CN107026214B - High-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard, high-heat-dissipation solar cell assembly and manufacturing method of backboard - Google Patents
High-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard, high-heat-dissipation solar cell assembly and manufacturing method of backboard Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard, a high-heat-dissipation solar cell module and a manufacturing method of the backboard. The high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard comprises a high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer, a base material layer and an inner layer which has good adhesive force with a packaging material, wherein the high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer and the inner layer which has good adhesive force with the packaging material are functional fluorine-containing coatings containing carbon nano tubes and/or graphene. The beneficial effects are as follows: the layers of the whole back plate are tightly combined by chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals force, and the back plate is a typical non-layered and integrated structure. The back plate contains fluorine on two sides, and the long-term reliability of the assembly is improved. The heat conductivity coefficient and the heat radiation efficiency of the back plate can be regulated and controlled through the contents of the carbon nano tubes and the graphene; the heat generated in the battery assembly is timely dissipated, the working temperature of the assembly is expected to be effectively reduced by 2-6 ℃, the output power of the photovoltaic assembly is improved by 1-2%, the service life of the battery is protected, and the power generation cost of the assembly is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar cells, in particular to a high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard, a high-heat-dissipation solar cell module and a manufacturing method of the backboard.
Background
A solar cell is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy by the photovoltaic effect. The electric energy is obtained in a renewable environment-friendly power generation mode, namely greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and the like are not generated in the power generation process, and the environment is not polluted, so that the solar energy is a typical clean energy. The most important parameter for solar cells is conversion efficiency, generally speaking, land-based photovoltaic power generation is based on different power generation materials, the conversion rate is generally between 10% and 30%, which means that the rest solar energy is converted into heat energy and other forms to be lost, and therefore, the continuous improvement of the conversion rate of a photovoltaic module is the key for reducing the power generation cost.
Photovoltaic power generation currently has a use scale of hundreds of GWs (installed power generation capacities) around the world, including an independent photovoltaic power generation system, a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, a distributed photovoltaic power generation system, and the like, and is advancing to large-scale commercial application. In practical applications, a photovoltaic power generation system is generally under high solar radiation, and the power generation performance of the photovoltaic power generation system is greatly influenced by the natural environment, wherein the operating temperature of a solar cell module, which is one of the main factors influencing the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, is a main component of the system. The solar cell module is the core of a photovoltaic power generation system, and the structure of the solar cell module is generally formed by packaging front plate glass, cell string and back plate through EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) glue. The cell slice is mainly a silicon-based semiconductor, such as a monocrystalline silicon cell, a polycrystalline silicon cell, an amorphous silicon cell and the like. The solar cell back plate is the most important part of the module except the cell, mainly plays a role in protecting the module and ensures that the module can normally work for more than 25 years under various climatic conditions.
The influence of temperature on the solar cell is mainly reflected in that parameters of the solar cell, such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, peak power and the like, change along with the change of the working temperature of the cell. The open circuit voltage of the battery decreases with increasing temperature. In general, the open-circuit voltage is reduced by about 2mV when the temperature rises by 1 ℃; the short-circuit current increases along with the increase of the temperature, the power peak value of the battery decreases along with the increase of the temperature, and the power loss of the battery is about 0.4 percent when the temperature increases by 1 ℃. Under the condition of higher working temperature, the open-circuit voltage of the silicon-based solar cell is greatly reduced along with the increase of the temperature, meanwhile, the serious deviation of a charging working point is caused, the system is easily damaged due to insufficient charging, the output power of the silicon-based solar cell is also greatly reduced along with the increase of the temperature, so that the solar cell module cannot exert the maximum performance, and the power generation cost is increased. The existing module is obtained by sequentially stacking glass, EVA, a battery piece, EVA and a back plate and then laminating. The assembly is not provided with a specific heat dissipation device, so that a large amount of heat absorbed by the assembly in an outdoor environment is difficult to diffuse and accumulate rapidly, and the power generation efficiency of the assembly is seriously influenced. In principle, the heat dissipation problem of the back surface of the solar module is not substantially different from the heat dissipation problem of the conventional electric appliance. However, since the photovoltaic system requires a low-cost and long-life solution, the long-term reliability and heat dissipation of the back sheet are integrated and are a perfect solution. Because the materials of the back plate are mostly high polymer materials, the heat conduction radiation performance and the radiation performance of the back plate are low, and the back plate is necessary to be modified. Chinese patent publication No. CN 104952955A, published as 2015, 09/30, discloses a black heat-dissipating coating applied to a back plate in a finished or semi-finished component, which is cured to form a high heat-dissipating layer on the outer side of the back plate. The construction target of the coating is a finished product or a semi-finished product of the component, the volume and the weight are both large, the operation is inconvenient, the large-scale continuous production is not facilitated, the bonding between the coating and the back plate is not firm, and the coating has the risk of falling off. Once the coating is stripped off, the heat dissipation function of the back plate is no longer present. Therefore, a more efficient and reliable solution is sought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a solar cell back plate and a solar cell module with high weather resistance, high wear resistance, high barrier and high heat dissipation and a preparation method of the back plate.
The invention provides a high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard, which comprises the following technical scheme:
the high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard comprises a high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer, a base material layer and an inner layer with good adhesive force with a packaging material, which are sequentially arranged, wherein the high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer and the inner layer with good adhesive force with the packaging material are functional fluorine-containing coatings containing carbon nano tubes and/or graphene.
Wherein, the surface of the outer layer of the air surface with high heat dissipation is grafted with a polar monomolecular layer.
The thicknesses of the outer layer of the air surface with high heat dissipation and the inner layer with good bonding force with the packaging material EVA are both in micron order.
Wherein, the functional fluorine-containing coating comprises functional polymer fluororesin with active groups, a curing agent, an auxiliary agent and a filler.
The functional polymer fluororesin is a fluororesin obtained by copolymerizing one or more of fluoroethylene, difluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene and a functional monomer containing an active group, wherein the active group comprises hydroxyl, carboxyl or amino, and the functional monomer is a polymerizable organic molecule containing an unsaturated bond, a double bond or a triple bond.
The curing agent is a multifunctional curing agent containing isocyanate groups, epoxy groups or amino groups, copolymerization refers to a process of changing small molecules into macromolecules initiated by an initiator, and the initiator is an azido or peroxide organic molecule which can be decomposed to release free radicals under the action of heat, light, radiation or microwaves.
The carbon nano tube is a single-wall carbon nano tube or a multi-wall carbon nano tube, the diameter of the carbon nano tube is in a nanometer level, and the length of the carbon nano tube is in a micrometer or millimeter level.
The graphene is single-molecular-layer graphene or multi-molecular-layer graphene, the thickness of the graphene is in a nanometer level, and the apparent size of the graphene is in a micrometer-millimeter level.
Wherein the mass percentage of the carbon nano tube and/or the graphene in the functional fluorine-containing coating is 0.1-10%.
The carbon nanotube is a carbon nanotube without surface modification or a carbon nanotube with surface modification, and the graphene is graphene without surface modification or graphene with surface modification.
Wherein, the substrate layer is PET, PP, PE or PO, and its thickness is micron to millimeter level.
Wherein, two surfaces of the substrate layer are subjected to plasma surface activation and etching treatment.
The invention also provides a high-heat-dissipation solar cell module which comprises the high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding 0.1-10% by mass of carbon nano tubes and/or graphene into the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating;
2) carrying out online plasma surface treatment on a substrate layer coiled material with the thickness of 38-300 microns and the width of 1-4 meters, wherein the linear speed of the treatment is 5-100 meters per minute, and uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating containing carbon nano tubes and/or graphene on the surface of the substrate layer by using a tape casting technology; curing at 120-160 ℃ for 50-500 seconds to obtain a high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer, and grafting a polar monomolecular layer on the surface of the high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer;
3) and carrying out plasma treatment on the other surface of the substrate layer, uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating on the surface of the substrate layer by using a tape casting technology, and curing at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 50-500 seconds to obtain the inner layer with good adhesive force.
The invention also provides another preparation method of the high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding 0.1-10% by mass of carbon nano tubes and/or graphene into the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating;
2) carrying out online plasma surface treatment on two surfaces of a substrate layer coiled material with the thickness of 38-300 microns and the width of 1-4 meters, wherein the linear speed of the treatment is 5-100 meters per minute, and uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating containing carbon nanotubes and/or graphene on the two surfaces of the substrate layer by using a flow casting technology;
3) curing the base material layer at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 50-500 seconds to obtain a high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer and an inner layer with good adhesive force;
4) and grafting a polar monomolecular layer on the surface of the air surface with high heat dissipation.
The implementation of the invention comprises the following technical effects:
the invention provides a novel high-heat-dissipation solar cell back panel based on carbon nano tubes and graphene, which consists of a substrate layer, a high-heat-dissipation and high-weather-resistance air contact outer layer based on the carbon nano tubes and the graphene and a high-heat-dissipation inner layer capable of having good adhesive force with an encapsulating material EVA. After the surface of the substrate layer is subjected to plasma surface modification, coating comprising carbon nanotubes, graphene, a functional fluorine-containing material, a curing agent and the like is coated, and a high-heat-dissipation, wear-resistant and high-weather-resistant air contact outer layer is obtained through a specific curing process. And then, a polar monomolecular layer is grafted on the surface of the fluorine-containing coating in the air surface by a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) technology, so that the defects of low surface energy and weak adhesive force of a fluorine-containing material are overcome, and the back plate is firmly adhered to the junction box in the assembly. Under similar process conditions, the other surface of the substrate layer is coated with a coating consisting of carbon nano tubes, graphene, a functional fluorine-containing material, a curing agent, an auxiliary agent, other fillers and the like after being subjected to plasma surface modification, and an inner layer with good adhesive force with the packaging material EVA is obtained through a curing process. The whole back plate layer is tightly combined by chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals force, and is a typical non-layered and integrated structure. The double surfaces of the back plate contain fluorine, so that the long-term reliability of the assembly is improved, and the heat conductivity and the heat radiation efficiency of the back plate can be regulated and controlled through the contents of the carbon nano tubes and the graphene; the heat generated in the battery component is timely dissipated, the working temperature of the component is expected to be effectively reduced by 2-6 ℃, and the output power of the photovoltaic component is improved by 1-2%. The heat transfer direction of the back plate can also be regulated and controlled by the orientation of the carbon nano tubes or the graphene in the coating, so that heat generated in the working process of the assembly can be effectively diffused in time according to a specific direction, and the temperature rise caused by heat accumulation is avoided.
The backboard provided by the invention fully integrates various requirements of the assembly on the performance of the backboard, various performance indexes of the backboard are controllable and adjustable, and the preparation process is flexible, so that the backboard provides a powerful guarantee for the long-term stability of the assembly. The output power of the assembly is improved, the service life of the battery is protected, and the power generation cost of the assembly is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-walled carbon nanotube structure used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a multi-walled carbon nanotube used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface-modified single-walled carbon nanotube used in the present invention (R represents any chemical group).
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube used in the present invention (R represents any chemical group).
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of single-layer graphene used in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of multilayer graphene used in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of surface-modified single-layer graphene used in the present invention (R represents any chemical group).
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of surface-modified multi-layered graphene used in the present invention (R represents any chemical group).
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments and drawings, it being noted that the described embodiments are only intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and do not limit it in any way.
Referring to fig. 9, the present embodiment provides a high heat dissipation type solar cell backsheet, which includes a high heat dissipation air surface outer layer 2, a substrate layer 1, and an inner layer 4 having good adhesion with an encapsulation material, which are sequentially disposed, where the high heat dissipation air surface outer layer 2 and the inner layer 4 having good adhesion with the encapsulation material are both functional fluorine-containing coatings containing carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. The back plate with the structure is a typical non-layered and integrated structure, and the layers are tightly combined by chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals force. The double-sided fluorine of backplate has improved the long-term reliability of subassembly, and the introduction of carbon nanotube and two heat dissipation layers of graphite alkene base can in time distribute away the heat that produces in the battery pack, is expected to reduce photovoltaic module's operating temperature 2 to 6 ℃, improves the output work of subassembly, the life-span of protection battery, reduces the power generation cost of subassembly.
Preferably, the surface of the high heat dissipating air-plane outer layer 2 is grafted with a polar monolayer 3. A polar monomolecular layer 3 is grafted on the surface of the fluorine-containing coating in the air surface by a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) technology, so that the surface energy of the fluorine-containing material can be increased, the defect of weak adhesive force of the fluorine-containing material can be overcome, the back plate and the junction box in the assembly are firmly adhered, and the junction box is prevented from falling off. The coating thickness of the high heat dissipating air-plane outer layer 2 is in the order of micrometers, preferably 1 to 100 micrometers. The inner layer with good bonding force with the packaging material EVA is also formed by curing a functional fluorine-containing coating containing carbon nano tubes or graphene, and the coating thickness is micron-sized, preferably 1-100 microns. The coating has physicochemical properties similar to those of EVA, so that the coating has good adhesive force with the EVA serving as the packaging material of the battery piece, the risk of separation of the backboard from the battery piece in the use process is reduced, and the long-term reliability of the assembly is improved.
The functional fluorine-containing coating comprises functional polymer fluororesin with active groups, a curing agent, an auxiliary agent and a filler, wherein the filler can be inorganic filler and organic filler, the components are prepared into coating liquid, and the coating liquid is cured to form the functional fluorine-containing coating. The functional polymer fluororesin is a fluororesin obtained by copolymerizing one or more of vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene with other functional monomers containing active groups, wherein the active groups comprise reactive groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and the like, the functional monomers refer to polymerizable organic molecules containing unsaturated bonds (double bonds or triple bonds), the copolymerization refers to a process of changing small molecules into macromolecules initiated by an initiator, such as free radical type copolymerization, ionic type copolymerization or atom transfer radical polymerization and the like, and the initiator refers to azide type or peroxide organic molecules which can be decomposed and release free radicals under the action of heat, light, radiation or microwaves. The curing agent is a polyfunctional group curing agent containing isocyanate group, epoxy group or amino group. The curing mode is one or more of thermal curing, radiation curing, microwave curing or photo-curing.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the carbon nanotube is a single-walled carbon nanotube or a multi-walled carbon nanotube, the carbon nanotube has a large aspect ratio, the diameter of the carbon nanotube is in the nanometer range, preferably 1 to 100 nanometers, and the length of the carbon nanotube is in the micrometer or millimeter range, preferably 1 micrometer to 10 millimeters. Referring to fig. 5 to 8, the graphene is a single-molecular layer graphene or a multi-molecular layer graphene, the thickness of the graphene is nano-scale, preferably 1 to 100 nm, and the apparent size of the graphene (i.e., graphene nanoplatelet size) is micrometer to millimeter, preferably 1 micrometer to 10 mm. The mass percentage of the carbon nano tube and/or the graphene in the functional fluorine-containing coating is 0.1-10% (wt%), preferably 2-6%. The carbon nanotube or graphene can be subjected to surface modification without surface modification or surface modification, the surface modification can be chemical modification or physical modification, and the modified surface has different chemical groups. The carbon nanotubes and graphene have excellent heat dissipation performance due to the above limitations on physical dimensions and chemical properties.
The substrate layer 1 may be a polymer material or a composite material, preferably PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PO (propylene oxide), or the like, having a thickness of the order of micrometers to millimeters, for example, 50 micrometers to 10 millimeters. Preferably, the back plate takes PET with the thickness of 38-300 microns as a base material, the mechanical strength, the barrier property and the insulating property of the PET can be fully exerted, two surfaces of the base material layer 1 are subjected to plasma surface activation and etching treatment, then functional fluororesin containing carbon nano tubes or graphene is coated, and an outer layer and an inner layer are formed through a curing process. The surface treatment is carried out on the PET by adopting a plasma technology, the surface is etched and activated while organic pollutants on the surface of the PET are cleaned, and the adhesion is increased. If the heat conductivity coefficient and the heat radiation efficiency of the outer layer of the air surface can be regulated and controlled according to the content of the carbon nano tubes or the graphene in the coating, the working temperature of the assembly can be expected to be effectively reduced by 2-6 ℃, the output power of the photovoltaic assembly is improved by 1-2%, and the heat transfer direction of the air surface can be regulated and controlled through the orientation of the carbon nano tubes or the graphene in the coating. The combination between the outer layer of the air surface with high heat dissipation and the base material and the combination between the inner layer and the base material are all strong chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces, so that the integration among the layers is perfect, and the whole back plate is a membrane adhesive integrated structure.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are tubular carbon molecules, and are classified into single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes according to the number of layers of the tube (see fig. 1 to 4). The diameter of the tube is very thin, only in nanometer scale, and the length of the tube in the axial direction can reach tens of microns to hundreds of microns. Due to the huge aspect ratio (radial dimension on the order of nanometers and axial dimension on the order of micrometers), carbon nanotubes behave as typical one-dimensional quantum materials with many special properties. For example, carbon nanotubes are the most desirable functional filler for heat-dissipating coatings, and are among the best thermally conductive materials known in the world today. It is a one-dimensional nano material, has large specific surface area, is known as the most dark substance in the world, and has an emissivity coefficient close to 1. Compared with granular and other heat dissipating fillers, the nanotube-shaped material is easier to form a heat conducting network, has obvious effect of strengthening and toughening the coating, and can form a uniform, smooth and excellent mechanical property film when the coating is very thin, such as 5-10 microns. The carbon nano tube heat dissipation coating has the remarkable characteristics of strong radiation capability, thin coating and small thermal resistance, can excite the resonance effect of the surface of a material, remarkably improves the far infrared emission efficiency, and accelerates the rapid heat dissipation from the surface.
Graphene is also a special material, and is a two-dimensional material which is formed by carbon atoms in sp2 hybridized orbitals, hexagonal, honeycomb-shaped, thin in plane (flaky) (see fig. 5-8), and only one carbon atom is thick, and has anisotropy of performance, namely, the performance in the direction parallel to the flakes is greatly different from the performance in the direction perpendicular to the flakes. Graphene is the thinnest and the hardest nano material in the world at present, is almost completely transparent, only absorbs 2.3 percent of light, has the thermal conductivity coefficient as high as 5300W/m.K (in the direction parallel to the scale), and is higher than that of a carbon nano tube. Similar to carbon nanotubes, the thermal conductivity and thermal radiation efficiency of the graphene-based heat dissipation coating can also be regulated by the amount of graphene, and the direction of heat transfer can be adjusted according to the orientation of graphene.
The embodiment also provides a high-heat-dissipation solar cell module which comprises the high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard.
The following examples are used to describe the preparation method of the above-mentioned solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation performance:
example 1
The preparation method of the high heat dissipation type solar cell backboard of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) adding 3 percent (wt%) of single-walled carbon nanotubes which are not subjected to surface modification into the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating;
2) carrying out online plasma surface treatment on a substrate layer 1 (PET selected in the embodiment) coil with the thickness of 38-300 microns and the width of 1-4 m, wherein the linear speed of the treatment is 5-100 m/min, and uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing paint on the surface of the substrate layer 1 by using a casting technology; curing the mixture in a microwave field at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 50-500 seconds to obtain a high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer 2 (an air surface contact protective layer), and grafting a polar monolayer 3 on the surface of the high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer 2 by a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) technology;
3) and carrying out plasma treatment on the other surface of the substrate layer 1, uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating on the surface of the substrate layer 1 by using a tape casting technology, and curing in a microwave field under the conditions of 120-160 ℃ and 50-500 seconds to obtain the inner layer with good adhesive force.
The prepared fluorine-containing coating in step 1) in advance comprises functional polymer fluororesin with active groups, a curing agent, an auxiliary agent and a filler;
the functional polymer fluororesin is a fluororesin obtained by copolymerizing one or more of fluoroethylene, difluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene with a functional monomer containing an active group, wherein the active group comprises hydroxyl, carboxyl or amino, and the functional monomer is a polymerizable organic molecule containing an unsaturated bond, a double bond or a triple bond;
the curing agent is a polyfunctional curing agent containing isocyanate groups, epoxy groups or amino groups, copolymerization refers to a process of changing small molecules into macromolecules initiated by an initiator, and the initiator is an azido or peroxide organic molecule which can be decomposed to release free radicals under the action of heat, light, radiation or microwaves.
Example 2
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 3% (wt%) of surface-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes are added to the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 3
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 3% (wt%) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes without surface modification are added into the prepared fluorine-containing coating in advance, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 4
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 3% (wt%) of surface-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to the prepared fluorine-containing coating in advance, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 5
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 3% (wt%) of single-layer graphene without surface modification is added to the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 6
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the present embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 3% (wt%) of surface-modified single-layer graphene is added to a prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 7
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the present embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 3% (wt%) of multilayer graphene without surface modification is added to the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 8
The high-heat-dissipation solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 3% (wt%) of surface-modified multi-layer graphene is added to a prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat-dissipation coating.
Example 9
The high-heat-dissipation solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 1% (wt%) of single-walled carbon nanotubes which are not surface-modified, 0.5% (wt%) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes which are not surface-modified, 1% (wt%) of single-layer graphene which is not surface-modified, and 0.5% (wt%) of multi-layer graphene which is not surface-modified are added to the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat-dissipation coating.
Example 10
The high-heat-dissipation solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 1% (wt%) of surface-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes, 0.5% (wt%) of surface-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 1% (wt%) of surface-modified single-layer graphene, and 0.5% (wt%) of surface-modified multi-layer graphene are added to a prepared fluorine-containing coating in advance, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat-dissipation coating.
Example 11
The preparation method of the high heat dissipation type solar cell backboard of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) adding 3% by mass of carbon nanotubes and graphene into the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the heat-dissipation functional fluorine-containing coating;
2) carrying out online plasma surface treatment on two surfaces of a substrate layer 1 coiled material with the thickness of 38-300 microns and the width of 1-4 meters, wherein the linear speed of the treatment is 5-100 meters per minute, and uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating containing carbon nanotubes and graphene on the two surfaces of the substrate layer 1 by using a flow casting technology;
3) curing the substrate layer 1 at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 50-500 seconds to obtain the air surface outer layer 2 with high heat dissipation and the inner layer with good adhesive force;
4) and grafting a polar monomolecular layer 3 on the surface of the outer layer 2 of the high-heat-dissipation air surface by a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) technology.
Example 12
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in embodiment 1, except that in step 1), 1% (wt%) of surface-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes or non-surface-modified graphene is added to a prepared fluorine-containing coating in advance, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 13
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 10% (wt%) of surface-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene which is not surface-modified are added into a prepared fluorine-containing coating in advance, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 14
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 8% (wt%) of carbon nanotubes and graphene are added to the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 15
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the present embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 6% (wt%) of multilayer graphene without surface modification is added to the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain the functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Example 16
The high heat dissipation type solar cell back plate of the present embodiment is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that in step 1), 5% (wt%) of surface-modified multi-layer graphene is added to a prepared fluorine-containing coating, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain a functional fluorine-containing heat dissipation coating.
Compared with the prior art, the solar cell back plate with high weather resistance, high wear resistance, high barrier property and high heat dissipation prepared by the methods of the embodiments 1 to 16 has the following advantages:
1) and the surface of the PET is treated by the plasma, so that the surface of the PET is cleaned, the residual grease on the surface in the manufacturing process of the PET is removed, the weak interaction layer is eliminated, and the adhesive force between the coating and the PET is greatly improved.
2) The PET surface is activated while being etched by the plasma, so that the surface is rich in-OH and-NH2And (e) active groups such as COOH and the like, wherein the active groups can participate in the curing and crosslinking reaction of the coating, so that the coating and PET are perfectly integrated, and the non-layered film adhesive integrated coating is obtained.
3) The introduction of the carbon nano tube and the graphene can greatly improve the heat conductivity coefficient of the back plate, heat generated in the working process of the assembly can be effectively dissipated in time, the working temperature of the assembly is reduced, and the output power of the assembly is improved.
4) The heat conduction direction of the backboard can also be regulated and controlled through the orientation of the carbon nano tubes and the graphene, and the heat accumulated by the assembly can be dissipated according to the specific heat conduction direction.
5) And a polar monomolecular layer is grafted on the surface of the fluorine-containing coating in the air surface by a PECVD technology so as to increase the surface energy of the fluorine-containing material and overcome the defect of weak adhesive force, so that the backboard is firmly adhered to the junction box in the assembly, and the junction box is prevented from falling off.
6) The backboard fully satisfies various performances of the assembly required by the backboard, the integration between layers is perfect, the failure of the assembly caused by the layering of the backboard in practical application is avoided, the working temperature of the high-heat-dissipation backboard is expected to be reduced by 2-6 ℃, the output power of the assembly is greatly improved, and the power generation cost is effectively reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The utility model provides a high radiating type solar cell backplate, includes the high radiating air side skin that sets gradually, substrate layer and the inlayer that has good adhesive force with packaging material, its characterized in that: the outer layer of the air surface with high heat dissipation and the inner layer with good adhesive force with the packaging material are both functional fluorine-containing coatings containing carbon nano tubes and/or graphene;
the surface of the outer layer of the high-heat-dissipation air surface is grafted with a polar monomolecular layer, and the polar monomolecular layer is grafted on the outer surface of the outer layer of the air surface through a PECVD technology; the surface of the carbon nano tube and/or the graphene is modified to have different chemical groups;
the functional fluorine-containing coating comprises functional polymer fluororesin with active groups, a curing agent, an auxiliary agent and a filler, wherein the active groups comprise hydroxyl, carboxyl or amino.
2. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation capacity of claim 1, wherein: the thicknesses of the outer layer of the air surface with high heat dissipation and the inner layer with good bonding force with the packaging material are both in micron order.
3. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation capacity of claim 1, wherein: the functional polymer fluororesin is a fluororesin obtained by copolymerizing one or more of fluoroethylene, difluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene with a functional monomer containing an active group, wherein the functional monomer is a polymerizable organic molecule containing an unsaturated bond.
4. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation capacity of claim 3, wherein: the curing agent is a polyfunctional group curing agent containing isocyanate group, epoxy group or amino group.
5. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation capacity of claim 1, wherein: the carbon nanotube is a single-walled carbon nanotube or a multi-walled carbon nanotube, the diameter of the carbon nanotube is in the nanometer level, and the length of the carbon nanotube is in the micrometer level or the millimeter level.
6. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation capacity of claim 1, wherein: the graphene is single-molecular-layer graphene or multi-molecular-layer graphene, the thickness of the graphene is nano-scale, and the apparent size of the graphene is micron-scale to millimeter-scale.
7. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation performance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the mass percentage of the carbon nano tube and/or the graphene in the functional fluorine-containing coating is 0.1-10%.
8. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation capacity of claim 3, wherein: the functional monomer is a polymerizable organic molecule containing two bonds or three bonds.
9. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation capacity of claim 1, wherein: the substrate layer is PET, PP, PE or PO, and its thickness is micron order to millimeter level.
10. The solar cell back sheet with high heat dissipation capacity of claim 1, wherein: and carrying out plasma surface activation and etching treatment on two surfaces of the substrate layer.
11. A high heat dissipation type solar cell module is characterized in that: comprising the high heat dissipation type solar cell backsheet according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. A preparation method of a high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) adding 0.1-10% by mass of carbon nano tubes and/or graphene into the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating;
2) carrying out online plasma surface treatment on a substrate layer coiled material with the thickness of 38-300 microns and the width of 1-4 meters, wherein the linear speed of the treatment is 5-100 meters per minute, and uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating containing carbon nano tubes and/or graphene on the surface of the substrate layer by using a flow casting technology; curing at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 50-500 seconds to obtain a high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer, and grafting a polar monomolecular layer on the surface of the high-heat-dissipation air surface outer layer;
3) carrying out plasma treatment on the other surface of the base material layer, uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating on the surface of the base material layer by using a tape casting technology, and curing at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 50-500 seconds to obtain an inner layer with good adhesive force;
the functional fluorine-containing coating comprises functional polymer fluororesin with active groups, a curing agent, an auxiliary agent and a filler, wherein the active groups comprise hydroxyl, carboxyl or amino.
13. A preparation method of a high-heat-dissipation solar cell backboard is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) adding 0.1-10% by mass of carbon nano tubes and/or graphene into the prepared fluorine-containing coating, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating;
2) carrying out online plasma surface treatment on two surfaces of a substrate layer coiled material with the thickness of 38-300 microns and the width of 1-4 meters, wherein the linear speed of the treatment is 5-100 meters per minute, and uniformly coating the prepared heat dissipation type functional fluorine-containing coating containing carbon nanotubes and/or graphene on the two surfaces of the substrate layer by using a flow casting technology;
3) curing the base material layer at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 50-500 seconds to obtain an air surface outer layer with high heat dissipation and an inner layer with good adhesive force;
4) grafting a polar monomolecular layer on the outer surface of the high-heat-dissipation air surface;
the functional fluorine-containing coating comprises functional polymer fluororesin with active groups, a curing agent, an auxiliary agent and a filler, wherein the active groups comprise hydroxyl, carboxyl or amino.
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| CN104057676A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州克莱明新材料有限公司 | Solar backplane with heat dissipation function and production process thereof |
| CN104409549A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州福斯特新材料有限公司 | High-efficiency black solar cell backplane and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101811384A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-25 | 苏州中来太阳能材料技术有限公司 | Medium surface energy teflon backing plate and processing technique thereof |
| CN104057676A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州克莱明新材料有限公司 | Solar backplane with heat dissipation function and production process thereof |
| CN104409549A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州福斯特新材料有限公司 | High-efficiency black solar cell backplane and preparation method thereof |
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