CN107024714B - A kind of processing method and processing device for realizing air gun source Quality Control - Google Patents
A kind of processing method and processing device for realizing air gun source Quality Control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a kind of processing method and processing device for realizing air gun source Quality Control.The described method includes: the corresponding near-field wavelet of single-shot earthquake record to be recorded in progress linear superposition at the wave detector receiving point nearest apart from pneumatic gun seismic source array center, near-field wavelet is recorded after forming superposition；Calculate the bubble ratio that near-field wavelet records after the superposition；The average value for taking continuous K within the scope of the same depth of water bubble ratios that normally the corresponding near-field wavelet of single-shot records to make, as the standard bubble ratio value of normal single-shot, K >=3；The quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data is determined based on the standard bubble ratio value.Utilize embodiment each in the application, it can use near-field wavelet information and fast and effeciently identify that air-gun array whether there is the failure of bubble pressing result difference, to targetedly remove to exclude related airgun trouble, and then guarantee earthquake-capturing data quality, realizes that air gun source Quality Control monitors and processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of air gun seismic source seismic exploration acquisition, geological survey and the like in marine environments and inland lakes, and particularly relates to a processing method and a processing device for realizing quality control of an air gun seismic source.
Background
The air gun seismic source seismic exploration and acquisition technology is widely applied to marine environments, and with the continuous development of the exploration technology level, the requirements on the quality control of an air gun seismic source are higher and higher, and the air gun seismic exploration and acquisition technology is embodied in the aspects of air gun pressure, capacity, sinking depth, asynchronism, self-excitation, bubble suppression and the like.
The air gun seismic source type is mainly an air gun combination mode, and the total number of guns is generally between 20 and 40. The more the total number of guns of the combined gun array is, the more easily the adverse phenomena of gun asynchronism, self-excitation, bubble suppression and the like occur, and the quality of the bubble suppression effect has great influence on the data result of single-gun earthquake acquisition. The asynchronous fault of the gun can be quickly identified through the gun control system and the Log file thereof. When the air gun array air bubble suppression effect is poor, the air gun array can generate a serious air bubble effect, the corresponding earthquake single cannon can generate an abnormal first arrival, the phenomenon of repeated impact is similar, and the quality of the acquired earthquake data is directly influenced.
Generally, the air gun seismic source array design adopts a coherent gun combination and optimizes the sinking depth of the array, so that the amplitude of bubbles generated by seismic source excitation can be reduced, and the purpose of suppressing the bubbles is achieved. However, the prior publications do not have a quality control judgment method for air gun array bubble suppression, so as to realize qualitative and quantitative judgment on whether the air gun array has a fault or not.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a processing method and a device for realizing air gun seismic source quality control, which can be used for rapidly and effectively identifying whether the air gun array has a fault with poor bubble pressing effect by using near-field wavelet information, so that the relevant air gun faults can be specifically eliminated, the seismic acquisition data quality is further ensured, and the air gun seismic source quality control monitoring and processing are realized.
The processing method and the device for realizing the quality control of the air gun seismic source are realized as follows:
a processing method for implementing air gun seismic source quality control, the method comprising:
performing linear superposition on near-field wavelet records corresponding to the single shot seismic records at a receiver receiving point closest to the center of the air gun seismic source array to form superposed near-field wavelet records;
calculating a bubble ratio recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition, wherein the bubble ratio comprises the ratio of the maximum amplitude value of the first pressure pulse recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition to the maximum amplitude value of the first bubble pulse recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition;
taking the average value of the bubble ratios recorded by the near-field wavelets corresponding to K continuous normal single cannons in the same water depth range as the standard bubble ratio of the normal single cannons, wherein K is more than or equal to 3;
quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data is determined based on the standard bubble ratio.
In a preferred embodiment, the linear superposition is achieved using the following equation:
in the above formula, F (t) is expressed as superposition wavelet, f (t) is single-gun wavelet, g (t) is ghost wavelet, diDistance of the ith air gun from the nearest receiver point of the detector, di'The distance between the virtual image of the ith air gun and the nearest receiver receiving point of the detector is N, the number of the air guns in the array is N, and c is the speed of sound waves in water.
In a preferred embodiment, the value of K is set as: k is more than or equal to 10.
In a preferred embodiment, the value of K is set to 10.
In a preferred embodiment, the determining quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data based on the standard bubble ratio value comprises:
and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the standard bubble ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the value of M is 5.
In the preferred embodiment, when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single guns is smaller than the preset percentage of the standard air pressure ratio, the bubble suppression requirement of the air gun array is determined not to be met, and M is larger than or equal to 1.
A processing device for realizing air gun seismic source quality control comprises a processor and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor,
the processor, when executing the instructions, may implement the following:
performing linear superposition on near-field wavelet records corresponding to the single shot seismic records at a receiver receiving point closest to the center of the air gun seismic source array to form superposed near-field wavelet records;
calculating a bubble ratio recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition, wherein the bubble ratio comprises the ratio of the maximum amplitude value of the first pressure pulse recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition to the maximum amplitude value of the first bubble pulse recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition;
taking the average value of the bubble ratios recorded by the near-field wavelets corresponding to K continuous normal single cannons in the same water depth range as the standard bubble ratio of the normal single cannons, wherein K is more than or equal to 3;
quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data is determined based on the standard bubble ratio.
In a preferred embodiment, the memory-stored instructions are configured to cause the processor to perform the linear superposition using the following equation:
in the above formula, F (t) is expressed as superposition wavelet, f (t) is single-gun wavelet, g (t) is ghost wavelet, diDistance of the ith air gun from the nearest receiver point of the detector, di' is the distance from the virtual image of the ith air gun to the nearest receiver point of the detector, N is the number of air guns in the array, and c is the speed of sound waves in water.
In a preferred embodiment, the value of K is set as: k is more than or equal to 10.
In a preferred embodiment, the determining quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data based on the standard bubble ratio value comprises:
and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the standard bubble ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1.
Or,
and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the preset percentage of the standard air pressure ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the value of M is 5.
In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined percentage is 50%.
According to the processing method and device for achieving air gun seismic source quality control, whether the phenomenon that the seismic single-shot record is abnormal and first arrived due to the fact that the air gun array is poor in bubble pressing effect or not can be rapidly and effectively identified through calculating the bubble ratio of the near-field wavelet and combining the seismic single-shot record, seismic acquisition data quality is guaranteed, and the blank of an air gun seismic source seismic acquisition quality control technology is filled.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of a processing method for implementing air gun seismic source quality control provided herein;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a processing apparatus for implementing quality control of an air gun seismic source according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a normal single shot record for a series of 10 shots in one example of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a linear superposition near-field wavelet record corresponding to a 10-shot normal single shot record in an example of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a continuous 5 shot abnormal single shot record in one example of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a plurality of superimposed near-field wavelet records in one example of the application,
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an anomalous single shot project and its corresponding near-field wavelets in an example of the present application
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a normal single shot and its corresponding near-field wavelets in one example of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an anomalous single shot and its corresponding near-field wavelets in one example of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Near-field wavelet detectors are usually installed on a gun array of an air gun seismic source to obtain near-field wavelet information, and generally, the near-field wavelet mainly has two purposes, namely far-field wavelet simulation and seismic source working state monitoring. In the current practical application, a near-field wavelet is generally used for monitoring a seismic source, which is mainly used for checking whether a single gun is hung in a wrong way, judging whether the depth of a depth setting rope is wrong, observing whether the gun at the position is not ignited, whether delay fault and self-excitation phenomenon (qualitative) exist, and the like, but the quality control in the aspect of bubble pressing is not carried out by using information obtained by the near-field wavelet, and a quick and effective quality control method is not formed for qualitatively and quantitatively judging whether a gas gun array has faults. Some methods for calculating the bubble ratio are also proposed in the prior art, are mainly used for fault phenomena such as self-excitation of an air gun and are not combined with seismic records. Therefore, the processing method for realizing the quality control of the air gun seismic source has very important significance for actual seismic data acquisition work.
The method provided by the application is mainly used for rapidly and effectively judging whether the air gun array has the fault of abnormal first arrival caused by poor bubble suppression effect on the basis of quantitatively analyzing the near-field wavelet information of the gun array by combining the corresponding relation between the abnormal information on the near-field wavelet and the seismic waves of a single shot. FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of an embodiment of a process for implementing air gun seismic source quality control as described herein. Although the present application provides method operational steps or apparatus configurations as illustrated in the following examples or figures, more or fewer operational steps or modular units may be included in the methods or apparatus based on conventional or non-inventive efforts. In the case of steps or structures which do not logically have the necessary cause and effect relationship, the execution sequence of the steps or the module structure of the apparatus is not limited to the execution sequence or the module structure shown in the embodiment or the drawings of the present application. When the described method or module structure is applied to a practical device or an end product, the method or module structure according to the embodiment or the figures may be executed sequentially or executed in parallel (for example, in the environment of parallel processors or multi-thread processing, or even in the environment of distributed processing).
According to the method provided by one embodiment of the application, whether the phenomenon of abnormal first arrival of the seismic single-shot record is caused by poor bubble pressing effect of the air gun array can be rapidly and effectively identified by calculating the bubble ratio of the near-field wavelet and combining the seismic single-shot record. The airgun array may consist of a single or multiple sub-arrays, with the sub-arrays consisting of multiple single guns or groups of coherent guns. In general, a near-field wavelet sensor is hung 1m above the center of a seismic source of a single gun or a coherent gun. The near-field wavelet sensors can receive near-field wavelet information generated by the air gun seismic source once the air gun seismic source is excited, and the near-field wavelet information is recorded into a HYD file (similar to an SEG-Y file) through a BigShot gun control system, and meanwhile, a seismic instrument can receive corresponding seismic acquisition information and form single shot records. In this embodiment, some known parameters needed for calculation may be obtained, such as the coordinate position of each single gun in the air gun array, the coordinate position of the near-field wavelet sensor, the coordinate position of the geophone point closest to the center of the array seismic source, the sea surface reflection coefficient, the velocity of the acoustic wave in water, the seismic single-shot record, and the near-field wavelet actually received by the air gun array. These known parameters can be read, mapped or calculated by those skilled in the art in actual field application, and of course, other parameters, or equivalent or modified or transformed parameters to the known parameters of the present invention are not excluded and will not be discussed in detail herein. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of a processing method for implementing quality control of an air gun seismic source provided by the present application may include:
s1: and performing linear superposition on the near-field wavelet record corresponding to the single shot seismic record at the receiver point closest to the center of the air gun seismic source array to form the superposed near-field wavelet record.
In the real-time scenario of this embodiment, when the air gun source is excited, all near-field wavelet records corresponding to the single-shot seismic record of each shot, specifically, the near-field wavelet information generated by the air gun source received by the near-field wavelet sensor, may be obtained in real time. And then, linearly stacking the near-field wavelet records corresponding to the seismic single-shot record of each shot, wherein the stacking mode can be acquired at the position of the receiver receiving point closest to the center of the air gun seismic source array. The linear superposition mainly refers to that time shift summation is carried out on all near-field wavelet channels at the receiving point position according to the time shift amount calculated according to the position relation of the excitation point and the receiving point, so that a new superposed near-field wavelet is obtained, the influence of two links of air gun excitation and receiving on seismic data is considered at the same time, and the near-field wavelet characteristic value (bubble ratio, and the like) provides a basis for data evaluation. After linear superposition, a new superposed near-field wavelet record can be formed.
In one embodiment provided by the present application, the linear superposition of near-field wavelet recordings may be implemented in the following manner. Specifically, in another embodiment of the method of the present application, the linear superposition may be implemented by using the following formula:
in the above formula, F (t) is expressed as a superposition wavelet (i.e. a superposition near-field wavelet record formed after superposition), f (t) is a single-gun wavelet, g (t) is an imaginary reflection wavelet, diThe distance from the ith air gun to the nearest receiver point of the detector, di' is the distance from the virtual image of the ith air gun to the nearest receiver point of the detector, N is the number of air guns in the array, and c is the speed of sound waves in water. The acquisition of the data of the ghost wavelet can be determined by utilizing the information that the polarity of the ghost wavelet and the polarity of the direct wave at the sea level are opposite, the amplitudes of the ghost wavelet and the direct wave are the same, and the energy of the ghost wavelet is inversely proportional to the propagation distance. The distance of the virtual image from the receiving point may be obtained based on the information that the virtual image and the seismic source are symmetric about the sea level.
Currently, the formula provided above is only one of the ways to implement the linear superposition in the present embodiment, and other superposition formulas may also exist through parameter deformation, formula transformation, and the like. It should be understood that the above formula is only a calculation implementation of an embodiment that is practical to operate, based on the fact that the result obtained by subtracting the sum of the nearest detector from the single-gun wavelet in the present embodiment is within the technical scope of the present application.
In the embodiment of the application, near-field wavelet records generated by an air gun seismic source can be acquired and obtained, and then the near-field wavelet records corresponding to the single-shot seismic records are linearly superposed at a receiver receiving point closest to the center of the air gun seismic source array to form the superposed near-field wavelet records.
S2: and calculating the bubble ratio of the near-field wavelet record after superposition, wherein the bubble ratio comprises the ratio of the maximum amplitude value of the first pressure pulse of the near-field wavelet record after superposition to the maximum amplitude value of the first bubble pulse of the near-field wavelet record after superposition.
The positions of the first pressure pulse and the first bubble pulse can be obtained through the designed bubble period of the air gun array, and the maximum true value can be taken as the maximum amplitude value through selecting a time window.
S3: and taking the average value of the bubble ratios recorded by the near-field wavelets corresponding to the continuous K normal single cannons in the same water depth range as the standard bubble ratio of the normal single cannons, wherein K is more than or equal to 3.
The specific processing procedure may include, within the same water depth range (a certain error may be allowed to exist, for example, 20 m ± 2 m, and it should be understood that the same water depth range described in this embodiment is used as a reference), taking the near-field wavelet records corresponding to the consecutive K normal single shots, stacking the near-field wavelet records, calculating an average value of the K bubble ratios, and taking the average value as a standard bubble ratio of the normal single shots, where the normal single shots may mean that the pressure, the capacity, and the setting depth of the gun array are the same, and the single shots do not have asynchronization, self-excitation, and abnormal first arrival phenomena. Currently, other normal single shot conditions can be set according to actual field operation conditions or quality control requirements.
In this embodiment, the value range of K may be at least 3 bubble ratios of normal single cannons (one is meaningless, and two are hardly practical). In the embodiment of the application, under a general condition, if the number of the values of the normal single cannons used for calculating the standard bubble ratio is less, the reliability is poorer, and the reference significance and the accuracy for judging the quality control result of the air gun seismic source are lower. In one embodiment of the present application, the value of K is equal to or greater than 3. In another embodiment of the present application, in combination with the expected requirements of quality control in most actual scenes, the bubble ratios corresponding to 10 continuous guns or more normal single guns in the same water depth range can be averaged, and the value of K can be set as: k is more than or equal to 10. Of course, in another preferred embodiment, the value of K may be 10, so that the skill meets certain quality control requirements, and the data processing and the meaningful representation of quality control are easy to understand and calculate due to the multiple of 10.
It should be noted that the water depth range can be selected and set by the operator according to the actual site construction situation and the quality control requirement. In addition, when a plurality of K consecutive satisfactory bubble ratios are present, one embodiment may arbitrarily select an average value of one of the sections as the standard bubble ratio. For example, when the bubble ratios of K continuous normal single cannons with numbers of 1010-1020 and the bubble ratios of K continuous normal single cannons with numbers of 1050-1060 are available, the average value of one section can be selected as the standard bubble ratio of quality control.
S4: quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data is determined based on the standard bubble ratio.
The standard bubble ratio for judging the quality of the seismic data is determined in the above mode, and the quality control of the air gun seismic source can be further realized by utilizing the standard bubble ratio. The specific processing mode for realizing the quality control requirement by using the standard bubble ratio can adopt different processing modes according to the actual quality control requirement. For example, the collected single cannon is directly calculated and then compared with the standard bubble ratio, and if certain preset requirements are met, the single cannon can be considered to meet the quality control requirements. And the abnormal first arrival scene can be judged when the bubble ratio of a plurality of single cannons is too small.
The processing method for realizing the air gun seismic source quality control can timely find the phenomenon that a single gun has abnormal first arrival due to poor bubble suppression effect in the air gun seismic source excitation operation process, ensure the seismic acquisition data quality and fill the blank of an air gun seismic source seismic acquisition quality control technology.
Another embodiment of the method provides a specific quantized output quality control processing method. Specifically, in another embodiment of the method, the determining quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data based on the standard bubble ratio value may include:
s401: and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the standard bubble ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1. At this time, an alarm or prompt message may be output.
In one embodiment, the bubble suppressing effect may be considered to be poor when the bubble ratio corresponding to the single earthquake shot is smaller than the standard bubble ratio. In other embodiments, generally, the scene with the single shot abnormal first arrival due to the poor bubble pressing effect can be considered to appear when a plurality of bubble ratios are smaller than the standard bubble ratio. In general, in marine seismic exploration, quality problems of 5 continuous guns are not allowed, and if the quality problems occur, the 5 guns are required to be re-filled. Therefore, in another embodiment of the method provided by the present application in combination with the practical application effect, the value of M is 5. When the bubble ratio corresponding to the single-shot earthquake record exceeding 5 continuous shots is smaller than the standard bubble ratio, the single-shot earthquake and the corresponding superposed near-field wavelets can be subjected to corresponding recording time, and if the near-field wavelet bubble pulse can correspond to the abnormal first arrival appearing on the single shot, the effect of suppressing bubbles by the whole gun array is poor, and the gun array needs to be overhauled.
Alternatively, in another embodiment, the determining quality information for the air gun source seismic acquisition data based on the standard bubble ratio value may include:
s402: and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the preset percentage of the standard air pressure ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met. At this time, an alarm or prompt message may be output.
In the implementation scenario of this embodiment, the comparison can be made directly with the standard bubble ratio, but with a certain percentage value thereof. In a specific embodiment of the application, the predetermined percentage is 50%, that is, when the bubble ratio of the single guns which continuously appear more than M is less than 50% of the standard bubble ratio, the single guns and the corresponding superposed near-field wavelets of the earthquake can be subjected to correspondence in recording time, and if the near-field wavelet bubble pulses can correspond to the abnormal first arrival appearing on the single guns, the effect of pressing bubbles by the whole gun array is poor, and the gun array needs to be overhauled.
The processing method for the time sequence air gun seismic source quality control provided by the embodiment of the application can obviously find the phenomenon that a single gun has abnormal first arrival due to poor bubble suppression effect in the air gun seismic source excitation operation process in time, ensure the quality of seismic acquisition data, and fill the blank of an air gun seismic source seismic acquisition quality control technology.
Based on the processing method for realizing the air gun seismic source quality control, the application also provides a processing device for realizing the air gun seismic source quality control. The apparatus can include systems (including distributed systems), software (applications), modules, components, servers, etc. that employ the methods described herein, in conjunction with hardware where necessary to implement the apparatus. Based on the same innovative concept, the device in one embodiment provided by the present application is described in the following embodiment. Because the implementation scheme of the device for solving the problems is similar to that of the method, the implementation of the specific device in the present application can refer to the implementation of the method, and repeated details are not repeated. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated. Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a processing apparatus for implementing quality control of an air gun seismic source according to the present application, and as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus may include a processor and a memory storing executable instructions of the processor,
the processor, when executing the instructions, may implement the following:
performing linear superposition on near-field wavelet records corresponding to the single shot seismic records at a receiver receiving point closest to the center of the air gun seismic source array to form superposed near-field wavelet records;
calculating a bubble ratio recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition, wherein the bubble ratio comprises the ratio of the maximum amplitude value of the first pressure pulse recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition to the maximum amplitude value of the first bubble pulse recorded by the near-field wavelets after superposition;
taking the average value of the bubble ratios recorded by the near-field wavelets corresponding to K continuous normal single cannons in the same water depth range as the standard bubble ratio of the normal single cannons, wherein K is more than or equal to 3;
quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data is determined based on the standard bubble ratio.
In one embodiment, the memory stored instructions are configured to cause the processor to perform the linear superposition using the following equation when executed:
in the above formula, F (t) is expressed as a superposition wavelet (i.e. a superposition near-field wavelet record formed after superposition), f (t) is a single-gun wavelet, g (t) is an imaginary reflection wavelet, diDistance of the ith air gun from the nearest receiver point of the detector, di' is the distance from the virtual image of the ith air gun to the nearest receiver point of the detector, N is the number of air guns in the array, and c is the speed of sound waves in water.
In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus, the value of K is set as: k is more than or equal to 10.
As described above, in another embodiment of the apparatus, the determining quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data based on the standard bubble ratio value comprises:
and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the standard bubble ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1.
Or,
and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the preset percentage of the standard air pressure ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1.
In the two modes, the value of M may be 5 as described in the foregoing method, and the predetermined percentage may be 50%. When the bubble ratio corresponding to the continuous 5-cannon earthquake single-cannon record is less than or equal to 50% of the standard bubble ratio, the earthquake single-cannon and the corresponding superposed near-field wavelets are subjected to corresponding recording time, and if the near-field wavelet bubble pulse can correspond to the abnormal first arrival appearing on the single cannon, the effect of pressing bubbles by the whole gun array is poor, and the gun array needs to be overhauled.
The specific implementation manner of the apparatus in the foregoing embodiment may refer to the related description of the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not repeated here. According to the method or the device provided by the embodiment of the application, whether the air gun array has the fault with poor bubble pressing effect is quickly and effectively identified by using the near-field wavelet information, so that the relevant air gun fault is pertinently eliminated, the quality of earthquake acquisition data is further ensured, and the quality control monitoring and processing of the air gun seismic source are realized.
The following is a specific application of the method or apparatus of the present application to further illustrate the novel concepts and practical applications of the present application. The embodiment of the application is fully applied to a certain bottom cable three-dimensional seismic data acquisition project. The work area is located in the south of Bohai Bay, the seismic source type used in the project is air gun array combination, the combination mode is 3-row linear area combination, 29 guns are in total, and 17 near-field wavelet sensors are hung and connected. The specific implementation comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) linearly superposing the near-field wavelet records corresponding to the continuous 10-shot normal single shot records (as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of linearly superposed near-field wavelets corresponding to the 10-shot normal single shot in fig. 3, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of linearly superposed near-field wavelets corresponding to the 10-shot normal single shot in fig. 3). The position coordinates of the single-gun, near-field wavelet sensors in the array are shown in table 1. The position coordinates of the nearest receiving detection point of each single cannon are shown in table 2, the sound velocity of seawater is 1500m/s, and the sea surface reflection coefficient is-1.
TABLE 1 location coordinates of Single-gun, near-field wavelet sensors in an array
Table 210 normal single-shot record nearest demodulator probe receiving position coordinate
| Nearest receiving point | X coordinate | Y coordinate | Z coordinate |
| Single firecracker 1 | 12.6 | 34.7 | 22.0 |
| Single firecracker 2 | 15.8 | 23.9 | 22.0 |
| Single gun 3 | 21.0 | 27.8 | 22.0 |
| Single gun 4 | 19.2 | 25.5 | 21.9 |
| Single firecracker 5 | 15.2 | 26.5 | 21.8 |
| Single firecracker 6 | 18.0 | 27.7 | 21.9 |
| Single gun 7 | 16.0 | 28.2 | 22.0 |
| Single firecracker 8 | 15.8 | 26.7 | 21.9 |
| Single gun 9 | 19.8 | 23.2 | 21.9 |
| Single gun 10 | 19.8 | 26.0 | 21.8 |
And (3) superposing 17 near-field wavelets corresponding to each single shot into 1 near-field wavelet by a linear superposition formula, wherein the left side in the figure 4 shows the near-field wavelet information received by all the near-field wavelet sensors when the air gun source is excited once. The right side of the figure shows that all near-field wavelets are linearly superimposed to obtain a new near-field wavelet record. FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a plurality of superimposed near-field wavelet recordings.
2. The bubble ratio (P/B ratio) values of the linearly superimposed near-field wavelets were calculated, see table 3.
Table 310 bubble ratio of superposed near-field wavelets corresponding to normal single cannon
And averaging the bubble ratio of the superposed near-field wavelets corresponding to the 10 normal single cannons to obtain the standard bubble ratio of the normal single cannon of 18.46.
3. When 163 wire bundles are constructed, the ratio of the bubbles of the superposed near-field wavelets corresponding to the continuous 5-shot single shot records is found to be between 4.20 and 5.49 and is lower than 50 percent of the standard bubble ratio through calculation. The coordinates of the position of the nearest receiving detector of each single shot are shown in table 4, and the calculation result of the near-field wavelet bubble ratio is shown in table 5. The single cannon corresponds to the near-field wavelet, and the bubble pulse of the near-field wavelet is found to correspond to the abnormal first arrival on the single cannon (as shown in fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a recording schematic diagram of the abnormal single cannon of the continuous 5 cannons, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the abnormal single cannon of the project and the corresponding near-field wavelet), so that the air gun array is found to have a fault, and after the air gun array is overhauled, the gun array is in a normal working state.
TABLE 45 receiver coordinates of the nearest receiver point of abnormal single-shot record
Table 55 bubble ratio of superimposed near-field wavelets corresponding to abnormal single shot
| Single shot record | Single firecracker 1 | Single firecracker 2 | Single gun 3 | Single gun 4 | Single firecracker 5 | Mean value of |
| Ratio of bubbles | 5.49 | 5.26 | 4.38 | 4.20 | 4.35 | 4.74 |
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a normal single shot and its corresponding near-field wavelets in an example of the present application, where the left side of FIG. 8 is the normal seismic single shot and the right side is the near-field wavelets corresponding to the normal single shot, and the bubble ratio is 19.97. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an abnormal single shot and its corresponding near-field wavelets in an example of the present application, in fig. 9, all the near-field wavelets corresponding to the abnormal seismic single shot are located at the leftmost side, the linearly-superimposed near-field wavelets are located in the middle of the diagram, the bubble ratio is 4.73, and the corresponding abnormal single shot is located at the rightmost side. In fig. 9, since the near-field wavelet starts to receive signals 50ms before the source is excited and the single earthquake shot is received simultaneously with the source being excited, the time of the near-field wavelet 50ms corresponds to the time of the single earthquake shot 0ms, and it can be seen from fig. 9 that the bubble pulse of the near-field wavelet corresponds to the abnormal first arrival of the single earthquake shot (the dashed marked line in the figure).
The total number of the shots produced by the project in the operation time of nearly 4 months is 132772 shots, the qualification rate of the data reaches 100% by the quality control method provided by the application, the abnormal first arrival phenomenon caused by poor bubble pressing effect does not exist in a single shot, the actual effect is very obvious, and the user acceptance degree is very high. The method not only ensures the acquisition of the optimal seismic data of the CFD project, but also provides good reference experience for the efficient operation and driving protection of the project and marine seismic data acquisition, is worthy of vigorous popularization and application, and becomes an indispensable technical means for controlling the seismic acquisition quality of the air gun seismic source.
In one embodiment of the application, the method comprises the following steps:
a. and averaging the bubble ratios of the near-field wavelets corresponding to the continuous 10 or more normal single cannons in the same water depth range to obtain the standard bubble ratio of the normal single cannon. The normal single cannon refers to that the pressure, the capacity and the sinking depth of a gun array are the same, and the single cannon does not have the phenomena of asynchronism, self excitation and abnormal first arrival;
b. combining the quality control requirement of air gun source earthquake collection air waste cannons, when the bubble ratio corresponding to the continuous 5-cannon earthquake single cannon record is less than or equal to 50% of the standard bubble ratio, corresponding the earthquake single cannon and the corresponding superposed near-field wavelet on the earthquake single cannon in recording time, and if the near-field wavelet bubble pulse can correspond to the abnormal first arrival on the single cannon, the effect of pressing bubbles by the whole gun array is poor, and the gun array needs to be overhauled.
The understanding of the two steps is to combine the seismic record with the bubble ratio of the near-field wavelet to obtain whether the phenomenon that the bubble pressing effect of the air gun array is poor exists or not. Some methods in the prior art do not mention seismic recording. That is to say, there is an abnormal first arrival phenomenon in the seismic record, and no one suggests that this is caused by the difference of the gun array pressing bubbles. The gun array suppresses the bubble difference and causes seismic record to have unusual first arrival phenomenon, is a cognitive problem, does not have before, and this application has first proposed to there is the example to prove. Has obvious prediction effect in practical application.
Although the description of formula definition, value taking, judgment, interaction, calculation and the like of a linear superposition calculation formula, a standard bubble ratio calculation method, a parameter value for judging the poor bubble pressing effect and the like is mentioned in the content of the application, the application is not limited to the conditions that the formula definition, the value taking, the judgment, the interaction, the calculation and the like are required to meet the standard seismic exploration acquisition and data processing method, the standard mathematical formula calculation, the setting of quality control conditions and the like, the conditions described in the embodiment and the like, and the implementation scheme which is slightly modified on the basis of implementation described by using a custom mode or the embodiment can also realize the same, equivalent or similar implementation effect or the predictable implementation effect after deformation of the embodiment. The embodiments of obtaining data by applying these modifications or variations, such as data obtaining, defining, determining, and value-taking, may still fall within the scope of the optional embodiments of the present application.
Although the present application provides method steps as described in an embodiment or flowchart, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When an apparatus or client product in practice executes, it may execute sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multithreaded processing environment, or even in a distributed data processing environment) according to the embodiments or methods shown in the figures. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of additional identical or equivalent elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the recited elements is not excluded. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote names, but not any particular order.
The units, devices, modules, etc. set forth in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various modules by functions, and are described separately. Of course, in implementing the present application, the functions of each module may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware, or a module implementing the same function may be implemented by a combination of a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units, and the like. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, in addition to implementing the controller as pure computer readable program code, the same functionality can be implemented by logically programming method steps such that the controller is in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Such a controller may therefore be considered as a hardware component, and the means included therein for performing the various functions may also be considered as a structure within the hardware component. Or even means for performing the functions may be regarded as being both a software module for performing the method and a structure within a hardware component.
The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, classes, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present application can be implemented by software plus necessary general hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like, and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a mobile terminal, a server, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present application.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The application is operational with numerous general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. For example: personal computers, server computers, hand-held or portable devices, tablet-type devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable electronic devices, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
While the present application has been described with examples, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present application without departing from the spirit of the application, and it is intended that the appended claims encompass such variations and permutations without departing from the spirit of the application.
Claims (11)
1. A processing method for realizing quality control of an air gun seismic source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing linear superposition on near-field wavelet records corresponding to the single shot seismic records at a receiver point closest to the center of the air gun seismic source array to form superposed near-field wavelet records;
the linear superposition is achieved using the following equation:
in the above formula, F (t) is expressed as superposition wavelet, f (t) is single-gun wavelet, g (t) is ghost wavelet, diDistance of the ith air gun from the nearest receiver point of the detector, di'The distance between a virtual image of the ith air gun and the nearest receiver point of the detector is defined, N is the number of the air guns in the array, and c is the speed of sound waves in water;
calculating the bubble ratio recorded by the superposed near-field wavelets, wherein the bubble ratio is the ratio of the maximum amplitude value of the first pressure pulse recorded by the superposed near-field wavelets to the maximum amplitude value of the first bubble pulse recorded by the superposed near-field wavelets;
taking the average value of the bubble ratios recorded by near-field wavelets corresponding to K continuous normal single cannons within the same water depth range as the standard bubble ratio of the normal single cannons, wherein K is more than or equal to 3;
quality information of air gun source seismic acquisition data is determined based on the standard bubble ratio.
2. The processing method for realizing quality control of an air gun seismic source according to claim 1, wherein the value of K is set as: k is more than or equal to 10.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein K is set to 10.
4. The processing method for realizing quality control of the air gun source seismic data according to claim 1, wherein the determining quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data based on the standard bubble ratio comprises:
and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the standard bubble ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein M is 5.
6. The processing method for realizing quality control of an air gun seismic source as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the bubble ratio corresponding to more than M continuous single guns is less than the predetermined percentage of the standard bubble ratio, the air gun array bubble suppression requirement is determined not to be met, and M is greater than or equal to 1.
7. A processing device for realizing air gun seismic source quality control is characterized by comprising a processor and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor,
the processor, when executing the instructions, may implement the following:
performing linear superposition on near-field wavelet records corresponding to the single shot seismic records at a receiver point closest to the center of the air gun seismic source array to form superposed near-field wavelet records;
the memory storing instructions configured to cause the processor to perform, when executed, implementing the linear superposition using the formula:
in the above formula, F (t) is expressed as superposition wavelet, f (t) is single-gun wavelet, g (t) is ghost wavelet, diDistance of the ith air gun from the nearest receiver point of the detector, diThe' is the distance from the virtual image of the ith air gun to the nearest receiver point of the detector, N is the number of the air guns in the array, and c is the speed of sound waves in water;
calculating the bubble ratio recorded by the superposed near-field wavelets, wherein the bubble ratio is the ratio of the maximum amplitude value of the first pressure pulse recorded by the superposed near-field wavelets to the maximum amplitude value of the first bubble pulse recorded by the superposed near-field wavelets;
taking the average value of the bubble ratios recorded by near-field wavelets corresponding to K continuous normal single cannons within the same water depth range as the standard bubble ratio of the normal single cannons, wherein K is more than or equal to 3;
quality information of air gun source seismic acquisition data is determined based on the standard bubble ratio.
8. The processing apparatus for implementing quality control of an air gun seismic source as claimed in claim 7, wherein said K is set to a value: k is more than or equal to 10.
9. The processing apparatus for implementing quality control of an air gun source as claimed in claim 7, wherein said determining quality information of the air gun source seismic acquisition data based on said standard bubble ratio value comprises:
when the bubble ratio corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the standard bubble ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1;
or,
and when the ratio of the bubbles corresponding to more than M continuous single cannons is smaller than the preset percentage of the standard bubble ratio, determining that the bubble pressing requirement of the air gun array is not met, wherein M is larger than or equal to 1.
10. The processing apparatus for implementing quality control of an air gun seismic source of claim 9, wherein M is 5.
11. The processing apparatus for implementing quality control of an air-gun seismic source of claim 9, wherein the predetermined percentage is 50%.
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| CN108873056A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-23 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Seismic prospecting scene real-time quality monitoring method, client, apparatus and system |
| CN112114355B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2024-03-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Air gun array energy center determining method and device |
| CN110568479B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-04-06 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Method for determining far-field wavelet of marine air gun seismic source |
| CN112782754A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Multisource synchronous acquisition data simulation method and device |
| CN112162333B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-10-18 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | Method and device for detecting synchronism of air gun array |
| CN112285767B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-04-23 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Ocean bottom seismograph four-component ocean surface wave multi-order frequency dispersion energy imaging device and method |
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