A kind of intelligent gel ink pen of bullet-type
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of stationery, specifically a kind of intelligent gel ink pen of bullet-type.
Background technology
The viscosity of writing medium is referred to as gel ink pen between the aqueous ball pen between oiliness;Gel ink pen originates from Japan,
It is a kind of novel writing implement of current prevalence in the world.Gel ink pen has the advantage of fountain pen and ball pen concurrently, writes hand
Sense is comfortable, and ink viscosity is relatively low, and increases the material easily lubricated, thus more smooth than common oiliness ball pen, is oiliness
The upgraded product of ball pen.
Written type:
1st, it is bullet-shaped
The nib of this gel ink pen is examined, we can have found that they are the same as a bullet.In the fabrication process,
A piece former rod is cut into a complete nib by us by metal cutting.The thicker nib of bullet-shaped suitable manufacture, city
More on face is 0.5MM, and most thick can reach 1.2.
2nd, needle tube type
Generally, such nib is referred to as " full needle tubing " by us.It just exists with bullet-shaped written key difference
In it is processed by non-cutting mode.Before nib is processed into, it is a complete tubule, by precision instrument from 3
3 concave points are made a call in individual direction in tubule front end, form the bowl seat of ball;And tubule below then forms the oil groove of triangle.Ink
Flowed out by oil groove, then go out ink by the scrolling bands of ball, complete writing process.Needle tube type is adapted to the thinner nib of manufacture,
Such as 0.30,0.25 etc..
3rd, half needle tubing
Half needle tubing be situated between sub warhead and needle tubing, profile is more attractive in appearance.Written tip can accomplish with needle tubing one
Sample is thin, and written tail end is big being with the tail end of sub warhead.Half needle tube type can manufacture relatively thin nib, for example
0.48,0.35 etc..
In present life, because user is when without using gel ink pen, the cap for brush is not put in time, and arbitrarily placed,
The ink for easily causing gel ink pen is drawn onto skin or clothes, and the ink processes removed on clothes are:
(1) alcohol is poured on clothes on the cut of gel ink pen, alcohol, wine will be uniformly covered on every one of cut
Essence will be not less than 75% pharmaceutical alcohol from concentration.
(2) put upwardly this of alcohol has been fallen on clothes, try not to contact other faces of clothes, otherwise gel ink pen
Marking color be possible to that the other parts of clothes can be contaminated.
(3) with common washbowl, more than half basin water is got out, the bleaching water of full two bottle cap has next been poured on clear water
In, note must be full two bottle cap.Slightly stir, add fraction of washing powder again afterwards, this amount can oneself palm
Hold.Also slightly stir afterwards, washing powder can be substantially soluble in water.
(4) clothes is fully immersed in water, the time is 20 minutes.Time is up, cleans clothes, then will not leave behind print
Note.
By the above method, after the ink of gel ink pen is drawn onto clothes, the process that cut is removed is complex,
In consideration of it, the invention provides a kind of scratch lettering pen for bullet-type gel ink pen, gel ink pen oil can be effectively reduced
Ink is drawn to the probability on skin or clothes.
The content of the invention
In order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of intelligent gel ink pen of heretofore described bullet-type, it can have
Effect reduces neutral pen inks and draws the cleaning trouble that user is reduced to the probability on skin or clothes.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:A kind of intelligent gel ink pen of bullet-type, including pen
Bar, pen core, nib, top cover, core cap and the cap for brush, pen core are arranged in penholder, and nib is arranged at the top of pen core lower end, penholder and installed
There is top cover, core cap is arranged on penholder bottom, and the cap for brush is enclosed on penholder;Be provided with the outside of described penholder PLC, switch,
Alarm and pressure sensor, described PLC are used for the automatic job for controlling each sensor in the present invention, and described opens
The electric power break-make for manually controlling the whole present invention is closed, described alarm is electrically connected with following liquid level sensors, pressure
Sensor is arranged on human hand and normally holds the position of pen, and for detecting whether people writes holding pen, penholder middle inside is connected free
Heart cylinder position-limiting drum, described pen core runs through position-limiting drum, and pen core can be slided up and down in position-limiting drum, and position-limiting drum rises
Effect be pen core is slided up and down all the time on the central axis of penholder, so as to will not shift and influence following mistakes
An iron block is fixed with the top of the reset of pen core in journey, pen core;Penholder inside upper part is provided with wind spring, wind spring be arranged on penholder with
Between pen core, pen core can be rotated in penholder, and wind spring can be resetted the pen core after rotation;Described top cover lower end
It is provided between an iron block at the top of an electromagnet and infrared sensor, an electromagnet and pen core and is connected with reset bullet
Spring, when a work of electromagnet, an electromagnet can apply a upward suction to an iron block so that pen core slides up
Dynamic, now back-moving spring is compressed, and the effect of back-moving spring is pen core slide downward is entered pen core by spring restoring force
Row resets.
Front and rear sides are symmetrically arranged with a pair of slide core grooves inside penholder, and pen core bottom front and rear sides are symmetrically arranged with a pair of cunnings
Pellet, slide core block is located at penholder lower end, and a pair of slide core blocks can be embedded in a pair of slide core grooves;When a pair of slide core blocks are not in a pair
When immediately below slide core groove, the slide core block upper end of pen core is in contact with penholder lower surface so that pen core without normal direction penholder inside
Slide;Described pen core right part is vertically arranged with sliding spring groove, and described coil spring ends are connected in penholder medial surface, and wind spring afterbody is embedding
Enter in sliding spring groove, the design cause wind spring rotate to carry while pen core synchronous axial system, pen core can also be slided up and down and
Wind spring is not pullled, so that wind spring will not hamper sliding up and down for pen core.
It is fixed with the penholder medial surface of coil spring ends on No. two iron blocks, wind spring and No. two electromagnet is installed;When No. two iron
When block is mutually adsorbed with No. two electromagnet, the angle vertical between a pair of slide core blocks of pen core and a pair of slide core grooves of penholder, now
Wind spring, which is in, shrinks impaction state;The effect of wind spring is to drive pen core to be rotated in the middle part of penholder, No. two iron blocks and No. two
The effect of electromagnet is so that pen core can be fastened in penholder without being rotated.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the oil trap of taper is provided with the middle part of described cap for brush medial surface,
Liquid level sensor is installed, oil trap is that the ink that pen core overflows is collected, and liquid level sensor detects stream in oil trap
During body ink, then alarm is issued a signal to, alarm, which is received, to be sent alarm to remind user after signal, prevent user
It is ignorant and subsequently open the cap for brush when ink splash with.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, described nib is bullet-type, and the written left and right sides is symmetrically set
It is equipped with the middle part of rotary head groove, described cap for brush lateral surface and is provided with embedding head bore, described embedding head bore is identical and embedding with written shape
Left and right ends are symmetrically arranged with rotary head projection on the inside of head bore, and rotary head projection can be embedded in rotary head groove;If without the design, due to
The written volume of bullet-type outside core cap is too small, and the also resistance of wind spring, so that user is turned by the nib
Move whole pen core difficulty it is very big so that the present invention it is inconvenient for use, practicality is not strong, and use the design then user only need by
The cap for brush is taken, by the cap for brush rotary head projection be embedded in nib rotary head groove, be rotated further by the cap for brush can easily realize to nib with
And rotation of the pen core in penholder, it is easy to operate, save manpower so that practicality of the invention is stronger.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, described penholder inside top face is evenly arranged with annular groove,
Top cover is made up of elastomeric material, and top cover lower outside face is evenly arranged with annular protrusion, and the annular protrusion of top cover can be embedded in
In the annular groove of penholder, and maximum inner diameter of the maximum gauge more than annular groove of annular protrusion, it can see by diagram, it is many
Individual annular protrusion is respectively embedded in multiple annular grooves, and the design causes top cover to be difficult to come off out of penholder;Because during top cover
Elastomeric material, with certain expansion retractility, so that the annular protrusion of top cover is capable of the insertion penholder of consolidation
In annular groove, when needing add ink to pen core, top cover need to only be extracted with hand, then will manually add black equipment from penholder top
Portion stretches into pen core, and the design causes the present invention to be easy to plus ink, so as to use for a long time.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the infrared sensor of described top cover lower end is located at the slide core of penholder
Directly over groove, so as to can be detected when slide core block is moved at slide core groove by infrared sensor, infrared sensor is detected
Afterwards, signal is sent to cause an electromagnet energization job, to apply a upward suction to an iron block so that pen core
Upward sliding so that in written retraction core cap, and infrared sensor infrared light close to slide core groove right side wall, the design
When being so that only whole slide core block is respectively positioned on immediately below slide core groove, infrared sensor can just be sensed, prevent slide core block also only
When having componental movement to slide core groove, infrared sensor is already sent that signal makes an electromagnet be powered and adsorbs an iron block, because
Still there is area to be stopped by penholder lower surface by now slide core block, pen core is slided without normal direction penholder top, and now slide core
Frictional force increase between block and penholder, have influence on wind spring drive pen core to rotate so that the slide core block of remainder area can not
Move to immediately below slide core groove, so as to stuck state occur;So the above-mentioned Position Design of infrared sensor can effectively make this
Invention normal work and avoid stuck situation.
As a kind of preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described penholder and the material of the cap for brush are PP plastics, PP modelings
Material is with light weight, good toughness, good chemical resistance, good flowing properties, stress crack resistance performance be good and flexible life height etc.
Advantage, the performance of PP plastics meets requirement of the blade in inventive energy, and existing certain intensity has certain toughness again.
As a kind of preferred technical scheme of the present invention, brightness impression device, brightness impression are also equipped with described core cap
Device is answered to be used to detect the bright size outside core cap, so as to judge whether the cap for brush covers nib, when brightness impression device determines core
When outside cap without light, then all electronic components power-off of the PLC control present invention, so as to avoid the waste of electricity.
Beneficial effect:
(1) the intelligent gel ink pen of heretofore described a kind of bullet-type, writes to hold pen for a long time in user, and nib
When not covered by the cap for brush, it can realize that in pen core retraction core cap, will effectively reduce user automatically is drawn to skin by nib
Be also avoided that in the probability of clothes, and pen core retraction core cap the gel ink pen dropped to because of collision on ground caused by written damage
Probability.
(2) brightness impression device is installed on the intelligent gel ink pen of heretofore described a kind of bullet-type, core cap, when using
When person no longer holds pen and write, luminance sensor can interpolate that whether nib is covered by the cap for brush, when judging nib to be covered by the cap for brush
When, the present invention can be automatically powered off, so as to avoid the unnecessary consumption of electric power.
(3) a kind of intelligent gel ink pen of heretofore described bullet-type, the design of its top cover and penholder causes top cover just
In being taken out at penholder, consequently facilitating adding for gel ink pen is black so that gel ink pen can be utilized repeatedly.
(4) the intelligent gel ink pen of heretofore described a kind of bullet-type, when user is write, pen core will not be sent out
Raw motion, so that the writing of user will not be hindered, and does not hold pen writing in user, and the cap for brush is not when covering, pen core then from
Dynamic rotation is retracted, when user takes up one's pen again, and written automatic spring, automaticity is high, easy to use.
(5) the intelligent gel ink pen of heretofore described a kind of bullet-type, it only senses user in a period of time
When inside holding, nib can just retract in core cap, can't because user puts down pen and core cap of retracting immediately, humanization designing.
(6) the intelligent gel ink pen of heretofore described a kind of bullet-type, it is fully examined when rotating bullet-type nib
Consider the nib of exposure outside smaller and be difficult to the shortcoming that rotates, groove be provided with sub warhead, using the projection on the cap for brush with
The mode that groove on sub warhead mutually agrees with rotates to sub warhead so that make the rotation of pen core convenient, so that the present invention is real
It is strong with property.
(7) a kind of intelligent gel ink pen of heretofore described bullet-type, its cap for brush is able to detect that whether pen core occurs
The situation of ink overflow, so as to remind user, prevent user ignorant and subsequently open the cap for brush when ink splash with.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram when present invention does not work;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram in nib retraction core cap of the invention;
A figures are position view of the slide core block relative to penholder of present invention pen core in writing in Fig. 3;
B figures are the position views of present invention wind spring in writing in Fig. 3;
A figures are of the invention when nib will retract in core cap, position view of the slide core block relative to penholder in Fig. 4;
B figures are the position views of present invention wind spring when nib will retract in core cap in Fig. 4;
Fig. 5 is that infrared sensor of the present invention acts on schematic diagram when on the slide core block of pen core;
Fig. 6 is the written schematic diagram of the invention i.e. A-A sectional drawings of nib;
Fig. 7 is the top view of the cap for brush of the present invention;
In figure:Penholder 1, pen core 2, nib 3, top cover 4, core cap 5, the cap for brush 6, wind spring 7, back-moving spring 8, position-limiting drum 11, cunning
Core groove 12, iron block 21, slide core block 22, sliding spring groove 23, rotary head groove 31, electromagnet 41, infrared sensor 42, an oil-collecting
Groove 61, embedding head bore 62, rotary head projection 621, No. two iron blocks 71, No. two electromagnet 72.
Embodiment
In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, tie below
Embodiment is closed, the present invention is expanded on further.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, a kind of bullet-type intelligence of the present invention is neutral
Pen, including penholder 1, pen core 2, nib 3, top cover 4, core cap 5 and the cap for brush 6, pen core 2 are arranged in penholder 1, and nib 3 is arranged on pen
The lower end of core 2, the top of penholder 1 is provided with top cover 4, and core cap 5 is arranged on the bottom of penholder 1, and the cap for brush 6 is enclosed on penholder 1;Described penholder
1 outside is provided with PLC, switch, alarm and pressure sensor, and described PLC is used to control in the present invention
The automatic job of each sensor, described switch is used for the electric power break-make for manually controlling the whole present invention, described alarm with
Following liquid level sensor electrical connections, pressure sensor is arranged on the position that human hand normally holds pen, for detecting whether people is holding
Pen writes, and the middle inside of penholder 1 is fixed with hollow cylinder position-limiting drum 11, and described pen core 2 runs through position-limiting drum 11, and pen core 2 can
To be slided up and down in position-limiting drum 11, the role of position-limiting drum 11 is to make pen core 2 all the time on the central axis of penholder 1
Slided up and down, thus will not shift and influence it is following during pen core 2 reset, the top of pen core 2 is fixed with No. one
Iron block 21;The inside upper part of penholder 1 is provided with wind spring 7, and wind spring 7 is arranged between penholder 1 and pen core 2, and pen core 2 can be in penholder 1
Interior to rotate, wind spring 7 can be resetted the pen core after rotation;The described lower end of top cover 4 is provided with a He of electromagnet 41
Back-moving spring 8 is connected between a number iron block 21 at infrared sensor 42, an electromagnet 41 and the top of pen core 2, when an electricity
When magnet 41 works, an electromagnet 41 can apply a upward suction to an iron block 21 so that the upward sliding of pen core 2,
Now back-moving spring 8 is compressed, and the effect of back-moving spring 8 is to make the slide downward of pen core 2 to enter pen core 2 by spring restoring force
Row resets.
The inside front and rear sides of penholder 1 are symmetrically arranged with a pair of slide core grooves 12, and the bottom front and rear sides of pen core 2 are symmetrically arranged with one
To slide core block 22, slide core block 22 is located at the lower end of penholder 1, and a pair of slide core blocks 22 can be embedded in a pair of slide core grooves 12;When a pair of cunnings
When pellet 22 is not in a pair of slide core 12 underfaces of groove, the upper end of slide core block 22 of pen core is in contact with the lower surface of penholder 1, so that
Pen core 2 is obtained without the internal slide of normal direction penholder 1;The described right part of pen core 2 is vertically arranged with sliding spring groove 23, the described end of wind spring 7
It is connected in the medial surface of penholder 1, the afterbody of wind spring 7 insertion sliding spring groove 23, it is synchronous to carry pen core 2 that the design causes wind spring 7 to rotate
While rotation, pen core 2 can also be slided up and down without pullling wind spring 7, so that wind spring 7 will not hamper pen core 2
Slide up and down.
It is fixed with the medial surface of penholder 1 of the end of wind spring 7 on No. two iron blocks 71, wind spring 7 and No. two electromagnet 72 is installed;When
When No. two iron blocks 71 are mutually adsorbed with No. two electromagnet 72, between a pair of slide core blocks 22 of pen core 2 and a pair of slide core grooves 12 of penholder 1
Angle vertical, now wind spring 7 be in shrink impaction state;The effect of wind spring 7 is to drive pen core 2 to do at the middle part of penholder 1 to rotate
Motion, the effect of No. two iron blocks 71 and No. two electromagnet 72 is so that pen core 2 can be fastened in penholder 1 and be transported without rotation
It is dynamic.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the oil trap of taper is provided with the middle part of the described medial surface of the cap for brush 6
61, liquid level sensor is installed, oil trap 61 is that the ink that pen core 2 overflows is collected, liquid level sensor in oil trap 61
When detecting fluid ink, then alarm is issued a signal to, alarm, which is received, to be sent alarm to remind user after signal, prevented
Only user it is ignorant and subsequently open the cap for brush 6 when ink splash with.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, described nib 3 is bullet-type, and written 3 left and right sides is symmetrical
It is provided with the middle part of rotary head groove 31, the described lateral surface of the cap for brush 6 and is provided with embedding head bore 62, described embedding head bore 62 and written 3 shape
Shape is identical, and the inner side left and right ends of embedding head bore 62 are symmetrically arranged with rotary head projection 621, and rotary head projection 621 can be embedded in rotary head groove
In 31;If without the design, because written 3 volumes of bullet-type outside core cap 5 are too small, and the also resistance of wind spring 7,
So that the difficulty that user rotates whole pen core 2 by the nib 3 is very big so that the present invention is inconvenient for use, and practicality is not strong,
And using the design, then user need to only take the cap for brush 6, and the rotary head projection 621 in the cap for brush 6 is embedded in the rotary head groove of nib 3
31, the rotation to nib 3 and pen core 2 in penholder 1 can easily be realized by being rotated further by the cap for brush 6, easy to operate, save manpower,
So that the practicality of the present invention is stronger.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the described inside top face of penholder 1 is evenly arranged with annular groove,
Top cover 4 is made up of elastomeric material, and the lower outside face of top cover 4 is evenly arranged with annular protrusion, and the annular protrusion of top cover 4 can
In the annular groove of embedded penholder 1, and maximum inner diameter of the maximum gauge more than annular groove of annular protrusion, it can be seen by diagram
Arrive, multiple annular protrusions are respectively embedded in multiple annular grooves, the design causes top cover 4 to be difficult to come off out of penholder 1;Because
Elastomeric material during top cover 4, with certain expansion retractility, so that the annular protrusion of top cover 4 is capable of the embedding of consolidation
In the annular groove for entering penholder 1, when needing add ink to pen core 2, top cover 4 need to only be extracted with hand, then will manually add ink
Equipment stretches into pen core 2 from the top of penholder 1, and the design causes the present invention to be easy to plus ink, so as to use for a long time.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the infrared sensor 42 of the described lower end of top cover 4 is located at penholder 1
Directly over slide core groove 12, so that can be detected when slide core block 22 is moved at slide core groove 12 by infrared sensor 42, it is infrared
After sensor 42 is detected, signal is sent to cause the energization work of electromagnet 41, to apply one to an iron block 21
Upward suction so that the upward sliding of pen core 2, so that in written 3 retraction core cap 5, and the infrared light of infrared sensor 42
Line is infrared when the design is so that only whole slide core block 22 is respectively positioned on slide core 12 underface of groove close to the right side wall of slide core groove 12
Sensor 42 can just sense, when preventing that slide core block 22 from also only having componental movement to slide core groove 12, and infrared sensor 42 is just
Sending signal makes an energization number iron block 21 of absorption of electromagnet 41, because now slide core block 22 still has area by penholder 1
Lower surface is stopped that pen core 2 is slided without normal direction penholder top, and the now frictional force increase between slide core block 22 and penholder 1, shadow
Ringing the slide core block for driving pen core to rotate so that remainder area to wind spring 7 can not move to immediately below slide core groove 12, so that
There is stuck state;So the above-mentioned Position Design of infrared sensor 42 can effectively make normal work of the present invention and avoid stuck
Situation.
As a kind of preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described penholder 1 and the material of the cap for brush 6 are PP plastics, PP
Plastics have good light weight, good toughness, chemical resistance, good flowing properties, stress crack resistance performance is good and flexible life is high
The advantages of, the performance of PP plastics meets requirement of the blade in inventive energy, and existing certain intensity has certain toughness again.
As a kind of preferred technical scheme of the present invention, brightness impression device, brightness impression are also equipped with described core cap 5
Device is answered to be used to detect the bright size outside core cap 5, so as to judge whether the cap for brush 5 covers nib 3, when brightness impression device is determined
When outside core cap 5 without light, then all electronic components power-off of the PLC control present invention, so as to avoid the waste of electricity.
The course of work:
Under original state, when a pair of slide core blocks 22 of pen core 2 are not in a pair of slide core 12 underfaces of groove, the slide core block of pen core
22 upper ends are in contact with the lower surface of penholder 1, and the cap for brush 6 is enclosed on penholder lower end, and No. two iron blocks 71 and No. two electromagnet 72 are unadsorbed
Together, now wind spring is in fully relaxed state.(as shown in Figure 1)
When needing to be write with this, then manually the cap for brush 6 is removed, and the rotary head projection 621 in the cap for brush 6 is embedded in
The rotary head groove 31 of nib 3, is rotated further by the cap for brush 6 to realize the rotation to nib 3 and pen core 2 in penholder 1, is revolved in pen core 2
During turning, wind spring 7 carries out contraction compression, until No. two electromagnet 72 on wind spring 7 are close to No. two iron blocks 71, now PLC
Controller controls No. two electromagnet 72 to be powered so that No. two electromagnet 72 adsorb No. two iron blocks 71 (as shown in Figure 3), so that
Obtain wind spring 7 to be fastened with No. two iron blocks 71, so that wind spring 7 can not shrink again, and then pen core 2 can not be rotated again, now, wind spring
7 in impaction state is shunk, and user stops the rotation to nib, and the cap for brush 6 is enclosed on into the upper end of penholder 1, and then user holds
The pen is write.
When user stops holding pen writing, and stop holding after pen reaches certain time, brightness impression device determines core cap 5
Whether there is light, when judging no light, then illustrate that user puts the cap for brush 6, then the PLC control present invention's is all
Electronic component is powered off;When judging there is light, then illustrate that user does not hold pen for a long time and write, and the cap for brush 6 does not cover nib 3,
Then now, pressure sensor sends a signal to PLC, and PLC controls No. two electromagnet 72 to power off so that No. two electricity
Magnet 72 departs from No. two iron blocks 71, and wind spring 7 is recovered from impaction state is shunk to relaxed state, the process resetted in wind spring 7
In, wind spring 7 drives pen core 2 to be rotated in penholder 1, and the rotation of pen core 2 drives slide core block 22 to be rotated in the lower surface of penholder 1, works as slide core
When block 22 is fully moved at slide core groove 12 (as shown in Figure 4), it can be detected by infrared sensor 42, infrared sensor 42 is examined
After measuring, signal is sent to cause the energization work of electromagnet 41, to apply a upward suction to an iron block 21,
So that the upward sliding of pen core 2, so that in written 3 retraction core cap 5, it is to avoid the ink of nib 3 draw to user skin or
Clothes, now back-moving spring 8 is in compressive state;
When pressure sensor senses that user holds again, then an electromagnet 41 is powered off, a nothing of electromagnet 41
Method adsorbs an iron block 21 again, so that the quick ejection downwards again under the restoring force effect of back-moving spring 8 of pen core 2, so that
Obtain written 3 to stretch out outside core cap 5 again, allow the user to be continuing with the pen.
The basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the simply explanation present invention of the description in above-described embodiment and specification
Principle, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, and these change and changed
Enter all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent
Define.