辆的结构的力。可以由轮胎传送到道路的横向导向力表示越过曲线的化界元件。最大可能的横向导向力的大小取决于滑移角、车轮负荷、滑移量、车轮外倾角以及轮胎和路面之间的摩擦力值或摩擦力。摩擦力与车轮处的重力和轮胎与道路之间的摩擦系数成比例。此外,这使得机动车辆的B柱的碰撞导向结构、碰撞吸收梁(高强度铝型材)和/或钢肋以不太可靠的方式体现并且因此重量更轻成为可能,这降低了机动车辆的总重量并且因此也降低了其燃料消耗量。
根据一个实施例,使用机动车辆的传感器系统来检测侧面碰撞,以便触发机动车辆的侧面安全气囊和/或头部安全气囊系统(IC气帘)。除此之外或作为对其的替代,使用至少一个激光雷达(LIDAR)传感器来检测侧面碰撞也是可能的,例如在无人驾驶车辆中所使用的。其结果是,由已经设置在机动车辆中的安全系统提供的传感器数据被使用,这显著降低了与结构变化有关的费用并且因此也显著降低了成本。
根据另一实施例,该机动车辆包含具有可变的弹性常数的车轮悬挂,并且横向导向力通过减小车轮悬挂的弹性常数来减小。换句话说,机动车辆包含弹簧/减振器组件,该弹簧/减振器组件的弹性和/或阻尼参数可以被改变,例如通过选择相应的自适应底盘控制程序。为此目的,这种类型的弹簧/减振器组件包含例如减振器中的可控电动阀。通过减小弹性常数,换句话说减小弹簧/减振器组件的硬度或弹性常数,横向导向力在侧面碰撞的时候被减小。
根据另一实施例,通过释放在与重力相反的方向上作用的能量来移动机动车辆,以便减小横向导向力。换句话说,车轮负荷以及因此摩擦力被减小,以便在侧面碰撞的时候减小横向导向力。
根据另一实施例,从机动车辆的减振器释放能量。这种能量可以是例如在减振器中的压力逸散作用下作为气体被释放的能量。利用已经存储的能量因此是可能的。
根据另一实施例,从爆炸释放能量。为此目的,在减振器中提供在侧面碰撞的时候点燃的爆炸性物质是可能的。通过指定爆炸性材料的量来指定或调节能量的量以便足够的能量被释放是可能的。
根据另一实施例,在检测侧面碰撞之前和/或期间和/或之后的另外的步骤中收集和评估机动车辆的环境数据。环境数据可以是被用于控制前照灯控制系统以便调节前照灯的光以适应道路路线的数据。使用已经提供的系统来收集环境数据因此是可能的,这显著降低了与结构变化相关的费用并且因此也显著降低了成本。除此之外或作为对其的替代,环境数据可以通过LIDAR传感器来生成。
根据另一实施例,针对二次事故的风险来评估环境数据并且如果环境数据的评估表明通过减小轮胎的横向导向力,二次事故的风险增加,则抑制轮胎的横向导向力的减小。由于避免了由减小轮胎的横向导向力而导致的二次事故,安全方面被因此再次增加。
根据另一实施例,针对障碍物和/或陡坡评估环境数据。由此防止机动车辆的轮胎的横向导向力的减小导致与道路边缘上的障碍物——例如树或柱——二次碰撞,或机动车辆被推到道路边缘上的陡坡上并且从所述陡坡滑下。
此外,本发明包括一种机动车辆,该机动车辆具有用于触发侧面安全气囊和/或头部安全气囊系统(IC气帘)的传感器系统和/或具有LIDAR传感器(例如在无人驾驶车辆的情况下)以及具有用于在检测到侧面碰撞的情况下减小机动车辆的轮胎与道路的横向导向力的可激活装置。
附图说明
以下参考附图来说明本发明,附图中:
图1示出了事故情形,以及
图2示出了体现用于执行根据本发明的方法的机动车辆的示例性实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1。
图1所示的事故情形是侧面碰撞,其中在第一行驶方向F1的方向上移动的第一机动车辆2被在第二行驶方向F2上移动的另一机动车辆4撞击,在当前的示例性实施例中,第二行驶方向F2与第一机动车辆2的第一行驶方向F1延伸成90°的角度。在当前的示例性实施例中,第一机动车辆2的驾驶员车门6被撞击。
接着参考图2。
示出了第一机动车辆2的各种部件。
示出的部件包括用于检测侧面碰撞的传感器系统8、侧面安全气囊和/或头部安全气囊系统10、自适应底盘控制装置12和底盘部件14以及检测装置16。传感器系统8被体现为:一旦检测到侧面碰撞,它就生成安全气囊触发信号A以便激活侧面安全气囊和/或头部安全气囊系统10。除此之外或作为对其的替代,提供至少一个LIDAR传感器9——例如无人驾驶车辆所使用的——也是可能的,通过该LIDAR传感器9,检测侧面碰撞是可能的。图1示出了具有设置在车顶上的LIDAR传感器9的第一机动车辆2。然而,除此之外或作为替代,一个或多个LIDAR传感器可以被用在车辆2上的其它合适的位点处。
此外,在当前的示例性实施例中,传感器系统8被体现为将安全气囊触发信号A引导到自适应底盘控制装置12和/或至少一个LIDAR传感器9被体现为将表明侧面碰撞的信号L引导到自适应底盘控制装置12。
一旦接收到安全气囊触发信号A或LIDAR信号L,自适应底盘控制装置12就生成控制信号S以便触发用于减小第一机动车辆2的轮胎在道路上的横向导向力的底盘部件14的可激活装置。
在当前的示例性实施例中,底盘部件14的可激活装置可以是具有可变的弹性常数的车轮悬挂,以便通过减小车轮悬挂的弹性常数或硬度来减小横向导向力,或底盘部件14被体现为移动来自第一机动车辆2的减振器的能量或来自与重力的方向相反的方向上第一机动车辆2周围的爆炸的能量,以便由此减小第一机动车辆2的轮胎与道路之间的横向导向力。为了释放储存在减振器中的能量,减振器可以包含为此目的而被打开的电磁阀。作为对此的替代,点燃减振器中的爆炸性填料是可能的。
在当前的示例性实施例中,检测装置16被分配给前照灯控制系统,该前照灯控制系统被体现为调节前照灯的光以适应道路路线。此外,检测装置16可以被连接到第一机动车辆2的导航装置以便能够访问所述导航装置上激活的环境数据U。也可以使用至少一个LIDAR传感器9来分析环境,其中生成例如三维地图。
环境数据U包括关于障碍物和/或陡坡到机动车辆的侧面的信息。自适应底盘控制装置12被体现为评估所述环境数据并且确定二次事故的风险。术语“二次事故的风险”应被理解为是指由于减小轮胎的横向导向力,很可能的是,将发生障碍物——例如道路边缘上的柱或树——与机动车辆的侧面的碰撞,或车辆将到达陡坡。此外,自适应底盘控制装置12被体现为如果确定的可能性高于规定的阈值则抑制控制信号S。
在操作状态下,一旦检测到侧面碰撞,传感器系统8就生成安全气囊触发信号A以便激活侧面安全气囊和/或头部安全气囊系统10。触发信号还可以例如使用至少一个LIDAR传感器9来发起。
此外,在第一步骤,将安全气囊触发信号A引导到自适应底盘控制装置12。
在第二步骤,自适应底盘控制装置12评估收集到的环境数据U并且确定二次事故的风险,然后将二次事故的风险与阈值进行比较。如果所确定的二次事故的风险高于阈值,则自适应底盘控制装置12抑制用于激活底盘部件14的可激活装置的控制信号S的生成。
另一方面,如果比较结果表明所确定的二次事故的风险小于阈值,则自适应底盘控制装置12生成控制信号S以便激活底盘部件14的可激活装置。
随后,在第三步骤,通过减小车轮悬挂的弹性常数来减小横向导向力,储存在减振器中的能量被释放或爆炸性材料爆炸以便减小第一机动车辆2的轮胎在道路上的横向导向力。
由此,第一机动车辆4可以在碰撞方向上被更容易地移动并且仅减小的减速度作用于乘员。换句话说,另一部分动能被转换成第一机动车辆2的横向运动使得作用于乘员的剩余部分的动能被进一步减小。
附图标记列表
2 第一机动车辆
4 第二机动车辆
6 驾驶员车门
8 传感器系统
9 LIDAR传感器
10 侧面安全气囊和/或和头部安全气囊系统
12 自适应底盘控制装置
14 底盘部件
16 检测装置
A 安全气囊触发信号
F1 行驶方向
F2 行驶方向
L LIDAR信号
S 控制信号
U 环境数据

Claims (10)

1.一种用于在发生侧面碰撞的情况下操作机动车辆(2)的方法,所述方法具有以下步骤:
-检测所述侧面碰撞,并且
-如果检测到所述侧面碰撞,则减小所述机动车辆(2)的轮胎在道路上的横向导向力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其中
使用用于触发所述机动车辆(2)的侧面安全气囊和/或头部安全气囊系统(10)的所述机动车辆(2)的传感器系统(8)和/或使用至少一个LIDAR传感器(9)来检测所述侧面碰撞。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,
其中
所述机动车辆(2)包含具有可变的弹性常数的车轮悬挂,并且通过减小所述车轮悬挂的所述弹性常数来减小所述横向导向力。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,
其中
通过释放在与重力的方向相反的方向上的能量来移动所述机动车辆(2),以便减小所述横向导向力。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,
其中
从所述机动车辆(2)的减振器释放能量。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,
其中
从爆炸释放能量。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中
在检测所述侧面碰撞之前和/或期间和/或之后的另外的步骤中收集和评估所述机动车辆(2)的环境数据。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,
其中
针对二次事故的风险来评估所述环境数据,并且如果所述环境数据的所述评估表明通过减小所述轮胎的所述横向导向力所述二次事故的所述风险增大,则抑制所述轮胎的所述横向导向力的减小。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,
其中
针对障碍物和/或陡坡来评估所述环境数据。
10.一种机动车辆(2),所述机动车辆(2)具有用于触发侧面安全气囊和/或头部安全气囊系统(14)的所述机动车辆(2)的传感器系统(8)和/或具有至少一个LIDAR传感器(9)以及具有可激活装置,所述可激活装置用于在检测到侧面碰撞的情况下减小所述机动车辆(2)的轮胎在道路上的横向导向力。
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DE102014218208B4 (de) 2014-09-11 2019-03-14 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines ersten Kraftfahrzeugs bei Erkennen eines unvermeidbaren Seitenaufpralls eines zweiten Kraftfahrzeugs auf das erste Kraftfahrzeug

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US20080071446A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2008-03-20 Daimlerchrysler Ag Method for Controlling a Safety-Relevant Component of a Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Comprising a Preventively Activated Safety System
CN102582407A (zh) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-18 福特全球技术公司 机动车辆
DE102011056240B3 (de) * 2011-12-09 2013-05-29 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Kraftfahrzeug
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